[Environmental Science and Engineering] Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019) (Volume II: Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System) ||

Committees Conference Organizing Committee PresidentProf. Zhaojun Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaTechnical Program ChairProf. Jing Liu, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaAdvisory ChairProf. Yingxin Zhu, Tsinghua University, ChinaSecretary-GeneralPeng Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaMembersFang Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaChao Shen, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaJiankai Dong, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaYanling Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaZhigang Zhou, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaHaiyan Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaXiumei Bai, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaStudent MembersYuchen Ji, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaQingwen Xue, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaXiaowen Su, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaSubei Bu, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaXin Chen, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaJing Du, Harbin Institute of Technology, China International Advisory Committee International Scientific Committee Organization Organized byHost and OrganizerCo-organizer Supported by List of Plenary Lectures Preface Contents 1 An Experimental Study on the Energy Use during a TES-Based Reverse Cycle Defrosting Method for Cascade Air Source Heat Pumps Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Prototype and Procedures 2.1 Experimental Prototype 2.2 Experimental Condition and Procedures 2.3 Data Reductions 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Heat Consumptions 3.2 Heat Supplies 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 2 Heating Method and Heat Recovery Potential Prediction of Underground Railway Station Using Waste Heat from Equipment Room Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 2.1 Calculating Model of Waste Heat and Heating Load in Metro Station 2.2 Model of Water-Cooled Multi-connected Refrigeration System 2.3 Model of Hot-Air Curtain 3 Optimum Temperature of Loop Water 4 Analysis and Prediction of System Performance 4.1 Variation of Auxiliary Heating Load H with tw 4.2 Variation of Q, Qa, and Hmax with t0 4.3 Variation of EERr max and Rr (Qr’s Proportion in Q) with t0 4.4 Variation of EERe with tw and t0 4.5 Prediction of Recovery Potential on Waste Heat 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 3 Parametric Analysis and Exergy Analysis for a New Cogeneration System Based on Ejector Heat Pump Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Cycle Description and Assumptions 3 Results 3.1 Parametric Analysis 3.2 Exergy Analysis 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 4 Modeling Method of Heat Pump System Based on Recurrent Neural Network Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Data Collection 2.2 Recurrent Neural Network 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Training Result 3.2 Application of Network Model on Heat Pump System 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 5 Experimental Study on the Influence of Uniformity Liquid Distribution on the Flow Pattern Conversion of Horizontal Tube Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Experiment System 2.2 Test Section 2.3 Uncertainty Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Experimental Results 3.2 Comparison with Existing Semi-empirical Models 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 6 Analysis of the Influence of Atomization Characteristics on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Spray Cooling Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Equipments and Methods 2.1 Bench Construction 2.2 PIV System Introduction 2.3 Heat Flux Measurement and Data Acquisition Instrument 2.4 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Flow Rate Change on Atomization State and Heat Transfer Performance 3.2 Effect of Nozzle Pore Size Variation on Atomization State and Heat Transfer Performance 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 7 Research of Personalized Heating by Radiant Floor Panels in Hot Summer–Cold Winter Area Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Environment 2.2 Experimental Procedures 2.3 Questionnaire 2.4 Numerical Simulations 3 Results 3.1 Local Thermal Sensation Comparison for Different Parts 3.2 Local Thermal Sensation Comparison 3.3 Numerical Simulations 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References 8 Passive Thermal Protections of Smoke Exhaust Fans for a High-Temperature Heat Source Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Physical Model 2.2 Simulation Content and Method 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 9 Investigation on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane-Based Electrochemical Dehumidification with Photoelectro-Catalyst Anode for Air-Conditioning Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Preparation of the Catalysts 2.2 Test Method of Water Photolysis Performance 3 Results 3.1 Characterization of the Catalysts 3.2 Photocatalytic Decomposition of Liquid Water 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 