Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: Fundamentals (Nanostructure Science and Technology Book 1)

This book presents an exhaustive overview of electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the analysis and monitoring of the most important analytes in the environmental field, in industry, in treatment plants and in environmental research. The chapters give the reader a comprehensive, state-of-the-art picture of the field of electrochemical sensors suitable to environmental analytes, from the theoretical principles of their design to their implementation, realization and application. The first three chapters discuss fundamentals, and the last three chapters cover the main groups of analytes of environmental interest. "Electrochemical sensors represent the oldest type of chemical sensors and are widely present in chemical laboratories, industries, healthcare and in many aspects of our daily life. During the past few decades biosensors mimicking biological receptors for the sake of analytical assessment have emerged as an extremely important and fruitful field in fundamental and applied electroanalytical chemistry. Research and routine analysis in environmental sciences have shown that electrochemical sensors and biosensors may supply useful information for solving problems from the quite general to the highly specific, dealing with environmental pollution or many other questions in connection with (bio)geochemical cycles or fundamental environmental chemical processes. Environmental analytical chemistry is a multidisciplinary field requiring the cooperation of chemists, biochemists, physicists, engineers and many other specialists, a collaboration which defines and guarantees the development and applicability of robust and highly sensitive sensors for chemical analysis and environmental monitoring. The aim of this book is to give an overview of the role of electrochemical sensors in environmental chemical analysis and on their operating principles. It provides detailed information on the applicability of such sensors to the determination of all the different substances of environmental importance. It is designed on one hand as a textbook for students and teachers, and, on the other, as a manual for researchers and applied scientists and engineers who are fully or marginally confronted with problems in context with environmental chemistry. Due to its multidisciplinary character the book synthesizes various viewpoints of different sciences and addresses chemists, physicists, pharmacists, medical doctors, engineers and in fact all who are interested, professionally or non-professionally, in the chemistry of our environment."-- Provided by publisher Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Introduction to Electroanalysis of Environmental Samples....Pages 3-21 Soil....Pages 23-61 Water....Pages 63-92 Atmosphere....Pages 93-104 Biosphere....Pages 105-130 Extraterrestrial....Pages 131-151 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 Electrochemical Sensor and Biosensors....Pages 155-165 Electrochemical Sensors in Environmental Analysis....Pages 167-191 Potentiometric Sensors....Pages 193-238 Controlled Potential Techniques in Amperometric Sensing....Pages 239-282 Biosensors on Enzymes, Tissues, and Cells....Pages 283-312 DNA Biosensors....Pages 313-330 Immunosensors....Pages 331-349 Other Types of Sensors: Impedance-Based Sensors, FET Sensors, Acoustic Sensors....Pages 351-370 Front Matter....Pages 371-371 From Macroelectrodes to Microelectrodes: Theory and Electrode Properties....Pages 373-401 Electrode Materials (Bulk Materials and Modification)....Pages 403-495 Nanosized Materials in Amperometric Sensors....Pages 497-527 Electrochemical Sensors: Practical Approaches....Pages 529-568 Gas Sensors....Pages 569-580 Front Matter....Pages 581-581 Sensor Arrays: Arrays of Micro- and Nanoelectrodes....Pages 583-613 Front Matter....Pages 581-581 Sensors and Lab-on-a-Chip....Pages 615-650 Electronic Noses....Pages 651-666 Remote Sensing....Pages 667-690 Back Matter....Pages 691-713