Epigraphy of Art : Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings

Ancient Greek vase-paintings offer broad-ranging and unprecedented early perspectives on the often intricate interplay of images and texts. By bringing together—for the first time in English-language scholarship—an international group of leading scholars in classical art and archaeology who have worked on vase-inscriptions, this book investigates epigraphic technicalities of Attic and non-Attic inscriptions on pottery as well as their broader iconographic and sociocultural significance. The ten chapters in this book propose original and expert methodological approaches to the study of vase-inscriptions and vasepaintings, while also foregrounding the outstanding but not fully examined importance of the area of vase-inscriptions for current research on ancient Greek visual representations. Epigraphy of Art: Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings constitutes a major contribution to the fields of Greek epigraphy and classical art and archaeology and will prove significant for epigraphists, archaeologists, and art-historians interested in the complexities of the interaction of art and text. Table of Contents Preface: Art and Epigraphy: Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions (Dimitrios Yatromanolakis) Inscriptions and Visual Representations on Attic Vases: Questions, Methodologies, Technical and Contextual Approaches: Chapter One: Soundscapes (and Two Speaking Lyres) (Dimitrios Yatromanolakis) Chapter Two: Hipparchos kalos (Thomas Mannack) Chapter Three: ‘So-and-so καλή’: A Reexamination (Guy Hedreen) Chapter Four: Inscribed Mythical Names on Attic Vase-Paintings from 570 to 530 BC: A Contextual Approach (Burkhard Fehr) Chapter Five: Meaningless, But Not Useless! Nonsense Inscriptions on Athenian Little-Master Cups (Pieter Heesen) Inscriptions on Apulian Vases: Chapter Six: Inscriptions on Apulian Red-Figure Vases: A Survey (John H. Oakley) Chapter Seven: Some Observations on Apulian Vase-Inscriptions with a Particular Focus on the Darius Painter (Thomas H. Carpenter) Visual Identities: Attic and Corinthian Inscriptions and the Significance of their Placement: Chapter Eight: Instant Messaging: Dance, Text, and Visual Communication on Archaic Corinthian and Attic Vases (Tyler Jo Smith) Chapter Nine: Tracing Letters on the Eurymedon Vase: On the Importance of Placement of Vase-Inscriptions (Georg Simon Gerleigner) Chapter Ten: Sophilos, Inscriptions, and the Funeral Games for Patroklos (Mary Moore) Ancient Greek vase-paintings offer broad-ranging and unprecedented early perspectives on the often intricate interplay of images and texts. By bringing together—for the first time in English-language scholarship—an international group of leading scholars in classical art and archaeology who have worked on vase-inscriptions, this book investigates epigraphic technicalities of Attic and non-Attic inscriptions on pottery as well as their broader iconographic and sociocultural significance. The ten chapters in this book propose original and expert methodological approaches to the study of vase-inscriptions and vase-paintings, while also foregrounding the outstanding but not fully examined importance of the area of vase-inscriptions for current research on ancient Greek visual representations. Epigraphy of Art: Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions and Vase-Paintings constitutes a major contribution to the fields of Greek epigraphy and classical art and archaeology and will prove significant for epigraphists, archaeologists, and art-historians interested in the complexities of the interaction of art and text. Cover 1 Copyright Page 4 Dedication 5 Contents 7 List of Figures 8 Notes on Contributors 11 Abbreviations 13 Preface 17 Art and Epigraphy: Ancient Greek Vase-Inscriptions 17 Dimitrios Yatromanolakis 17 Inscriptions and Visual Representations on Attic Vases: Questions, Methodologies, Technical and Contextual Approaches 21 Chapter One 23 Soundscapes (and Two Speaking Lyres)* 23 Dimitrios Yatromanolakis 23 Chapter Two 65 Hipparchos kalos* 65 Thomas Mannack 65 Chapter Three 75 ‘So-and-so καλή’: A Reexamination 75 Guy Hedreen 75 Chapter Four 95 Inscribed Mythical Names on Attic Vase-Paintings from 570 to 530 BC: 95 A Contextual Approach 95 Burkhard Fehr 95 Chapter Five 113 Meaningless, But Not Useless! 113 Nonsense Inscriptions on Athenian Little-Master Cups* 113 Pieter Heesen 113 Chapter One 23 Figure 1. Schwerin, Staatliches Museum 708. Photograph courtesy and © Staatliches Museum Schwerin. 24 Figure 2. Schwerin, Staatliches Museum 708. Photograph courtesy and © Staatliches Museum Schwerin. 24 Figure 4. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 2510. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/ArchaeologicalReceipts Fund. 28 Figure 5. Liverpool, National Museums 56.19.19. Photograph courtesy and © National Museums, Liverpool. 30 Figure 6. Liverpool, National Museums 56.19.19. Photograph courtesy and © National Museums, Liverpool. 31 Figure 7. Liverpool, National Museums 56.19.19. Photograph courtesy and © National Museums, Liverpool. 32 Figure 8. Liverpool, National Museums 56.19.19. Photograph courtesy and © National Museums, Liverpool. 33 Figure 9. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 36 Figure 10. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 37 Figure 11. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 38 Figure 12. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 39 Figure 13. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 40 Figure 14. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 40 Figure 15. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 41 Figure 16. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden PC 47. Photograph courtesy and © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. 41 Figure 17. Eleusis, Αrchaeological Museum 465. Photograph courtesy and © the Ephorate of Antiquities of West Attica, Piraeus and Islands. 45 Figure 18. Athens, National Archaeological Museum, Acropolis Collection 1.611. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. 53 Figure 19. Copenhagen, National Museum 13365. After D. Yatromanolakis, Sappho in the Making: The Early Reception, Cambridge, MA 2007, 116, fig. 10. 54 Figure 20. Munich, Antikensammlungen 2416. After D. Yatromanolakis, Sappho in the Making: The Early Reception, Cambridge, MA 2007, 74, fig. 3a. 55 Figure 21. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 1357. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/ArchaeologicalReceipts Fund. 57 Figure 22. Αthens, National Archaeological Museum, Acropolis Collection 2.546. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. 58 Figure 23a–b. Munich, Antikensammlungen 2646. Photograph courtesy Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München. 60 Figure 24. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 1104. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/ArchaeologicalReceipts Fund. 62 Figure 25. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 1104. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/ArchaeologicalReceipts Fund. 63 Chapter Two 65 Figure 1. Larissa, Archaeological Museum 78.44. Photograph courtesy and © the Archaeological Museum, Larissa. 66 Figure 2a–b. Aberdeen, University 64347. Beazley drawing. Photograph courtesy the University of Aberdeen. 68 Figure 3. Once Munich, Preyss. Photograph Mary Beazley. 69 Figure 4. Würzburg, Universität, Martin von Wagner Museum L 310. After E. Langlotz, Griechische Vasen in Würzburg, Munich 1932, pl. 87. 70 Figure 5. London, British Museum AN00277420_001 (E 37). Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 72 Figure 6. Copenhagen, National Museum CHR.VIII.967. Photograph courtesy the National Museum, Copenhagen. 73 Chapter Three 75 Figure 1. Berlin, Antikensammlung 1966.20. Photograph courtesy Antikensammlung, Berlin. Image source: Art Resource, NY. Photographer: Johannes Laurentius (Berlin). 77 Figure 2. Munich, Antikensammlungen 2309. Photograph courtesy Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München. Photographer: Renate Kühling. 79 Figure 3. Paris, Louvre G33. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. 82 Figure 4. London, British Museum 1843.11-3.49 (B329). Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 83 Figure 5. London, British Museum 1836.2-24.169 (B330). Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 84 Figure 6. Athens, National Archaeological Museum, Acropolis Collection 732. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. Photographer: Eirini Miari. 86 Figure 7. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 1997.388, 56, and 493. © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image source: Art Resource, NY. 90 Figure 8. Athens, National Archaeological Museum, Acropolis Collection 569. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. 92 Figure 9. Munich, Antikensammlungen 2167. Photograph courtesy Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München. Photographer: Christa Koppermann. 93 Chapter Four 95 Figure 1. Munich, Antikensammlungen 2243. After CVA Munich (11), pl. 5.1. 96 Figure 2. Munich, Antikensammlungen 1449. After CVA Munich (7), pl. 328.4. 98 Figure 3. Taranto, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 110339. After EAA III, 1130, fig. 1446. 99 Figure 4. Munich, Antikensammlungen 7739. After H. A. G. Brijder, Siana Cups II, Amsterdam 1991, pl. 133b (no. 407). 99 Figure 5. Taranto, Museo Archeologico Nazionale I.G. 4340. After H. A. G. Brijder, Siana Cups I, Amsterdam 1983, pl. 9b. 100 Figure 6. Private collection. After an exhibition catalogue of the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg, ed. W. Hornbostel; Kunst der Antike: Schätze aus norddeutschem Privatbesitz, Hamburg 1977, 252, fig. 233. 101 Figure 7. Berlin, Antikensammlung F 1698. After E. Gerhard, Etruskische und campanische Vasenbilder, Berlin 1843, pl. 22. 102 Figure 8. Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum 67/90. After CVA Karlsruhe (3), pl. 24.3. 104 Figure 9. Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum 65/45. After CVA Karlsruhe (3), pl. 18.1. 107 Figure 10. Athens, Agora Museum A.P. 1044. After Hesperia 1937, 479, fig. 6. 108 Chapter Five 113 Figure 1a-b. Cat. no. 43: Princeton (NJ), University Art Museum 2011-22, details of A and B. Photograph courtesy Princeton University Art Museum. Museum purchase, Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr. Memorial Collection Fund. Photographer: Bruce M. White. 