10 Characteristics of a Natural Heat Transfer Air-Conditioning Terminal Device for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings Abstract 1 First Section 2 Experiment Setup 3 Test Results and Analysis 3.1 Test Results and Analysis Under Heating Mode 3.2 Test Results and Analysis Under Cooling Mode 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 11 Study on Independent Air Conditioning System Based on the Temperature and Humidity of Rotary Dehumidifier and Heat Pipe Abstract 1 Introduction 2 System Scheme and Working Principle 3 Thermal Calculation of the System 3.1 Thermodynamic Calculation of the Rotary Dehumidifier 3.2 Thermal Calculation of Heat Pipe 3.3 Performance Indicators of the System 4 Case Analysis 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 12 The Influence Factors and Performance Optimization Analysis of the Total Heat Exchanger Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Establishment of Physical Model 2.2 Computational Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 13 On-Site Operation Performance Investigation of Nocturnal Cooling Radiator for Heat Radiation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The NCR Test Rig 2.1 The NCR 2.2 The Auxiliary Equipments 3 Test Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 14 Simulative Investigation of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System with Spiral Coil Energy Piles Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model Establishment of Energy Pile 2.1 Temperature Response to the Spiral Heat Source 2.2 Temperature Response of Pipe Wall 2.3 Temperature Response of Circulating Water 3 Model Establishment of Heat Pump Unit 4 Results 4.1 Field Temperature Response to the Sample Spiral Coil Energy Pile 4.2 Operation Parameters of the Sample Spiral Coil Energy Pile 4.3 Performances of the Heat Pump Unit 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 15 A Developed CRMC Design Method and Numerical Modeling for the Ejector Component in the Steam Jet Heat Pumps Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Developed CRMC Model for Ejector Component 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 16 Working Fluid Selection and Thermodynamic Performance of the Steam Jet Large-Temperature-Drop Heat Exchange System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 SJHE System Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 System Application Scope and Working Fluid Selection 3.2 Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 17 Optimization Method of Reducing Return Water Temperature of Primary Heating Circuit Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Optimization Module 1-Single Exchanger in Parallel (Increase the Heat Transfer Area of the Plate Heat Exchanger) 2.2 Optimization Module 2-Two Exchangers in Series 2.3 Optimization Module 3-Two Exchangers in Parallel then in Series with the Third One 2.4 Optimization of Plate Heat Exchangers Combination in Heat Exchange Station 3 Results 4 Discussion References 18 Simulation Study on Nominal Heat Extraction of Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design Overview of Deep Borehole Heat Exchange 3 Simulation of Nominal Heat Extraction of Underground Heat Exchanger 3.1 Definition of Nominal Heat Extraction 3.2 Calculation of Nominal Heat Extraction 4 Results 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 19 Numerical Study of Data Center Composite Cooling System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Heat Pipe Technology 2.2 Analyzed Data Center 2.3 Model of Data Center 2.4 Governing Equations and Turbulence Model 2.5 Boundary Conditions Setting 2.6 Grid Generation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 20 Influence of Air Supply Outlet on Displacement Ventilation System for Relic Preservation Area in Archaeology Museum Abstract 1 Information 2 Experimental System and Method 2.1 Experimental System 2.2 Arrangement of the Measuring Points 2.3 Experimental Mode 3 Results 3.1 Outdoor Climate Conditions 3.2 Temperature and Humidity Distribution in Experimental Exhibition Hall 3.3 Air Velocity Distribution in Cultural relic Preservation Area 3.4 Balance Analysis of Soil–Air Coupled Preservation Environment 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 21 A Study on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)-Based Electrolytic Air Dehumidification for Sub-Zero Environment Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 22 Experimental Investigation on an Evaporative Cooling System for the Environmental Control in Archaeology Museum Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Moisture Transfer and Water Replenishing for Earthen Site 2.2 Experiment Set-up 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Temperature and RH Distributions at the Preservation Area 3.2 Water Recovery of the Earthen Site 3.3 Energy Consumption Analysis 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 23 Numerical Simulation of a Double-Layer Kang Based on Chimney Effect Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The Physical Model 2.2 Numerical Equations and Calculation Methods 2.2.1 The Governing Equations 2.2.2 Parameters and Boundary Definition 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Indoor Temperature and Outlet Velocity in Different Situations 3.2 The Streamlines and Temperature