Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Volume 1: A Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya (Cabi Publishing)

International forums have identified the need for comprehensive, transparent, scientific methods, for the pre-release testing and post-release monitoring of transgenic plants to ensure environmental safety. There is also wide recognition that the regulatory and scientific capacity for conducting these types of assessments needs to be strengthened. In response to these requirements, a GMO Guidelines Project was established - under the aegis of the International Organization for Biological Control - to develop biosafety testing guidelines for transgenic plants. This book is one of the first outputs from this project. The book aims, using the case study of Bt maize, to detail generic approaches to the evaluation of environmental impact of GM technologies. This book focuses on transgenic maize in Kenya. This maize includes genetic material derived from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which naturally produces proteins that are toxic to some insects. The book explores both the environmental and agricultural impacts of transgenic plants. It draws out general risk assessment guidelines, and demonstrates the need for case-by-case analysis. Although focused on Kenya and Bt Maize, the book's findings and recommendations are relevant and applicable to a multitude of nations and GM crops. 1 Bt Maize, Risk Assessment and the Kenya Case Study DA Andow and A Hilbeck 2 The Maize Agricultural Context in Kenya L. Muhammad and E. Underwood 3 Problem Formulation and Options Assessment (PFOA) for Genetically Modified Organisms: the Kenya Case Study 57 K. C. Nelson, G. Kibata, L. Muhammad, J. o. Okuro, F. Muyekho, M. Odindo, A Ely and J.M. Waquil 4 Transgene Locus Structure and Expression of Bt Maize DA Andow, DA Somers, N. Amugune, F.J.L. Aragão, K. Ghosh, S. Gudu, E. Magiri, WJ. Moar, S. Njihia and E. Osir 5 Biodiversity and Non-target Impacts: a Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya AN.E. Birch, R. Wheatley, B. Anyango, S. Arpaia, D. Capalbo, E. Getu Degaga, E. Fontes, P Kalama, E. Lelmen, G. V1JVei, I.S. Meio, F. Muyekho, A Ngi-Song, D. Ochieno, J. Ogwang, R. Pitelli, 1: Schuler, M. Sétamou, S. Sithanantham, J. Smith, N. Van Son, J. Songa, E. Sujii, 1: Q. Tan, F. -H. Wan and A Hilbeck 6 Gene Flow and its Consequences: a Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya J. Johnston, L. Blancas and A Borem 7 Resistance Risks and Management Associated with 8t Maize in Kenya G.P. Fitt, DA Andow, Y. Carriere, WJ. Moar, T.H. Schuler, C. Omoto, J. Kanya, MA Okech, P. Arama and N.K. Maniania 8 Risk Assessment of 8t Maize in Kenya: Synthesis and Recommendations A Hilbeck, DA Andow, AN.E. Birch, G.P. Fitt, J. Johnston, K. C. Nelson, E. Osir, J. Songa, E. Underwood and R. Wheatley

International forums have identified the need for comprehensive, transparent, scientific methods, for the pre-release testing and post-release monitoring of transgenic plants to ensure environmental safety. There is also wide recognition that the regulatory and scientific capacity for conducting these types of assessments needs to be strengthened.

In response to these requirements, a GMO Guidelines Project was established - under the aegis of the International Organization for Biological Control - to develop biosafety testing guidelines for transgenic plants. This book is one of the first outputs from this project. The book aims, using the case study of Bt maize, to detail generic approaches to the evaluation of environmental impact of GM technologies.

This book focuses on transgenic maize in Kenya. This maize includes genetic material derived from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which naturally produces proteins that are toxic to some insects. The book explores both the environmental and agricultural impacts of transgenic plants. It draws out general risk assessment guidelines, and demonstrates the need for case-by-case analysis. Although focused on Kenya and Bt Maize, the book's findings and recommendations are relevant and applicable to a multitude of nations and GM crops.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS Volume 1. A Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya......Page 3 Contents......Page 5 Series Foreword......Page 7 Contributors......Page 11 Preface......Page 15 1. Bt Maize, Risk Assessment and the Kenya Case Study......Page 19 2. The Maize Agricultural Context in Kenya......Page 39 3. Problem Formulation and Options Assessment (PFOA) for Genetically Modified Organisms: the Kenya Case Study......Page 75 4. Transgene Locus Structure and Expression of Bt Maize......Page 101 5. Biodiversity and Non-target Impacts: a Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya......Page 135 6. Gene Flow and its Consequences: a Case Study of Bt Maize in Kenya......Page 205 7. Resistance Risks and Management Associated with Bt Maize in Kenya......Page 227 8. Risk Assessment of Bt Maize in Kenya: Synthesis and Recommendations......Page 269 Index......Page 289 The case study is a product of the international GMO Guidelines Project, which addresses the environmental and agricultural impacts of transgenic organisms but does not evaluate human health effects or ethical implications. The volume is not a full risk assessment of Bt maize in Kenya, but rather reports on the agricultural and sociocultural context of maize production in that nation and sets out a methodology for conducting an environmental risk assessment of Bt maize there. It includes the participating public-sector scientists' recommendations for completing a risk assessment and for improving the scientific basis for risk assessment. Distributed in the US by Oxford U. Press. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Using a case study of Bt maize in Kenya, this book explores the environmental impacts of transgenic plants and the methods used to evaluate these impacts. It draws out general risk assessment guidelines, and demonstrates the need for case-by-case analysis. It's findings and recommendations are applicable to a multitude of nations and GM crops