114 Figure 2a-b. Cat. no. 100: Manchester III H 45/40067, details of A and B. Photograph courtesy and © Manchester Museum, University of Manchester. 115 Figure 3a-b. Cat. no. 3: Paris, Louvre Cp 10256, details of A and B. Photographs RMN, © Musée du Louvre. 117 Figure 4. Cat. no. 9: Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France Froehner 1593/Cab 207. © BnF-CNRS-Maison Archéologie & Ethnologie, René-Ginouvès. Photographer: Serge Oboukhoff. 118 Figure 5a-b. Cat. no. 17: Altenburg 238, details of A and B. © Lindenau-Museum. Photographer: Susanne Reim. 119 Figure 6a-b. Cat. no. 18: Arezzo, private, details of A and B. Photographs 42871/1-2, © Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana. 119 Figure 7. Cat. no. 36: Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 151084. Photograph © Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence. 120 Figure 8a-b. Cat. no. 37: Bern, private, details of A and B. Photograph courtesy owner. 121 Figure 9. Cat. no. 38: Paris, Louvre Cp 10271. Photograph RMN, © Musée du Louvre. 121 Figure 10a-b. Cat. no. 66: Capua, Museo Campano 200, details of A and B. Photographs © Museo Campano di Capua. 123 Figure 11a-b. Cat. no. 78: Paris, Louvre Cp 10257, details of A and B. Photographs RMN, © Musée du Louvre. 124 Figure 12a-b. Cat. no. 113: Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 81145, side A and side B. © Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei. 126 Figure 13a-b. Cat. no. 119: New York market. After catalogue NFA, Classical Auctions, 11 December 1991, lot 71. 128 Figure 14. Cat. no. 276: Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 98813, detail of A. Photograph © Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence. 134 Figure 15a-b. Cat. no. 20: Malibu (CA), J. Paul Getty Museum 96.AE.91, details of A and B. Photograph courtesy and © J. Paul Getty Museum. Gift of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman. 137 Figure 16a-b. Cat. no. 21: Richmond (VA), Virginia Museum of Fine Arts 62.1.14, details of A and B. Photograph courtesy and © Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond (VA). Adolph D. and Wilkins C. Williams Fund. Photographer: Travis Fullerton. 138 Figure 17a-b. Cat. no. 22: Würzburg, Universität, Martin von Wagner Museum L 407 (HA 606), details of A and B. © Martin von Wagner Museum der Universität Würzburg. Photographers: P. Neckermann (A) and E. Oehrlein (B). 139 Inscriptions on Apulian Vases 141 Chapter Six 143 Inscriptions on Apulian Red-Figure Vases: A Survey* 143 John H. Oakley 143 Chapter Seven 157 Some Observations on Apulian Vase-Inscriptions 157 with a Particular Focus on the Darius Painter 157 Thomas H. Carpenter 157 Chapter Six 143 Figure 1. Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, ex Giuseppe Colombo Collection. © Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana. 144 Figure 2. Atlanta (GA), Emory University, Michael C. Carlos Museum 2003.35.4. © Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University. 145 Figure 3. London, British Museum F 62. Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 146 Figure 4. London, British Museum F 67. Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 147 Figure 5. Liverpool, University, Garstang Museum of Archaeology. Photograph courtesy and © Garstang Museum of Archaeology.) 148 Figure 6. Basel, Antikenmuseum und Sammlung Ludwig BS 484. Photograph courtesy Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig. Photographer: Andreas F. Voegelin. 149 Figure. 7. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 24.97.104. © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image source: ARTstor, IAP. 150 Figure 8. Atlanta (GA), Emory University, Michael C. Carlos Museum 1994.1. © Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University. 152 Figure 9. Malibu (CA), J. Paul Getty Museum 86.AE.680. Photograph courtesy and © J. Paul Getty Museum. 153 Figure 10. Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 3253 (Inv. 81947). After FR II, pl. 88. 154 Chapter Seven 157 Figure 1. a) Boston (MA), Museum of Fine Arts 1989.100. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 158 b) Taranto, Museo Archeologico Nazionale inv. 194765. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 158 c) Boston (MA), Museum of Fine Arts 1987.53. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 158 d) Tarentine stater. Photograph © Hirmer Archive. 158 Figure 2. a) Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, 81947. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 159 Figure 3. Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 81947. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 159 b) Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 81393. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 159 Figure 4. a) Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 81947. Photograph takne by T. H. Carpenter. 160 b) Toledo (OH), Museum of Art, 1994.19. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 160 b) Boston (MA), Museum of Fine Arts 1900.03.804. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 161 Figure 5. a) Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 81934. Photograph taken by T. H. Carpenter. 