Environment and Sustainable Development: Proceedings of the 2021 6th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development (Environmental Science and Engineering)

This book collects the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of environmental science and sustainable development, which were presented by scholars and researchers at the 2021 6th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development, held in Phuket, Thailand, November 6–8, 2021. The book covers highly diverse topics, including environmental dynamics, global environmental change and ecosystems management, environmental restoration and ecological engineering, water treatment and reclamation, environmental sustainability, health and the environment, wastewater and sludge treatment, solid waste management, air pollution and control. The contributions, which were selected in a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations. Preface Conference Committees International Advisory Chair Honorary Chair General Chair Conference Co-chairs Local Organizing Chairs Program Chairs Publicity Chair International Program Committees Contents Environmental Pollution and Management Evaluating the Potential of Vegetation to Capture Pollutants in Urban Environment 1 Introduction 2 Urban Air Pollution and Green Infrastructure 2.1 Atmospheric Deposition 2.2 Selection of Plant Species 2.3 Green Infrastructures 3 Case Studies 3.1 Sampling Site Location 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Reference Levels for Heavy Metals in Soil in the City of Cerro de Pasco - Peru - 2020 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Geology 2.3 Materials 2.4 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil 3.2 Normality Test – Shapiro Wilkinson Test 3.3 Linear Regression Lines 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Urban Environmental Risk Spatial Pattern Assessment Supported by Remote Sensing and GIS—Shanghai, China 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Procedure 2.2 Study Area 2.3 Original Datasets and Processing Method 2.4 Spatial Factors for Environmental Risk Assessment 2.5 Method for Environmental Risk Assessment 3 Results 4 Conclusion 5 Discussion References A Review on RES Energy Transition-Climate Change Interaction Effects 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Effect of Climate Change on Solar Energy and PV Electricity Production 3.2 The Effect of Climate Change on Wind Energy and WT Electricity Production 3.3 The Effect of PV Electricity Production on Regional Climate 3.4 The Effect of WTs Electricity Production on Regional Climate 4 Conclusions References Socially Engaged Buddhism of Kalmykia: Land Degradation and the Ecological Initiatives of the Central Khurul 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Buddhism in Kalmykia 2.2 Ecological Situation in Kalmykia 3 Results 3.1 Religious Rituals of Ecological Significance 3.2 Joint Project of KalmSU and Central Khurul 3.3 “Green Belt” Around Arshansky Khurul” Project 4 Conclusion References Preliminary Concentration-Response Functions on the Relationship Between Long-Term PM2.5Exposure and Incidence and Prevalence of Depression Based on Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Search Strategy 2.2 Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria 2.3 Data Extraction and Transformation 2.4 Statistical Analysis-Fit the Model-Function 2.5 Sensitivity Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results from the Systematic Review 3.2 Results of Sensitivity Analysis 3.3 Results of Sensitivity Analysis 3.4 Strengths and Limitations 4 Conclusion Appendices References Global INDCs Gap, Dilemma and Innovative Path of Carbon Sink Increase 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Global INDCs Gap 2.1 Concentration Gap of Global INDCs 2.2 Temperature Gap of Global INDCs 2.3 Quantity Gap of Global INDCs 3 Carbon Budget and Emission Reduction Dilemma 4 New Path to Increase Carbon Sinks 5 Conclusions References Effect of Hedgerows on CO Diffusion from Vehicle Exhaust Emissions in Street Canyons 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Numerical Model 2.2 Boundary Conditions 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Environmental Chemical Engineering and Wastewater Treatment Synthesis of Green Nano Composite Using Sugar Cane Waste for the Treatment of Cr Ions from Waste Water 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Chemicals Required 2.2 Agro Waste in Nano Form 2.3 Preparation of Graphene Oxide 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Nano Particle Size of Bagasse 3.2 UV Characterisation 3.3 SEM Analysis 4 Conclusion References Heavy Metal Water Pollution: Transport and Transformation, Impacts and Treatment Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Water 2.1 Migration Pathways of Heavy Metals 2.2 Migration and Transformation Mechanism of Heavy Metals in Water 3 The Hazard of Heavy Metals in Water 3.1 Hazards to Plants 3.2 Hazards to Aquatic Animals 3.3 Hazards to the Ecosystem 3.4 Hazards to Human Health 4 Treatment Technology of Heavy Metals 4.1 Physical Technology 4.2 Chemical