Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics: Water, Sanitation and Disease Control (Earthscan Water Text)

This fully updated third edition of the classic text, widely cited as the most important and useful book for health engineering and disease prevention, describes infectious diseases in tropical and developing countries, and the effective measures that may be used against them. The infections described include the diarrhoeal diseases, the common gut worms, Guinea worm, schistosomiasis, malaria, Bancroftian filariasis and other mosquito-borne infections. The environmental interventions that receive most attention are domestic water supplies and improved excreta disposal. Appropriate technology for these interventions, and also their impact on infectious diseases, are documented in detail. This third edition includes new sections on arsenic in groundwater supplies and arsenic removal technologies, and new material in most chapters, including water supplies in developing countries and surface water drainage. Content: Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of contents Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition Preface to the third edition Acknowledgements Part I Health and pollution Chapter 1 Engineering and infectious disease 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Water-related infections Classification of transmission mechanisms 1. Water-borne route 2. Water-washed route 3. Water-based route 4. Insect vector route Classification of infections I. Faecal-oral diseases (non-bacterial) 1.3 Excreta-related infections Latency and persistence Conclusions 1.4 Refuse-related infections1.5 Housing-related infections 1.6 Public and domestic domains 1.7 Summary 1.8 References 1.9 Further reading Chapter 2 Health and water chemistry 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The absence of necessary chemicals 2.3 Harmful organics Environmental pollution by the oil industry 2.4 Harmful inorganics 2.5 References 2.6 Further reading Chapter 3 Water quality and standards 3.1 Drinking water quality Microbiological characteristics Microbiological tests Microbiological standards Chemical and physical characteristics 3.2 Wastewater quality Introduction Suspended solidsOxygen demand Pathogenic micro-organisms Toxic chemicals Effluent quality and disposal 3.3 Industrial wastes The problem Control 3.4 Bathing water quality 3.5 Irrigation water quality 3.6 Water quality and fish 3.7 Water quality standards and QMRA 3.8 References 3.9 Further reading Part II Water supply Chapter 4 Water supplies in low and middle income countries 4.1 The haves and the have nots 4.2 Operation and maintenance 4.3 Appropriate technology 4.4 Benefits Production Health Time and energy savings, and their money value 4.5 Cost recovery and the private sector4.6 Rural supplies and self-help 4.7 Self-supply 4.8 Hygiene promotion 4.9 Evaluation 4.10 Climate change and integrated water resource management 4.11 References 4.12 Further reading Chapter 5 Rural water supply 5.1 Breakdowns and technology Design for maintenance 5.2 Sources of water Protected springs Wells Pollution of wells and boreholes Well disinfection 5.3 Raising water Hand power Natural sources of power Motor pumps 5.4 Storage 5.5 Treatment in a rural context Storage Sedimentation Filtration and chlorination Removal of minerals and saltsHousehold water treatment 5.6 Water distribution Individual connections Public water points 5.7 References 5.8 Further reading Chapter 6 Urban water supply and water treatment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Coagulation and sedimentation Fluoride and arsenic removal 6.3 Filtration 6.4 Disinfection Chlorine demand Free residuals Combined residuals The breakpoint Chlorine dose Control of the dose Testing for chlorine Sources of chlorine The application of chlorine 6.5 Distribution 6.6 Water demand management Tariff policy Water-saving taps and fittings This fully updated third edition of this classic text, widely cited as the most important and useful book for health engineering and disease prevention, describes infectious diseases in tropical and developing countries, and the measures that may be used effectively against them.