Contours 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 24 Analysis on Control Mechanism and Response Characteristics of Residential Thermostats in District Heating Systems Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Thermal Process Analysis 2.1 Convection-Radiation Ratio 2.2 Heat Transfer Between the Neighborhoods 2.3 Thermal Inertia of Heating System 3 Test Results 3.1 Room Temperature Response Rate 3.2 Thermal Inertia Effect in Time Domain 3.3 Radiator Surface Temperature Variation 3.4 Disturbance of Solar Radiation and Ventilation 4 Discussions 4.1 The Goal of Terminal Control 4.2 The Time Scale of Terminal Control 4.3 Coordinate of Terminal and Source Control 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 25 The Study on the Influence of the Containing Ice Ratio on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Ice Slurry in Coil Tubes Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Physical Model Establishment, Meshing and Boundary Condition Setting 2.1 Geometric Model and Mesh Generation 2.2 Boundary Condition Setting 2.3 Basic Assumptions 3 Simulation Results and Analysis 3.1 Influence of the Containing Ice Ratio on Flow Characteristics 3.2 Influence of the Containing Ice Ratio on the Distribution of Ice Particles in the Pipeline 3.3 Effect of the Containing Ice Ratio on Heat Exchange and Pressure Drop 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 26 Multivariable Linear Regression Model for Online Predictive Control of a Typical Chiller Plant System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Description of the Chiller Plant 2.2 Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR) and Model Development 2.3 Model Validation and Model Performance 2.4 Online Application of the MLR Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Performance of the Chiller Plant 3.2 Energy Consumption of the Chiller Plant 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 27 Applied Analysis of the Direct Cooling by Cooling Towers in Lanzhou Area Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Calculation 2.1 Principles and Equations 2.2 Results and Analysis 3 Practice 3.1 Project Overview 3.2 Operation and Analysis 4 Conclusions References 28 Experimental Investigation on Humidity-Sensitive Properties of Polyimide Film for Humidity Sensors Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Preparation of Polyimide Films 3 Test Facility for Effective Diffusion Coefficient 4 The Test Data and the Processing 4.1 The Calculation Equations of Effective Diffusion Coefficient 4.2 Ingredient Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property 4.3 Thickness Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property 4.4 Concentration Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property 4.5 Temperature Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements 29 Research of the Influence of Valve Position on Flow Measurement of Butterfly Valve with Differential Pressure Sensor Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 30 Analysis on Performance of Solar Novel Heat Pipes Radiant Heating System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Propose the Novel Heat Pipe 3 The Principle of Heat Pipe Heating System 4 Experimental Device 5 Results and Analysis 5.1 Thermal Effect of Heat Pipe Heating System 5.2 The Influence of the Number of Heat Pipes 5.3 Heat Transfer Effect of Heat Pipe Heating System 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 31 Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Air–Air Total Heat Exchanger with Plate-Fin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Establishment of Physical Model 2.2 Mathematical Model 2.3 Brief Description of Fluent Internal Setting 2.4 Verification of the Calculation Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of the Effect of Channel Height on Heat Exchanger Performance 3.2 The Influence of Inflow Angle on Heat Exchanger Performance When the Length of Counterflow Section Changes 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 32 Evaluation of Factors Toward Flow Distribution in the Dividing Manifold Systems with Parallel Pipe Arrays Using the Orthogonal Experiment Design Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Physical Model 2.2 Assumptions and CFD Numerical Simulation 3 Orthogonal Experiment Design 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Analysis of Range (ANORA) 4.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 33 Performance Studies of R134a-Dimethylformamide Absorption Refrigeration System for Utilizing Bus Exhaust Gas Based on Aspen Plus Software Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Cycle Description and Working Principles 2.2 Property Calculation Model 2.3 Simulation Model of Absorption Cycle 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 34 Study on Influence of Outdoor Airflow on Performance of Evaporative Cooling Composite Air-Conditioning System for Data Center Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Data Center Air-Conditioning System 3 System Mathematical Model 3.1 Evaporative Condenser Model 3.2 Finned Evaporator Model 3.3 Refrigerant Pump Model 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 4.1 Influence of Outdoor Airflow on Heat Pipe Performance 4.2 Influence of Outdoor Airflow on Vapor Compression Performance 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 