Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism 4

The Sixth International Workshop on the Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism was held outside of Dublin, Ireland at the end of June, 1992. Prof. Keith Tipton, Chairman of the Biochemistry Department at Trinity College, kindly agreed to host the meeting. On behalf of all of us who attended I wish to extend our sincere thanks to the whole Tipton family for making us feel so welcome in Ireland. It has been a decade since the frrst workshop was held in Bern, Switzerland. The scope of the meetings reflected somewhat the changes that have occurred in biochemistry during the past decade. At the first meeting primarily enzymes and their properties were discussed. At this last meeting many of the talks centered on gene regulation as well as more traditional aspects of enzymology and metabolism. During the past decade site directed mutagenesis to probe for the active site of an enzyme has become part of traditional enzymology; this was virtually unheard of at our frrst meeting. Many of the presenters now used this tool to study some aspect of structure and function of one of the three carbonyl metabolizing enzymes. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Aldehyde Dehydrogenases — The 1992 Perspective....Pages 1-4 Metabolic Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 5-15 Effects of Aldehyde Products of Lipid Peroxidation on the Activity of Aldehyde Metabolizing Enzymes in Hepatomas....Pages 17-25 Metabolic Interactions of 4-Hydroxynonenal, Acetaldehyde and Glutathione in Isolated Liver Mitochondria....Pages 27-36 Biological Role of Human Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehygrogenase 1: Hormonal Response, Retinal Oxidation and Implication in Testicular Feminization....Pages 37-44 Human Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome....Pages 45-50 The use of Immortalized Mouse L1210/OAP Cells Established in Culture to Study the Major Class 1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes in Intact Cells....Pages 51-62 Enhanced Transcription of the Cytosolic ALDH Gene in Cyclophosphamide Resistant Human Carcinoma Cells....Pages 63-72 Attempts to Increase the Expression of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in E. coli by Altering the mRNA....Pages 73-79 Preliminary Characterization of the Rat Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene....Pages 81-86 Human High-K m , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3): Molecular, Kinetic and Structural Features....Pages 87-98 Overexpression or Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Mediated Induction of an Apparently Novel Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells and its Relationship to Oxazaphosphorine-Specific Acquired Resistance....Pages 99-113 Tumor-Associated Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3): Expression in Diffrent Human Tumor Cell Lines with and without Treatment with 3-Methylcholanthrene....Pages 115-122 Sexual Differentiation in the Induction of the Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 123-129 Mouse Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Expression....Pages 131-139 Human Stomach Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, ALDH3....Pages 141-152 Bovine Corneal Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Evidence for Multiple Gene Products (ALDH3 and ALDHX)....Pages 153-157 Carbonyl-Metabolizing Enzymes and Their Relatives Recruited as Structural Proteins in the Eye Lens....Pages 159-168 Members of the ALDH Gene Family are Lens and Corneal Crystallins....Pages 169-179 Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Retina....Pages 181-190 Human Liver High Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH4): Properties and Structural Relationship to the Glutamic γ-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 191-197 Effect of Some Compounds Related to Disulfiram on Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Vitro and in Vivo ....Pages 199-209 Photoaffinity Labeling of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Horse Liver by P 1 -N 6 -(4-Azidophenylethyl)adenosine-P 2 -[4-(3-Azidopyridinio)Butyl] Diphosphate....Pages 211-219 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Aldehyde Dehydrogenation and Ester Hydrolysis....Pages 221-231 Is the Single Site Binding Model for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase an Oversimplification? The One-Site, Two-Site Debate Revisited....Pages 233-244 Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Analysis of Bovine Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Human Glutathione-Dependent Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 245-250 The Aldo-Keto Reductases: an Overview....Pages 251-257 Location of an Essential Arginine Residue in the Primary Structure of Pig Aldose Reductase....Pages 259-265 CYS 298 is Responsible for Reversible Thiol-Induced Variation in Aldose Reductase Activity....Pages 