Technology 4.3 Biological Technology 4.4 Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusion References The Removal Effect of Organic Pollutants by Different Fillers in Constructed Rapid Infiltration System 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Test Process and Device 2.2 Test Filter Material Type 2.3 Inlet Water Condition and Inlet Water Quality 2.4 Testing Items and Methods of Water Quality Indexes 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Removal Effect of COD by Different Filter Materials 3.2 Removal Effect of BOD5by Different Filter Materials 4 Conclusion References Comparative Study on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of Surface Water by Three New Combined Processes of Autotrophic Denitrification 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Materials 2.2 Experimental System 2.3 Source Water 2.4 Analytical Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Removal Effect of Nitrate Nitrogen by Three New Combined Processes of Autotrophic Denitrification 3.2 Removal Effect of Total Nitrogen by Three New Combined Processes of Autotrophic Denitrification 3.3 Effects of Three New Combined Processes of Autotrophic Denitrification on DO 4 Conclusions References Development of a Composite Solid Desiccant Dehumidifier for Ventilation Air 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Composite Desiccants and Their Properties 2.1 Method 2.2 Texture Properties 3 The Deposition of Desiccants on Fin-Tube Heat Exchanger 3.1 Binder Options 3.2 The Detail of Capability of Spray Glue for Metal Surface Amalgamates with Polyurethane Glue 4 Desiccant Dehumidification 4.1 Performance Parameters 5 Conclusion References Hydrology and Water Resources Management Applicability Analysis of Hydrological Models in the Middle and Upper Reaches of Yangtze River 1 Introduction 2 Data and Methods 2.1 Research Area and Dataset 2.2 Introduction to Hydrological Models 2.3 Parameter Calibration Method 2.4 Performance Evaluation 3 Results 3.1 Result Analysis of Xinanjiang Model 3.2 Result Analysis of TANK Model 3.3 Result Analysis of TOPMODEL 4 Conclusions References Analysis on the Response of Lake Level Changes: A Hybrid Stepwise-Cluster Factorial Approach 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area and Data 2.2 Stepwise-Cluster Analysis 2.3 Factorial Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Seepage Experiment on a Permeable Dam Formed by Debris Flow from River Tributaries 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Setup 2.2 Experimental Procedure 2.3 Experimental Theory 3 Results 4 Summary and Conclusions References Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Streamflow - A Case Study of Naryn River Basin, Central Asia 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Joint-Risk Evaluation of Extreme Precipitation Using Copulas 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Indicator Selection and Calculation 2.2 Bivariate Copula Functions 2.3 Return Period 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Optimal Allocation of Flood Control Capacity of Multiple Reservoir System 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Optimization Model of Multiple Reservoir System 2.2 Optimization Methods 3 Study Area and Data 4 Results and Discussion References Experimental Study for Optimizing of Low Impact Development Facilities in Taiwan 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experiment Condition 2.2 Experiment Setting 2.3 Setting of Units and Experimental Procedure 2.4 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Green Building Technology and Urban Planning Design of Green Infrastructure for the Revaluation of the Ventanilla-Peru Wetlands and the Protection of the Environment 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Climate 2.3 Vegetation 2.4 Soil Science 2.5 Materials 2.6 Criteria of the Sustainable Architectural Approach 2.7 Sustainable Building Materials 2.8 Project Users 2.9 Technology Applied to the Project: Green Roofs 2.10 The Tourist Carrying Capacity of the Project 3 Results 3.1 Survey Results Conducted 3.2 Proposal 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Effect of the Window Design Features on Natural Ventilation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Design of the Model Room 4 Design of Simulations 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Fonts Effect of Air Vents on Indoor Air Flow Characteristics 5.2 Effect of Air Vents Shape on Indoor Air Flow Characteristics 5.3 Effect of Number of Air Vents on Indoor Air Flow Characteristics 5.4 Effect of Air Vents on Opposite Walls of the Room on Indoor Air Flow Characteristics 6 Conclusions References How to Make Green Building Certification & Rating Systems More Pandemic-Sustainable? 