35 Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Elliptical Tube Perforated Fins Heat Exchanger Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Solution 2.1 Physical Model and Boundary Conditions 2.2 Data Reductions 2.3 Model Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Temperature Field and Velocity Field 3.2 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics 3.3 Comprehensive Performance 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 36 Research on Cooling Effect of Data Center Cabinet Based on on-Demand Cooling Concept Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Working Principle of the Cabinet 2.1 Other Parameters 3 Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Influence of Air Intake 4.2 Influence of Air Inlet Temperature 4.3 Influence of the Structure of Cabinet 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 37 Analysis for Vibration Characteristics of Water Pump Piping System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Pipe Vibration Principle 2.1 Calculation of Reaction Force Rm Under Extreme Displacement 2.2 Acceleration Calculation of the Ultimate Vibration 2.3 Calculation of the Ultimate Vibration Displacement 2.4 Calculation of Natural Frequency 3 Brief Introduction of Pipeline System 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 4.1 Simulation Method 4.2 Simulation Process 4.3 Boundary Conditions 4.4 Node Number 4.5 Mode Shape Analysis 5 Test 6 Analysis 6.1 Analysis Between Calculations and Measurements 6.2 Analysis of Error 7 Optimized Methodology 7.1 Adjusting the Numbers of Hangers 7.2 Replacing Elbow with Tee 7.3 Decreasing the Number of Elbows 8 Conclusions References 38 Analysis on Transient Thermal Behaviors of the Novel Vapor Chamber Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Device 3 Temperature Rise at Start and Stop 4 Thermal Resistance Analysis 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 39 The Role of Cylinder Obstacles before Air Conditioning Filter in the Quenching of Flame Propagation during Their Gas Deflagration Production Process Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The Geometry Model and Meshing 2.2 The Mathematical Model 2.3 The Boundary Conditions and the Initial Conditions 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Effect of the Thickness of Reticulated Polyurethane on the Position of the Flame Front 3.2 The Effect of the Thickness of Reticulated Polyurethane on the Inhibition of Pressure Wave 3.3 The Effect of the Thickness of Reticulated Polyurethane on the Temperature Distribution of the Deflagration Process 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 40 An Association Rule-Based Online Data Analysis Method for Improving Building Energy Efficiency Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Stage 1: Offline Training 2.2 Stage 2: Online Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Data Source 3.2 Offline Training Results 3.3 Online Analysis Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 41 Numerical Study on Two-Phase Flow of Transcritical CO2 in Ejector Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Models 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 42 3D Numerical Simulation on Flow Field Characteristic Inside the Large-Scale Adjustable Blade Axial-Flow Fan Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Geometric Model 3 Numerical Model and Calculation Method 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 5 Conclusions References 43 A Study of Wet-Bulb Temperature and Approach Temperature Based Control Strategy of Water-Side Economizer Free-Cooling System for Data Center Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References 44 Effect of Adding Ambient Air Before Evaporating on Multi-stage Heat Pump Drying System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Mathematical Simulation 2.1 Introduction the Structure of Multi-stage Heat Pump System 2.2 Mathematical Models 2.3 Evaluation Index of Heat Pump Drying System 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 45 Study on Moisture Transfer Characteristics of Corn during Drying Process at Low Air Temperature Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Drying Model 2.1 Physical Model 2.2 Mathematical Model 2.3 Thermo Physical Properties and Values 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 46 The Study on a Dual Evaporating Temperatures-Based Chilled Water System Applied in Small-to-Medium Residential Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 System Design 2.1 Object Building 2.2 Cooling and Heating Loads Results 2.3 System Design 3 Introduction of Experiments 3.1 The Experimental Rig 3.2 Experimental Conditions 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References 47 Study on the Inter-Stage Release Characteristics of Two-Stage Compression Heat Pump System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Results 3.1 Mass Flow Rate of Each Mass in the Circulation Loop 3.2 Influence of Different Release Characteristics on Intermediate Pressure 3.3 Influence of Different Release Characteristics on System Heat Capacity Qhot 3.4 Influence of Different Release Characteristics on System Heat Capacity COPhot 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 48 Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a New Evaporative Condenser Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Actual