Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism 7 (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book 463)

Prior to the start of the eighth meeting, I had the good sense to ask Professor Rosa Angela Canuto of Turin, Italy if she would help me organize the ninth meeting. She quickly suggested that both she and Dr. Guiliana Muzio, also of Turin, help plan the meet­ ing. Each of our previous eight meetings was a unique experience for the participants. The science was always outstanding and the presentations and discussions were excellent. By moving each meeting to a different part of the world we were able to experience exciting foods and cultural aspects of the world in addition to the science. The ninth meeting was no exception. We met from June 18 to 22 in the small mountain city of Varallo, Italy, the birth place of Dr. Canuto. Holding the scientific sessions in a several-hundred-year-old converted mansion and having an afternoon trip to either Lago Maggiore or Monte Rosa made some aspects of this meeting extremely memorable. An additional unique aspect of the social portion of the meeting was our ability to invite the townspeople to share with us a concert performed in an old church. Though the social and cultural aspects of the meeting were outstanding, the pur­ pose of the meeting was to exchange scientific information about the status of the three enzyme systems. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Big Book of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Sequences....Pages 1-7 Reaction-Chemistry-Directed Sequence Alignment of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases....Pages 9-14 Three-Dimensional Structure of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 15-25 A Structural Explanation for the Retinal Specificity of Class 1 ALDH Enzymes....Pages 27-38 Structure and Function of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 39-44 Evaluation of the Roles of the Conserved Residues of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 45-52 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Catalytic Mechanism....Pages 53-59 Inhibition of Human Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by Metabolites of Disulfiram and Structural Characterization of the Enzyme Adduct by HPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry....Pages 61-70 Mechanism of Inhibition of Rat Liver Class 2 ALDH by 4-Hydroxynonenal....Pages 71-77 Aldehyde Inhibitors of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases....Pages 79-87 Covalent Modification of Sheep Liver Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by the Oxidative Addition of Coloured Phenoxazine, Phenothiazine and Phenazine Derivatives....Pages 89-96 A Thioester Analogue of an Amino Acetylenic Aldehyde Is A Suicide Inhibitor of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and an Inducer of Apoptosis in Mouse Lymphoid Cells Overexpressing the bcl2 Gene....Pages 97-106 Reaction between Sheep Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and A Chromogenic ‘Reporter Group’ Reagent....Pages 107-113 Activity of the Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Promoter Is Influenced by the Balance between Activation by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 and Repression by Perosixome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ, Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor, and Apolipoprotein Regulatory Protein-1....Pages 115-121 α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Mediate Inducible Expression of Glutathione S -Transferase in Hepatoma Cells through Activation of the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)....Pages 123-131 Effect of Arachidonic Acid Alone or with Prooxidant on Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Hepatoma Cells....Pages 133-142 Prepubertal Regulation of the Rat Dioxin-Inducible Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3)....Pages 143-150 Effects of Tamoxifen and Toremifene on ALDH1 and ALDH3 in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Rat Liver....Pages 151-158 Negative Regulation of Rat Hepatic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3 by Glucocorticoids....Pages 159-164 Modulation of Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Expression....Pages 165-170 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Susceptibility of Hepatoma Cells to Lipid Peroxidation and Adaptation of ALDH 3C Activity to Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress....Pages 171-179 The Lack of AHD4 Induction by TCDD in Corneal Cells May Involve Tissue-Specific Regulatory Proteins....Pages 181-187 Human Corneal and Lens Aldehyde Dehydrogenases....Pages 189-198 The Role of Retinoid Metabolism by Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Differentiation of Cultured Neuronal Cells....Pages 199-204 Metabolism of Retinaldehyde by Human Liver and Kidney....Pages 205-211 The Hunt for A Retinal-Specific Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Sheep Liver....Pages 213-221 Cardiac