161 Figure 6. a–b) Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 81934. Photographs taken by T. H. Carpenter. 162 Figure 7. a–c) Boston (MA), Museum of Fine Arts, 1989.100. Photographs taken by T. H. Carpenter. 162 Visual Identities: Attic and Corinthian Vase-Inscriptions and the Significance of their Placement 165 Chapter Eight 167 Instant Messaging: Dance, Text, and Visual Communication 167 on Archaic Corinthian and Athenian Vases* 167 Tyler Jo Smith 167 Chapter Nine 187 Tracing Letters on the Eurymedon Vase: 187 On the Importance of Placement of Vase-Inscriptions 187 Georg Simon Gerleigner 187 Chapter Ten 207 Sophilos, Inscriptions, and the Funeral Games for Patroklos 207 Mary Moore 207 Index 225 Chapter Eight 167 Figure 1. Corinth, Archaeological Museum C-54-1. Drawing: D. Weiss, after Boardman EGVP, fig. 363.2. 171 Figure 2. Paris, Louvre CA 3004. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. 171 Figure 3. Detail of Figure 2. Drawing: D. Weiss, after LSAG, pl. 19, fig. 14b. 172 Figure 4. London, British Museum 1884.0804.9 (B 41). Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 174 Figure 5. Munich, Antikensammlungen 1431. Photograph courtesy Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München. 175 Figure 6. Stanford University, Cantor Arts Center 1961.66. Photograph courtesy Cantor Arts Center. 177 Figure 7. Detail of Figure 6. Photograph courtesy Cantor Arts Center. 178 Figure 8. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 1978.11.21. © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image source: Art Resource, NY. 180 Figure 9. Washington, DC, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History 136380. Photograph courtesy National Museum of Natural History. 181 Figure 10. London, British Museum 1864.1007.205 (E 26). Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 182 Figure 11a–b. London, British Museum 1836.0224.114 (E 37). Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 184 Chapter Nine 187 Figure 1. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 188 Figure 2. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 189 Figure 3. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 191 Figure 4. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 193 Figure 5. Drawing: Philipp Kobusch. Reproduced with kind permission. 194 Figure 6. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 194 Figure 7. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 195 Figure 8. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 195 Figure 10. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 196 Figure 9. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 196 Figure 11. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 197 Figure 12. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 197 Figure 13. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 198 Figure 14. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 198 Figure 15. Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg Inv. 1981.173. Photograph courtesy Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg. 199 Chapter Ten 207 Figure 1. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 1002. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. Photographer: Ioannis Patrikianos. 208 Figure 3. Detail of Figure 2. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. Photographer: Ioannis Patrikianos. 210 Figure 4. Detail of Figure 2. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. Photographer: Ioannis Patrikianos. 211 Figure 5. Florence, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 4209. Photograph © Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence. 212 Figure 6. Detail of Figure 5. Photograph © Museo Archeologico Nazionale, 215 Figure 7. Drawing: Mary Moore. 215 Florence. 215 Figure 8. London, British Museum 1971.1101.1. Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 219 Figure 9. Detail of Figure 8. Photograph courtesy the British Museum, © British Museum. 220 Figure 10. Athens, National Archaeological Museum, Acropolis Collection 15165 (ex Acr. 587). Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. Photographer: Konstantinos Xenikakis. 221 Figure 11. Athens, National Archaeological Museum, Acropolis Collection 15165 (ex Acr. 587), fragment 9. Photograph courtesy the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/Archaeological Receipts Fund. Photographer: Konstantino 222 Ancient Greek vase-paintings,vase inscriptions,ancient Greek epigraphy,classical art Ancient Greek vase-paintings offer broad-ranging and unprecedented early perspectives on the often intricate interplay of images and texts. By bringing together, for the first time, an international group of leading scholars in classical art and archaeology who have worked on vase-inscriptions, this book investigates both epigraphic technicalities of Attic and non-Attic inscriptions, and their broader, iconographic and sociocultural, significance. The ten chapters in this book propose original and expert methodological approaches to the study of vase-inscriptions and vase-paintings, while also foregrounding the outstanding but not fully examined importance of the area of vase-inscriptions for current research on ancient Greek visual representations