Envisioning machine translation in the information future : 4th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA 2000, Cuernavaca, Mexico, October 10-14, 2000 : proceedings

The New Drive Toward Transparency, and How to Make Full and Open Disclosure Beneficial to Your OrganizationThe concept of transparency in today's instant-access global business environment is as fluid and flexible as business itself. What is Transparency? provides you with an impartial look at this increasingly vital imperative, along with guidelines for understanding and practicing transparency in business, government, and more.Far-reaching in its coverage yet specific and hands-on in its approach, this latest addition to McGraw-Hill's popular What is... series will give you a firm foundation of knowledge in just a single evening's reading. Topics explored include: \* The New Transparency Imperative — How the public's growing right-to-know demands are impacting organizational operations and performance \* Transparency Best Practices — From Carmax to the Chilean government, detailed examples of today's most successful transparency initiatives \* Making Transparency Profitable — Programs and processes for designing and implementing transparency programs that pay real dividends Today's most proactive organizations are realizing the necessity of adopting a top-to-bottom attitude of total transparency. What is Transparency? explains how to turn the act of full disclosure from a negative into a positive, and outlines ways in which organizations can use transparency as a competitive advantage — and a powerful driver of shareholder value. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence......Page 1 Springer......Page 2 Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future......Page 3 Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future......Page 5 Technical Papers......Page 7 System Descriptions......Page 8 User Studies......Page 9 Ontological Semantics......Page 10 A Gentle Introduction to MT: Theory and Current Practice......Page 11 Statistical Machine Translation......Page 12 MTranslatability......Page 14 Introduction......Page 19 Multilingual Applications......Page 21 Mapping Between Chinese HowNet and English EVCA......Page 22 EVCA Gaps......Page 24 Optilex Gaps......Page 25 Results......Page 26 Summary and Future Work......Page 27 References......Page 29 Introduction......Page 31 Overview......Page 33 MT-Based Re-ranking Method......Page 34 Methodology......Page 36 Evaluation of Query Translation Methods......Page 37 Evaluation of the MT-Based Re-ranking Method......Page 39 Conclusion......Page 40 References......Page 41 Overview......Page 43 Translating Web Pages......Page 44 Next Steps......Page 45 References......Page 46 Introduction......Page 48 Background......Page 49 Source Parallel Texts......Page 50 Generating Candidate Correspondence Points......Page 51 Eliminating Extreme Points......Page 52 Linear Regression Line Confidence Bands......Page 53 Extracting Translation Equivalents......Page 54 Evaluation......Page 55 Acknowledgements......Page 56 References......Page 57 Introduction......Page 58 Some Linguistic Issues in Korean/English Machine Translation......Page 59 Overview of the System......Page 60 Conversion Rules......Page 62 Transfer Lexicon......Page 65 Argument Recovery Rules......Page 67 Coverage......Page 69 Conclusion......Page 70 References......Page 71 Introduction......Page 72 Effort and Shape......Page 74 ASL Phonology......Page 75 ASL Morphology......Page 77 Synchronous Grammar......Page 78 Grammar Patterns......Page 79 Conclusion and Future Work......Page 83 References......Page 84 Research Context......Page 86 Motivation......Page 89 Oxygen......Page 90 OxyL Basic Tokens......Page 91 Oxyl File......Page 92 Oxyl Target Language Grammar......Page 93 Evaluation......Page 95 Future Work......Page 96 References......Page 97 Introduction......Page 98 Overview of IST Architecture......Page 99 Preprocessing......Page 100 Non-contextual Features Extraction......Page 101 Test Filters......Page 102 Occurrence Filters......Page 103 Example......Page 104 Acknowledgments......Page 105 References......Page 106 Introduction......Page 107 Segmentation and Tokenization......Page 110 Lexical and Morphological Analysis......Page 111 Process of Syntactic Analysis......Page 112 Time and Space......Page 113 Training with Regression Analysis......Page 114 TCI Testing and Comparison of Regression Training and Hand-Tuning......Page 115 Conclusion......Page 116 References......Page 117 Introduction......Page 118 Types of MT Evaluation......Page 119 Feasibility Evaluation......Page 120 Declarative Evaluation......Page 121 Operational Evaluation......Page 123 Conclusion......Page 125 References......Page 126 Introduction......Page 127 Overview of MTE Research......Page 128 Models of Language Learner Evaluation......Page 129 Experimental Design......Page 131 References......Page 133 Introduction......Page 135 Derivation of Translation