Enlightened religion : from confessional churches to polite piety in the Dutch Republic

The history of the relation between religion and Enlightenment has been virtually rewritten In recent decades. The idea of a fairly unidirectional 'rise of paganism', or 'secularisation', has been replaced by a much more variegated panorama of interlocking changes-not least in the nature of both religion and rationalism. This volume explores developments in various cultural fields-from lexicology to geographical exploration, and from philosophy and history to theology, media and the arts-involved in the transformation of worldviews in the decades around 1700. The main focus is on the Dutch Republic, where discussion culture was more inclusive than in most other countries, and where people from very different walks of life joined the conversation. Contributors include: Wiep van Bunge, Frank Daudeij, Martin Gierl, Albert Gootjes, Trudelien van 't Hof, Jonathan Israel, Henri Krop, Fred van Lieburg, Jaap Nieuwstraten, Joke Spaans, Jetze Touber, and Arthur Weststeijn 9789004389397......Page 1 9789004389397_webready_content_text......Page 2 Contents......Page 6 Illustrations......Page 8 About the Authors......Page 11 Introduction Enlightened Religion: From Confessional Churchesto Polite Piety in the Dutch Republic......Page 14 Part 1 Trends......Page 32 Chapter 1 From Religion in the Singular to Religions in the Plural: 1700, a Faultline in the Conceptual History of Religion......Page 34 Chapter 2 Tracing the Human Past: The Art of Writing Between Human Ingenuity and Divine Agency in Early Modern World History......Page 73 Chapter 3 Colonies of Concord: Religious Escapism and Experimentation in Dutch Overseas Expansion, ca. 1650–1700......Page 117 Chapter 5 The Collegie der Sçavanten: A Seventeenth-Century Cartesian Scholarly Society in Utrecht......Page 169 Part 2 Individuals......Page 196 Chapter 6 “Let no citizen be treated as lesser, because of hisconfession”: Religious Tolerance and Civility in De Hooghe’s Spiegel van Staat (1706–7)......Page 198 Chapter 7 The Power of Custom and the Question of Religious Toleration in the Works of Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn (1612–1653): An Investigation into the Sources of the Transformation of Religion around 1700......Page 225 Chapter 8 Romeyn de Hooghe’s Hieroglyphica: An Ambivalent Lexicographical History of Religion......Page 246 Chapter 9 Popularizing Radical Ideas in the Dutch Art World of the Early Eighteenth Century: Willem Goeree (1635–1711) and Arnold Houbraken (1660–1719)......Page 283 Chapter 10 Bayle’s Skepticism Revisited......Page 305 Chapter 11 Between the Catechism and the Microscope: The World of Johannes Duijkerius......Page 329 Chapter 12 Warning against the Pietists: The World of Wilhelmus à Brakel......Page 359 Index......Page 384 School communities identified these children as the “throwaways”-children who often experienced bullying, abuse, foster care, juvenile detention, and special education services. In this book, children with learning differences engage in artmaking as sensemaking to deepen their understanding of what it means to live on the margins in U.S. public K-12 schools. Their artmaking calls upon educators, school leaders, and policymakers to actively engage in addressing the injustices many of the children faced in school. This book is revolutionary. For the first time, children with learning differences, teachers, staff, and school leaders come together and share how they understand the role artmaking as sensemaking plays in empowering disenfranchised populations. Together, they encourage school community members to examine pedagogical practices, eliminate exclusive policies, and promote social justice-oriented work in schools. Their artmaking inspires new ways of knowing and responding to the lived experiences of children with learning differences. They hope their work encourages school communities to make authentic connections to improve their learning, capacity to love others, and of most importantly, to value oneself. Authors' first-tellings capture the human experience of navigating through oppressive educational systems. Authors urge us to consider what it means to be empathic and to engage in the lives of those we serve. Their truths remind us to that standing still should never be an option The history of the relation between religion and Enlightenment has been virtually rewritten in recent decades. The idea of a fairly unidirectional 'rise of paganism', or 'secularisation', has been replaced by a much more variegated panorama of interlocking changes-not least in the nature of both religion and rationalism. This volume explores developments in various cultural fields -- from lexicology to geographical exploration, and from philosophy and history to theology, media and the arts -- involved in the transformation of worldviews in the decades around 1700. The main focus is on the Dutch Republic, where discussion culture was more inclusive than in most other countries, and where people from very different walks of life joined the conversation This volume widens the scope of research into the relation between religion and Enlightenment. The contributions demonstrate the impact of changing worldviews in a variety of intellectual disciplines and cultural milieus. Readership: Cultural historians, historians of ideas, of philosophy, and of religion, interested in the debate over the place of religion in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century Dutch Republic. Keywords: controversy literature, epistolary culture, early modern knowledge cultures, Enlightenment encyclopedias, intellectual history, pietism, political theory, Romeijn de Hooghe, theology