Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) : A Manual

__Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): A Manual__ provides a comprehensive summary of the EKC, summarizing work on this economic tool that can analyze environmental pollution problems. By enabling users to reconcile environmental and economic development policies, Environmental Kuznets Curve studies lend themselves to the investigation of the energy-growth and finance-energy nexus. The book obviates a dependence on outmoded tools, such as carrying capacity, externalities, ecosystem valuation and cost benefit analysis, while also encouraging flexible approaches to a variety of challenges. Cover Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): A Manual Copyright List of Contributors Preface Introduction PART I INTRODUCTION 1 - A Historical Perspective on Environmental Kuznets Curve A Historical Perspective on Environmental Kuznets Curve Conclusion References PART II THE EKC LITERATURE 2 - The Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Critical Review of Earlier Literature Introduction A Review of Early Literature: 1990–2006 Econometric Model and Related Criticisms Policy Perspectives and Concluding Remarks References 3 - Recent Studies (Extending Basic Environmental Kuznets Curve Model by Adding More Variables) Recent Studies (Extending Basic Environmental Kuznets Curve Model by Adding More Variables) Studies Including Tourism Variables Studies Including Financial Development Studies Using Urbanization and Population as Determinants of Pollution Studies Using Energy Consumption Variables Conclusions and Policy Implications References 4 - Single-Country Versus Multiple-Country Studies Single-Country Studies Multiple-Country Studies Conclusion References 5 - The Process of Sustainability: From Past to Present Introduction From Stockholm to Paris: A Brief History of the Environmental Awareness UN Conference on Human Development, Stockholm 1972 Brundtland Report, 1987 Establishment of IPCC, 1988 UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992 Kyoto Protocol, 1997 World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg 2002 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Paris 2015 Discussions on Alternative Recommendations Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency Non–Energy Policy Recommendations Conclusion References 6 - Renewable Energy and its Finance as a Solution to the Environmental Degradation Introduction Finance and Energy Innovation Financial Actors and Innovation Directions Financial Actors and Direction in Renewable Energy Finance and the Role of Feed-In Tariffs Conclusion References PART III THE ECONOMETRICS OF THE EKC STUDIES 7 - Data Selection and Environmental Kuznets Curve Models - Environmental Kuznets Curve Models, Data Choice, D ata Sources, Miss ... Introduction Choosing the Proper Environmental Kuznets Curve Specification Validation Problem of an Environmental Kuznets Curve Model Problem of Data in Environmental Kuznets Curve Model Conversion of Base Year Handling Missing Data Points Problem of Variable Selection in Environmental Kuznets Curve Model Problem of Selecting Right Variables Problem of Choosing the Number of Variables Problem of Variable Creation Choosing the Proxy for Environmental Degradation Conclusion References 8 - Time Series Analysis (Stationarity, Cointegration, and Causality) Components of a Time Series Analysis of Time Series Data Series Stationary and Nonstationary Time Series Concept of Stationarity The Importance of Stationarity Tests of Stationarity Dickey-Fuller Test Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Phillips-Perron Test Unit Root Tests with Structural Breaks Zivot and Andrews (1992) Unit Root Test Lumsdaine and Papell (1997) Unit Root Test Clemente et al. (1998) Unit Root Test Cointegration and Error Correction Model Without Structural Breaks Tests of Cointegration Engel-Granger cointegration test Johansen cointegration test: Cointegration in multiple equations Autoregressive distributed lag cointegration model Cointegration Model with Structural Break Gregory and Hansen Cointegration Test Maki (2012) Cointegration Test Conclusion References Further Reading 9 - Panel Data Analysis (Stationarity, Cointegration, and Causality) Estimators for Panel Data Analysis Applied in Environmental Kuznets Curve Early Studies Using Pooled Ordinary Least Square and Generalized Least Square Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square Generalized Method of Moments Pooled Mean Group Estimation Panel Granger Causality Analysis Bivariate Panel Granger Causality Test Error Correction Model–Based Framework and Granger Causality Test First-Generation Panel Unit Root Tests Cross-Sectional Dependency in Panel Data Testing for Cross-Sectional Dependency Second-Generation Panel Unit Root Tests Second-Generation Panel Cointegration Tests Robust Estimators in the Presence of Cross-Sectional Dependency Conclusion References 10 - Most Up-to-Date Methodologic Approaches: Evidence from the Wavelet Coherence Approach Introduction Literature Review Methodology Data and Wavelet Estimation Output Conclusion and Policy Proposals Appendix References PART IV CONCLUSION 11 - Conclusion Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Z Back Cover Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): A Manual provides a comprehensive summary of the EKC, summarizing work on this economic tool that can analyze environmental pollution problems. By enabling users to reconcile environmental and economic development policies, Environmental Kuznets Curve studies lend themselves to the investigation of the energy-growth and finance-energy nexus. The book obviates a dependence on outmoded tools, such as carrying capacity, externalities, ecosystem valuation and cost benefit analysis, while also encouraging flexible approaches to a variety of challenges. Provides a comprehensive summary of EKC studies, including advances in econometrics, literature reviews and historical perspectives Outlines solutions to common problems in applying EKC techniques by reviewing major case studies Explores frequently-utilized proxies for environmental quality