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 LEED 3.2 BREEAM 3.3 CASBEE 3.4 WELL 4 Conclusion References Assessing Risk Factors in the Implementation of Green Building Projects: Empirical Research from Vietnam 1 Introduction 2 Develop a List of GB Risk Factors 3 Research Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Demographics of Survey Participants 4.2 The Assessment Results of GB Risk Factors 5 Conclusion References Environmental Affordances: A Practical Approach for Designing Child-Friendly Streets in High-Density Community 1 Background 1.1 Child Friendliness as a Driven for Urban Sustainability 1.2 Importance of Child-Friendly Streets in Neighborhood Scale for Children’s Growth 1.3 Street Design Challenges 2 Environmental Affordance Concept and Implications for Design Practice 3 Children’s Needs for Street Environmental Affordances 4 Case Study 4.1 The Site Location and the Street Sample 4.2 Data Collection 4.3 Data Analysis 4.4 Design Strategies 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Study on the Ecological Regeneration Strategy of Urban Industrial Sites—Taking Diamond Bay in Dalian as an Example 1 Introduction 2 Review of Studies on Industrial Site Renewal 3 Study on Area Overview 3.1 Site History 3.2 Site Features 3.3 Current Problems 4 Public Space Improvement Strategies to the Diamond Bay Coastal Park 4.1 Making the Planning Lead the Overall Spatial Pattern 4.2 Preservation and Inheritance of Industrial Heritage 4.3 Artistic Treatment and Re-creation of the Site 4.4 Restoration of Ecological Substrates 5 Conclusion References Resource Management, Green Behavior and Sustainable Development Scenario Analysis of Annual Heating Energy Demand in North China from 2020 to 2050 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Data 2.1 Model Overview 2.2 Mathematical Model 3 Model Verification Results 4 Scenario Analysis 5 Conclusion References An Integrated Bi-level Optimization Model for Planning Water-Food-Energy Nexus System Under Uncertainty 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 Methodology 3 Case Study 3.1 Statement of Problem 3.2 Modeling Formulation 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusions Appendix A. Nomenclatures for parameters and variables References Recovery of Eco-friendly Spaces for Ecotourism and the Integration of Visitors in Morro de Calzada – Peru 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Compilation 2.2 Sample 2.3 Research Design 2.4 Materials 3 Research Stages 3.1 Preliminary Stage 3.2 Field Stage 3.3 Cabinet Stage 4 Current Diagnosis 4.1 Vegetable Cover 4.2 Physical Factors 5 Proposal 5.1 Purpose 5.2 Infrastructure Description 5.3 Function 5.4 Sustainable Finishes 5.5 Advantage 6 Conclusions 6.1 Specific Conclusions References Planning Water-Food-Energy Nexus System Towards Sustainable Development Under Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Case Study 3.1 Study Area 3.2 CSFP-WFEN Modeling Formulation 4 Case Study 5 Conclusions Appendix A References Assessing Consumers’ Intentions Towards Green Alternatives of Disposable Packaging: A Case Study in Beijing and Shanghai 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Hypotheses Development 2.1 The Extended Theory of Planned Behavior 2.2 Hypotheses Development 3 Methodology 3.1 Measurement Scale 3.2 Data Collection 4 Data Analysis 4.1 Descriptive Analysis 4.2 Measurement Model 4.3 Structural Model 5 Discussion 5.1 General Discussion 5.2 Policy Implications 5.3 Limitations 6 Conclusion References Environmental Biology and Biodiversity Conservation Comparative Evaluation of APTI of Plant Species at Two Different Sites Near CCI-Rajban Cement Factory, Sirmaur 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Description of Study Area 2.2 Geographical Conditions of Paonta Sahib 2.3 Meteorological Conditions of Paonta Sahib 2.4 Land Utilization Pattern 2.5 Vegetation of Paonta Sahib 2.6 Study Sites 2.7 Sample Collected 2.8 Measurement of Dust Deposited on Leaves 2.9 Biochemical Analysis 2.10 Relative Leaf Water Content (RWC) 2.11 Total Chlorophyll Content (TCH) 2.12 Leaf Extract pH 2.13 Ascorbic Acid Content 2.14 Plants Selected for Study 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Elemental Status of European Mole (T. Europaea) in the Conditions of the Plast Region of the Chelyabinsk Oblast in Russian 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Effects of Crude Oil and Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil on the Antioxidant Response and Apoptosis in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Preparation of Exposure Solutions 2.2 A. JaponicusAcute Toxicity Tests 2.3 Total Protein (TP) Content 2.4 Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Activity 2.5 Peroxidase (POD) Activity 2.6 Caspase-3 Activity 2.7 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 GST Activity 3.2 POD Activity 3.3 Caspase-3 Activity 4 Conclusions References Environmental Impact of Fluorine Pollution in Tursunzade Manufactured Biogeochemical Province (Tajikistan) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Analysis on Bird Communities Response to Different Urban Land-Cover and Land-Use Types in Greater Manchester 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Research Area 2.2 Research Design 2.3 Statistical Analyses 3 Results 3.1 Species Richness and Diversity 3.2 Bird Community Composition 4 Discussion 4.1 Species Richness and Diversity 4.2 Bird Community Composition 5 Conclusion References Author Index