Memories......Page 138 Composition Strategy......Page 140 Evaluation......Page 142 Conclusions......Page 143 References......Page 144 Introduction......Page 145 Invertible Bilingual Grammars......Page 146 Invertible Alignment......Page 147 An Alignment Example......Page 149 A Translation Experiment......Page 151 Discussion......Page 152 Conclusion......Page 153 References......Page 154 Introduction......Page 155 The Limitations of Current TM Systems......Page 156 Kinds of Equivalence......Page 159 Inflection......Page 160 Named Entities......Page 161 The Suprasentential Level......Page 162 Conclusions......Page 163 References......Page 164 Introduction......Page 165 Polish Motion Verbs in the Domain of Weather Forecasts......Page 166 Conceptualization of the Subjects of the Polish Motion, Appearance, and Existence Verbs......Page 167 Testing the Lexical Representations of “Weather Forecast Verbs” in Other Textual Domains......Page 170 Conclusions and Further Research......Page 172 References......Page 173 Introduction......Page 176 The Object of Study; The Parallel Texts......Page 177 Aligning Words......Page 178 Single and Multi-word Units......Page 179 Cognate Aligning in Scandinavian Texts......Page 180 High-Frequency and Low-Frequency Words in Translation......Page 182 References......Page 185 Introduction......Page 187 System Architecture......Page 188 Input Characteristics......Page 189 Verb Mood, Tense and Aspect......Page 190 Modals......Page 192 Time and Location Modifiers......Page 194 References......Page 196 Introduction......Page 197 Background......Page 198 TMR Construction......Page 199 Interpretation as Filling in Empty Feature Values......Page 202 Interpretation as Filling New Feature Value Slots in an Extended TMR......Page 203 Interpretation as Chains of Inferences between Feature Value Slots......Page 204 Conclusion......Page 205 References......Page 206 Bidirectional EnglishArabic Machine Translation Engine......Page 207 The Search Engine Query Interceptor......Page 209 Introduction......Page 210 KANTOO Modules......Page 211 Knowledge Update in KANTOO......Page 212 References......Page 213 Introduction......Page 214 The Pacific Rim Portable Translator......Page 215 CJK OCR Integration......Page 217 Notes......Page 218 Acknowledgments......Page 219 Purpose of the System......Page 220 Feature Set......Page 221 Introduction......Page 222 Input......Page 223 Processing......Page 225 Conclusion......Page 226 Dictionary......Page 227 Syntactic Information in the Dictionary......Page 228 Grammar......Page 229 Using the Toolkit......Page 231 Document Alignment Tool......Page 232 Multi-word Lexeme Tool......Page 233 Translation Association Tool......Page 234 Word Sense Disambiguation from Word Context......Page 235 References......Page 236 System Requirements......Page 237 For Dictionary Coders and Trainers......Page 238 Acknowledgements......Page 240 Introduction......Page 241 Types of Documentation......Page 242 Types of User......Page 243 Level......Page 244 Quality......Page 248 Completeness......Page 252 Conclusion......Page 255 References......Page 256 Introduction......Page 257 System Design......Page 258 User Comments on Falcon in International Missions......Page 259 Opinion Surveys of Falcon in Domestic Field Exercises......Page 261 The Fort Bragg Exercise......Page 262 The Fort Gordon Exercise......Page 263 Inferences about Embedded MT......Page 264 References......Page 265 E-Tran: English-Korean MT System......Page 266 K-Tran: Korean-English MT System......Page 267 JK-Tran: Japanese-Korean MT System......Page 268 References......Page 269 Author Index......Page 270 Envisioning Machine Translation In The Information Future When The Organizing Committee Of Amta-2000 Began Planning, It Was In That Brief Moment In History When We Were Absorbed In Contemplation Of The Passing Of The Century And The Millennium. Nearly Everyone Was Comparing Lists Of The Most Important Accomplishments And People Of The Last 10, 100, Or 1000 Years, Imagining The Radical Changes Likely Over Just The Next Few Years, And At Least Mildly Anxious About The Potential Y2k Apocalypse. The Millennial Theme For The Conference, “envisioning Mt In The Information Future,” Arose From This Period. The Year 2000 Has Now Come, And Nothing Terrible Has Happened (yet) To Our Electronic Infrastructure. Our Musings About Great People And Events Probably Did Not Ennoble Us Much, And Whatever Sense Of Jubilee We Held Has Since Dissipated. So It May Seem A Bit Obsolete Or Anachronistic To Cast This Amta Conference Into Visionary Themes. Technical Papers -- Building A Chinese-english Mapping Between Verb Concepts For Multilingual Applications / Bonnie J. Dorr, Gina-anne Levow, And Dekang Lin -- Applying Machine Translation To Two-stage Cross-language Information Retrieval / Atsushi Fujii And Tetsuya Ishikawa -- Mixed-intiative Translation Of Web Pages / Michael Fleming And Robin Cohen -- Self-learning Method Of Parallel Texts Alignment / António