267-277 Substrate Specificity of Reduced and Oxidized Forms of Human Aldose Reductase....Pages 279-288 Kinetic Alteration of Human Aldose Reductase by Mutagenesis of Cysteine Residues....Pages 289-300 Inhibition of Aldose Reductase By (2, 6-Dimethylphenylsulphonyl)Nitromethane: Possible Implications for the Nature of an Inhibitor Binding Site and A Cause of Biphasic Kinetics....Pages 301-311 Sepiapterin Reductase and ALR2 (“Aldose Reductase”) from Bovine Brain....Pages 313-324 Polymorphisms of the Aldose Reductase Locus (ALR2) and Susceptibility to Diabetic Microvascular Complications....Pages 325-332 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenolic Antioxidants do not Significantly Induce Carbonyl Reductase in Human Cell Lines....Pages 333-337 The Purification and Properties of a Novel Carbonyl Reducing Enzyme from Mouse Liver Microsomes....Pages 339-350 Properties and Stereoselectivity of Carbonyl Reductases Involved in the Ketone Reduction of Warfarin and Analogues....Pages 351-360 Activation of Pulmonary Carbonyl Reductase by Aromatic Amines and Pyridine Ring-Containing Compounds....Pages 361-370 Unique Dihydrodiol Specific Dehydrogenase of Bovine Liver: Inhibition Studies and Comparison with Aldo/Keto Reductase....Pages 371-377 Carbonyl Reduction by 3α-HSD from Comamonas Testosteroni — New Properties and its Relationship to the SCAD Family....Pages 379-390 Substrate Specificity of Alcohol Dehydrogenases....Pages 391-400 The Influence of pH on the Substrate Specificity and Stereoselectivity of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Horse Liver....Pages 401-410 The Catalytic Specificity of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Vitamin A Alcohol and Vitamin A Aldehyde Activities....Pages 411-418 A Synthetic Approach to Analysis of the Structural Zinc Site of Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 419-428 Kinetics of A Glycine for Arg-47 Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutant Can be Explained by Lys-228 Recruitment into the Pyrophosphate Binding Site....Pages 429-437 Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Mammalian Alcohol and Sorbitol Dehydrogenases Map Functional Differences within the Enzyme Family....Pages 439-450 Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase — S — Isozyme: Confirmation of the Primary Structure by Protein Sequencing and Ion Spray Mass Spectrometry....Pages 451-455 Mixed Substrate Experiments with Class III (χ) Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Human and Pig Liver and Stomach....Pages 457-464 Glutathione-Dependent Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase/Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Further Characterization of the Rat Liver Enzyme....Pages 465-474 Class IV Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Structure and Function....Pages 475-480 The Oxidation of Aldehydes by Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 481-491 Effect of Glycation Upon Activity of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 493-500 Kinetically Specific Spin-Label Substrates of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase and of Liver Aldehyde Dehydrogenase....Pages 501-512 Fluorescence Studies of Ternary Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase....Pages 513-521 Evolutionary Relationships of Branched Chain and Non-specific Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases....Pages 523-531 Enzyme and Isozyme Developments within the Medium-Chain Alcohol Dehydrogenase Family....Pages 533-544 Tissue Distribution of Alcohol and Sorbitol Dehydrogenase mRNAs....Pages 545-553 The Role of Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases In Alcohol-Related Diseases: Clinical Studies of Molecular Markers....Pages 555-560 Regulation of the Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes ADH1 , ADH2 and ADH3 : Differences in Cis -Acting Sequences At CTF/NF-I Sites....Pages 561-570 DNA Elements Mediating Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Expression....Pages 571-580 Modulation of Hepatic and Renal Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity and mRNA By Steroid Hormones in Vivo....Pages 581-589 Alcohol- and Aldehyde-Dehydrogenase: Modulation By Biogenic Amine Metabolites, Neuropeptides and Psychoactive Agents....Pages 591-603 Microbial Alcohol, Aldehyde and Formate Ester Oxidoreductases....Pages 605-620 Carbonyl Metabolising Enzymes in Alkane-Grown Microorganisms....Pages 621-630 Back Matter....Pages 631-637 The continuation of an annual series, Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism is the largest collection of articles on the three major gene families. The scope of the chapters, contributed by leading international scientists, is wide and covers gene regulation to enzyme mechanisms and protein structure. This is the only publication dealing in such depth with just three gene families. It is an important reference for researchers in toxicology and molecular biology.