System Synopsis 2.2 Actual Measurement Methods and Contents 2.3 Modeling 2.4 Equations and Parameters Setting 3 Discussion 3.1 Refrigerant Temperature Measured and Simulation Results 3.2 Heat Transfer Capacity and Air Resistance 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 49 Studying the Performance of an Indirect Evaporative Pre-cooling System in Humid Tropical Climates Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Validation 3.2 Pre-cooled Air Treatment Profiles 3.3 Impact of the Pre-cooling on the Chiller 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 50 Preheating Strategy of Intermittent Heating for Public Buildings in Cold Areas of China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Simulation Software 2.2 Internal Disturbance and Ventilation Rates Setting 2.3 Building Thermal Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Indoor Temperature 3.2 Decision of Preheating Time 3.3 Heat Consumption Analysis 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 51 On-Site Performance Investigation of the Existing Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Residential Buildings in Cold Area Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Test Plan 4 Test Data Processing and Results 4.1 Flow Rate Measurement Data Processing and Analysis 4.2 Circulating Water Temperatures 4.3 System Performance Analysis 4.4 Thermal Analysis of Underground 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 52 Analysis of Heat and Mass Exchange Performance of Enthalpy Recovery Wheel Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model of Enthalpy Recovery Wheel 2.1 Teat and Mass Transfer Model 2.2 Performance Indexes 3 Model Parameters 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 53 A New Two-Stage Compression Refrigeration System with Primary Throttling Intermediate Complete Cooling for Defrosting Abstract 1 Introduction 2 System Overview 2.1 Thermodynamic Process of Refrigeration Cycle 2.2 Thermodynamic Process of Defrosting Cycle 2.3 P-H Schematic Diagram of the System 3 Thermal Analysis 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Operating Parameters of the System with Different Refrigerants 4.2 Effect of Evaporation and Condensation Temperatures on System Performance 4.3 Effect of Refrigeration Capacity on COP of the System 5 Conclusion References 54 Prediction of Pressure Drop in Adsorption Filter Using Friction Factor Correlations for Packed Bed Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Set up and Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Comparison Between the Experimental Data and the Calculation Results 3.2 Accuracy and Common Applicability Range Parameters 4 Conclusions References 55 Evaluations and Optimizations on Practical Performance of the Heat Pump Integrated with Heat-Source Tower in a Residential Area in Changsha, China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 System Description and Analytical Method 2.2 Practical Energy Performance of Heat Pumps in Cooling and Heating Season 3 Results—Summary and Evaluations 3.1 Heat Pump Unit Configuration 3.2 Water Pump Configuration 3.3 Unreasonable Control Strategy 4 Discussion—Optimization and Solutions 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 56 Research on the Effect of Solid Particle Diameter on the Performance of Solid-Liquid Centrifugal Pump Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Numerical Simulation 2.1 Basic Assumption 2.2 Determination of Calculation Parameters 2.3 Numerical Calculation Method 2.4 Boundary Condition Settings 3 Analysis of Calculation Results 3.1 Contours of Volume Fraction in different particle diameters 3.2 Velocity Vector Charts 3.3 Analysis of External Characteristics 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 57 Experimental Study on Flow Maldistribution and Performance of Carbon Dioxide Microchannel Evaporator Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Microchannel Evaporator 3 Experimental System 4 Calculations and Analysis 4.1 Impact of Carbon Dioxide Mass Flow Rate 4.2 Impact of Evaporator Temperature 4.3 Impact of Carbon Dioxide Inlet Dryness 4.4 Analysis of Unevenness 5 Conclusions References 58 Capture of High-Viscosity Particles: Utilizing Swirling Flow in the Multi-Layer Square Chamber Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Development of the Multi-layer Component 2.2 CFD Simulation Setup 3 Results 3.1 Capture Efficiency 3.2 Flow Resistance 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References 59 Experimental Study on Vertical Temperature Profiles under Two Forms of Airflow Organization in Large Space during the Heating Season Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Experimental Base Overview 2.2 Experimental Measuring Points and Instruments 2.3 Experimental Conditions 3 Experiment 3.1 Vertical Temperature Distribution 3.2 Heat Supply and Thermal Efficiency 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 60 Experimental Study of Electroosmotic Effect in Composite Desiccant Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Description of a Novel Dehumidification Fin 3 Experimental Methods 3.1 The Fabrication of Composite Desiccant 3.2 The Measurement of Dehumidification Rate 4 Experimental Methods 4.1 Adsorption Capacity 4.2 Dehumidification Rate 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 61 District Heating