Metabolism of Enals....Pages 223-229 Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde in Brain and the Possible Behavioral Consequences....Pages 231-236 Cloning and Expression of a cDNA Encoding a Constitutively Expressed Rat Liver Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 237-241 The Roles of Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ....Pages 243-247 Characterization of an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Fragment from Mung Bean ( Vigna Radiata ) Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 249-254 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Superfamily....Pages 255-263 Front Matter....Pages 265-265 Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Family....Pages 265-274 Dynamics in Alcohol Dehydrogenase Elucidated from Crystallographic Investigations....Pages 275-284 Studies on Variants of Alcohol Dehydrogenases and its Domains....Pages 285-293 Uncompetitive Inhibitors of Alcohol Dehydrogenases....Pages 295-303 Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Related Biomolecules....Pages 305-310 Function of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Families in Retinoid Signaling....Pages 311-319 Primary Role of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Pathway in Acute Ethanol-Induced Impairment of Protein Kinase C-Dependent Signaling System....Pages 321-330 Class II Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 331-338 Front Matter....Pages 265-265 Zinc Binding Characteristics of the Synthetic Peptide Corresponding to the Structural Zinc Site of Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 339-342 Amphibian Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 343-350 Extracellular Acidification: A Novel Detection System for Ligand/Receptor Interactions....Pages 351-358 Front Matter....Pages 359-359 Multiplicity and Complexity of SDR and MDR Enzymes....Pages 359-364 Regulatory Factors and Motifs in SDR Enzymes....Pages 365-371 Bioinformatics in Studies of SDR and MDR Enzymes....Pages 373-377 The Protective Role of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Carbonyl Reductase Against Tobacco-Smoke Related Lung Cancer....Pages 379-387 Structure-Function Relationships of 3ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases Involved in Bile Acid Metabolism....Pages 389-394 Cloning and Sequencing of a New Comamonas Testosteroni Gene Encoding 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Carbonyl Reductase....Pages 395-402 Comparative Properties of Three Pteridine Reductases....Pages 403-410 Effect of Androgen Structures on the Inhibition of Metyraponeinreductase in Rat, Mouse, and Human Liver....Pages 411-418 Front Matter....Pages 419-419 Physiological Relevance of Aldehyde Reductase and Aldose Reductase Gene Expression....Pages 419-426 The Aldo-Keto Reductases and their Role in Cancer....Pages 427-434 Structure-Function Studies of FR-1....Pages 435-443 4-Hydroxynonenal Metabolism by Aldo/Keto Reductase in Hepatoma Cells....Pages 445-452 Interconversion Pathways of Aldose Reductase Induced by Thiol Compounds....Pages 453-458 Aldo-Keto Reductases in Norepinephrine Metabolism....Pages 459-463 Rotamers of Tolrestat and Their Binding Mode to Aldose Reductase....Pages 465-472 Stereoselective High-Affinity Reduction of Ketonic Nortriptyline Metabolites and of Ketotifen by Aldo-Keto Reductases from Human Liver....Pages 473-480 Formation of Lens Aldose Reductase Mixed Disulfides with GSH by UV Irradiation and Its Proteolysis by Lens Calpain....Pages 481-486 Front Matter....Pages 419-419 Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Gossypol and Gossypol-Related Compounds....Pages 487-492 Inhibition of Human Aldose and Aldehyde Reductases by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs....Pages 493-499 Regulation of Aldose Reductase by Aldehydes and Nitric Oxide....Pages 501-507 The Cytotoxicity of Methylglyoxal and 3-Deoxyglucosone Is Decreased in the Aldehyde Reductase Gene-Transfected Cells....Pages 509-515 Enzymes Metabolizing Aldehydes in HL-60 Human Leukemic Cells....Pages 517-522 Rat Carbonyl Reductase....Pages 523-527 Cytostatic Drug Resistance....Pages 529-538 Expression of mRNAs for Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase Isoforms in Human Tissues....Pages 539-544 Alterations in the Expression of Daunorubicin Phase-I Metabolising Enzymes in Different Carcinoma Cell Lines....Pages 545-551 Back Matter....Pages 553-555 This volume contains up-to-date information on aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, short- and medium-chain dehydrogenase, and reductases. Sixty-nine contributions provide a wide variety of information on enzymology, molecular biology, and metabolic aspects of these carbonyl metabolizing oxido-reductases. Much new information is provided, including previously unreported three-dimensional structures of enzymes and new aspects of gene regulation, along with sequence alignments, metabolism and enzyme mechanisms.

Disc. aldehyde & al- cohol dehydrogenase; short & medium chains; reductases.