Ribeiro, Gabriel Lopes, And João Mexia -- Handling Structural Divergebces And Recovering Dropped Arguments In A Korean/english Machine Translation System / Chung-hye Han [and Others] -- Machine Translation System Form English To American Sign Language / Liwei Zhao [and Others] -- Oxygen: A Language Independent Linearization Engine / Nizar Habash -- Information Structure Transfer: Bridging The Information Gap In Structurally Different Languages / Margo Budzikowska -- Effect Of Source Analysis On Translation Confidence / Arendse Bernth And Michael C. Mccord -- Contemplating Automatic Mt Evaluation / John S. White -- How Are You Doing? A Look At Mt Evaluation / Michelle Vanni And Florence Reeder -- Recycling Annotated Parallel Cprpora For Bilingual Document Composition / Arantza Casillas, Joseba Abaitua, And Raquel Martínez -- Combining Invertible Example-based Machine Translation With Translation Memoru Technology / Michael Carl -- What's Been Forgotten In Translation Theory / Elliot Macklovitch And Graham Russell -- Understanding Politics By Studing Weather: A Cognitive To Representation Of Polish Verbs Of Motion, Appearance, And Existence / Barbara Gawronska And Hanna Duczak -- Small But Efficient: The Misconception Of High-frequency Words In Scandinavian Translation / Pernilla Danielsson And Katarina Mühlenbock -- Challenges In Adapting An Interlingua For Bidirectional English-italian Translation / Violetta Cavalli-sforza [and Others] -- Text Meaning Representation As A Basis For Representation Of Text Interpretation / Stephen Helmreich And David Farwell -- System Descriptions -- Mt-based Transparent Arabization Of The Internet Tarjim.com / Achaft Chalabi -- Kantoo Machine Translation Environment / Eric Nyberg And Teruko Mitamura -- Pacific Rim Portable Translator / John Weisgerber, Jin Yang, And Pete Fisher -- Labeltool: A Localization Appliation For Devices With Restricted Display Areas / Jimmy C.m. Lu, Lars Åkerman, And Karin Spalink -- Logo Vista Es Translation System / Nan Decker -- L & H Lexicography Toolkit For Machine Translation / Timothy Meekhof And David Clements -- New Look For The Paho Mt System / Marjorie León -- User Studies -- Is Mt Software Documentation Appropriate For My User? / David Mowatt And Harold Somers -- Evaluating Embedded Machine Translation In Military Field Exercises / M. Holland, C. Schlesiger, And C. Tate -- Machine Translation Systems: E-k, K-e, J-k, K-j / Yu Seop Kim [and Others]. John S. White, (ed.). Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Concept Of Transparency In Today's Instant-access Global Business Environment Is As Fluid And Flexible As Business Itself. What Is Transparency? Provides You With An Impartial Look At The Increasingly Vital Imperative, Along With Guidelines For Understanding And Practicing Transparency In Business, Government, And More.--jacket. Transparency : Setting Sights On A Moving Target -- The Opacity Spiral : Defiance, Disclosure, And Destruction -- The Transparency Imperative -- Transparency : Top Down And Bottom Up! -- Watchdogs, Whistleblowers, And The Transparency Police -- Transparency : Guiding Light For The Globe -- Best Practice : Reaping Transparency's Rewards -- Transparency In Action : Strategy And Execution. Richard W. Oliver. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 79-84). Annotation This book constitutes the referred proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA 2000, held in Cuernavaca, Mexico in October 2000. The 18 technical papers, seven system descriptions, and three user studies presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. All current issues of machine translations, ranging from theoretical and foundational issues to systems evaluation and case studies, are addressed What Is Transparency? defines the concept of openness in every area of business, explaining its role in our global economy and revealing how transparency can be leveraged to give companies a competitive edge. Advantages include: Giving shareholders confidence in their company's profits Open, accessible leaders who promote loyalty and productivity Clearly defined policies, and goals that make a department run smoothly The concept of transparency in the global business environment is as fluid and flexible as business itself. This book provides you with an impartial look at this increasingly vital imperative, along with guidelines for understanding and practicing transparency in several sectors including business and government. Transparency is the reason the global economy exists and functions so efficiently. This work shows that investors need to "see through" the information to test the validity of the potential investment's strategy, financial and market assumptions, and past performance Proceedings of the 4th Conference on the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA 2000, held in Cuernavaca, Mexico, October 10-14, 2000. Contains technical papers and system descriptions of machine translation environments. Softcover.