System Load Prediction Using Machine Learning Method Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Data Preprocessing 2.1 Data Outlier Elimination 2.2 Correlation Analysis 3 Prediction Methods 3.1 Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) 3.2 Prediction Model Performance Evaluation Criteria 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Correlation Analysis 4.2 Prediction Analysis 5 Conclusions References 62 A Case Study on Existing Building HVAC System Optimization of a Five-Star Hotel in Shanghai Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project Description 3 Operation Diagnosis 4 Commission and Post-evaluation 4.1 Add a Chilled Water Booster Pump to Magnetic Suspension Chiller Unit 4.2 Turn off the Water Bypass 4.3 Install Free-Cooling System 4.4 Air-Conditioning Terminal Adjustment 5 Results Acknowledgements References 63 Research on Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of Soil in Unsaturated and Saturated Condition with Soil Stratification under Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchanger Operation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Theories and Methods 2.1 Heat and Moisture Migration Equation 2.2 Physical Model Construction 2.3 Initial Conditions 3 Result and Discussions 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 64 Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Energy, Heat Pump, and Desiccant Wheel Air-Conditioning System in Low Energy Consumption Building Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 System Description 2.2 Modeling and Validation 2.3 Building Description 2.4 System Performance Simulation 3 Results 3.1 Building Load Calculation 3.2 Operation Mode Optimization 3.3 Indoor Thermal and Humid Environment 3.4 Daily Energy Consumption 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 65 Feasibility of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Utilizing Capillary Radiation Roof Terminal in the Yangtze River Basin of China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Discussion Acknowledgements References 66 Study on Energy Evolution Characteristics of Metro Environmental Control Equipment in Different Periods Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Method and Methodology 2.1 Evaluation Index and the Measuring Method of the Chillers 2.2 Evaluation Index and the Measuring Method of the Cooling Towers 2.3 Evaluation Index and the Measuring Method of the Water Pumps 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics of Water Chillers 3.2 Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics of Cooling Tower 3.3 Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics of Pumps 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 67 Energy-Saving and Economic Analysis of Anaerobic Reactor Heating System Based on Biogas and Sewage Source Heat Pump Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Biogas Production 2.2 Performance of Biogas Generator Set 3 Results 3.1 Determination of System Parameters 3.2 Biogas Production and Waste Heat Recovery in the System 3.3 Operation Conditions of the System 3.4 Energy-Saving and Economy 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 68 Air-Conditioner Usage Patterns in Teaching Buildings of Universities by Data Mining Approach Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Data set and Preprocess 2.1 Data set 2.2 Data Process 3 Methods 4 Results 4.1 Usage Profiles 4.2 Usage Clusters 4.3 Typical Pattern Recognition 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 69 Design Optimization of Radiation Cooling Terminal for Ultra-low-Energy Consumption Office Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Influence of Radiation Area Ratios 3.2 Influence of Different Laying Heights 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 70 Study on Operating Performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump with Seasonal Soil Cool Storage System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Basic Idea of GCHPSSCS System 2.2 Building Overview 2.3 Cooling and Heating Load 2.4 Cool Storage Quantity and Time 2.5 Computer Simulation Model of the System 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 71 Controlling Technique and Policy of Adjacent Rooms Pressure Difference in High-Level Biosafety Laboratory Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Main Technical Indicators of the High-Level Biosafety Laboratory 2.1 Absolute and Relative Pressure Difference 2.2 The Requirements of Absolute and Relative Pressure Difference for Working Condition Verification 3 Pressure Disturbance Factors of the High-Level Biosafety Laboratory 3.1 Airtightness of the Envelope Structure 3.2 Key Protective Equipment 3.3 Working Condition Conversion 3.4 Other Factors 4 Comparison and Analysis of Different Controlling Technique and Policy of Adjacent Rooms Pressure Difference in High-Level Biosafety Laboratory 4.1 Common Pressure-Difference Controlling Mode 4.2 Analysis of Controlling Technique and Policy of Adjacent Rooms Pressure Difference 4.2.1 Laboratory A 4.2.2 Laboratory B 4.2.3 Summary 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 72 Investigated on Energy-Saving Measures of HVAC System in High-Level Biosafety Laboratory Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Typical Main Room Load Calculation 2.1 Indoor Load of Typical Main Room 2.2 Typical Main Roo