Enhancing urban environment by environmental upgrading and restoration : [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Enhancing Urban Environment: Environmental Upgrading of Municipal Pollution Control Facilities and Restoration of Urban Waters,

As urban areas keep growing, water infrastructure ages, and the requirements on environmental protection become more rigorous, there is a continual need for upgrading water pollution control facilities and restoring degraded urban waters. Such issues are addressed in this book by focusing on five major topics: (a) Upgrading stormwater management facilities, (b) Retrofitting / upgrading combined sewer overflow (CSO) facilities, (c) Optimising/upgrading sewage treatment plant performance, (d) Urban stream restoration, and (e) Challenges in restoring urban environment. Each chapter contains some overview papers followed by research or case study papers. Besides presentations of new approaches and accomplishments in the field of upgrading and restoration, several papers provide analysis of vast needs in this field in several countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which either recently joined the European Union (EU) or are preparing for accession, and need to comply with the existing EU directives dealing with environmental protection. As such, this book will be of primary interest to researchers and university lecturers dealing with environmental upgrading and restoration, environmental planners from all levels of government, municipal engineers and politicians, and finally the private industry representatives (consultants, private utilities and environmental technology suppliers) searching for new business opportunities among the new or aspiring members of EU. Retrofitting Urban Drainage Systems Using Best Stormwater Management Practices — Some Scandinavian Experiences....Pages 1-12 Reduction of Runoff by Modified Trough — Infiltration Trench System — A Case Study of Leszno Town....Pages 13-21 The Kingston Pond: A Case Study of Stormwater Pond Upgrading....Pages 23-32 Control of Urban Runoff Stormwater Discharge to Receiving Waters Using Off-Line Storage....Pages 33-44 Urban Tree Root Systems and Tree Survival Near Sewers and Other Structures....Pages 45-56 City of Toronto Wet Weather Flow Management Master Plan....Pages 57-78 New Regulations for the Treatment of Combined Sewage in Austria — Based on Minimum Requirements and Water Quality Criteria....Pages 79-91 Implementation Experience of CSO Pollution Control Policies and Procedures in the UK....Pages 93-104 Increasing Knowledge of CSO Technologies....Pages 105-110 Upgrading the North Toronto Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Storage and Treatment Facility....Pages 111-121 Improving Combined Sewer Overflow and Treatment Plant Performance by Real-Time Control Operation....Pages 122-138 Combined Sewer Overflows into the Crati River (Cosenza, Italy) and Retention Storage Sizing....Pages 139-149 Modernisation Problems of the Sewerage Infrastructure in a Large Polish City....Pages 151-162 Extension of the Vienna Main Sewage Treatment Plant....Pages 163-173 Improving Sewage Treatment Plant Performance in Wet Weather....Pages 175-185 Upgrading Sewage Treatment Plants for Higher Performance by Optimising Reject Water Treatment....Pages 187-194 Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Performance....Pages 195-202 Bulgarian Policy and Actions for Municipal WWTPs Construction and Upgrading....Pages 203-213 Improving STP Performance by Lime Addition....Pages 215-226 Restoring Natural Waterways in Denver, USA Area....Pages 227-237 Urban Stream Restoration Structures....Pages 239-252 Restoration of Urban River Habitat in Compliance with EU Directives....Pages 253-264 Urban Streams — Urban Master Planning and Heavily Modified Water Bodies Designation Required by WFD....Pages 265-276 The Zurich Stream Day-Lighting Program....Pages 277-288 Advances in Modelling the Experimental Data on Pollutant Dynamics in Ephemeral Streams Influenced by Transient Storage in Dead Zones....Pages 289-306 Local Scour Downstream of Grade Control Structures in Urban Stream Restoration....Pages 307-317 Upgrade of Water and Sewerage Facilities in Slovakia to Achieve Compliance with Major EU Directives....Pages 319-330 Urban Water and Climate Change....Pages 331-340 Environmental Protection Technologies for Sustainable Development....Pages 341-349 Assessing Exfiltration from a Sewer by Slug Dosing of a Chemical Tracer (NaCl)....Pages 351-362 Urban Wetlands in Belarus: State, Threats and Perspectives....Pages 363-372 Restoration of Urban Waters in St. Petersburg: Social, Technical and Financial Aspects....Pages 373-379 The Interaction Between Water and Society....Pages 381-394 The fusion of algebra, analysis and geometry, and their application to real world problems, have been dominant themes underlying mathematics for over a century. Geometric algebras, introduced and classified by Clifford in the late 19th century, have played a prominent role in this effort, as seen in the mathematical work of Cartan, Brauer, Weyl, Chevelley, Atiyah, and Bott, and in applications to physics in the work of Pauli, Dirac and others. One of the most important applications of geometric algebras to geometry is to the representation of groups of Euclidean and Minkowski rotations. This aspect and its direct relation to robotics and vision will be discussed in several chapters of this multi-authored textbook, which resulted from the ASI meeting. Moreover, group theory, beginning with the work of Burnside, Frobenius and Schur, has been influenced by even more general problems. As a result, general group actions have provided the setting for powerful methods within group theory and for the use of groups in applications to physics, chemistry, molecular biology, and signal processing. These aspects, too, will be covered in detail. With the rapidly growing importance of, and ever expanding conceptual and computational demands on signal and image processing in remote sensing, computer vision, medical image processing, and biological signal processing, and on neural and quantum computing, geometric algebras, and computational group harmonic analysis, the topics of the book have emerged as key tools. The list of authors includes many of the world's leading experts in the development of new algebraic modeling and signal representation methodologies, novel Fourier-based and geometric transforms, and computational algorithms required for realizing the potential of these new application fields