Enhancing Halal Sustainability : selected papers from the 4th International Halal Conference 2019

The global halal industry is likely to grow to between three and four trillion US dollars in the next five years, from the current estimated two trillion, backed by a continued demand from both Muslims and non-Muslims for halal products. Realising the importance of the halal industry to the global community, the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), the Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM) and Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University (UNISSA) Brunei have organised the 4th International Halal Conference (INHAC) 2019 under the theme “Enhancing Halal Sustainability'. This book contains selected papers presented at INHAC 2019. It addresses halal-related issues that are applicable to various industries and explores a variety of contemporary and emerging issues. It covers aspects of halal food safety, related services such as tourism and hospitality, the halal industry - including aspects of business ethics, policies and practices, quality assurance, compliance and Shariahgovernance Issues, as well as halal research and educational development. Highlighting findings from both scientific and social research studies, it enhances the discussion on the halal industry (both in Malaysia and internationally), and serves as an invitation to engage in more advanced research on the global halal industry. Preface Contents Part I: Halal Research and Education Students ́ Perception Towards Halal Food in Cube Shop: The Importance of Transparency 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Literature Review 3.1 Muslim Consumer Behaviour and Awareness 3.2 Perceptions on Halal Food 3.3 Factors Influencing Halal Food Selection 3.4 Halal Food Standards 4 Research Objective 5 Research Methodology 6 Findings 7 Discussion 8 Implications and Recommendation 9 Conclusion References Understanding Level of Science-Related Halal Academic Courses Among Malaysian University Students: An Experimental Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Halal Education 1.2 Science and Technology Elements in Halal Education 2 Materials and Method 3 Results 3.1 Descriptive Statistics of Scores for Knowledge of Halal in Animal Slaughtering Practice (HASP) 3.2 Descriptive Statistics of Scores for Halal in Food Science and Technology (HFST) 3.3 Paired Samples Test for Tests and Quizes Between HASP and HFST 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Counterfeit Fashion Goods Purchase Intention Among Muslim Millennial: What Counts-Religiosity, Ethical Concern or Attitude Tow... 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings and Analysis 5 Conclusion 6 Limitation and Further Research References Is Sharia-Compliant Hotel a Good Investment? Using Netnography Research Method to Explore the Society ́s Perceptions 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 What Is Sharia-Compliant Hotel? 3 Methods 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Is Sharia-Compliant Hotel a Good Investment? 5 Conclusion References Enhancement of Halal Virtual Inspection Model: The Requirements of Food Premise Virtual Inspection Process 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Halal Certification as an Islamic Food Assurance System 2.2 Halal Inspection Process and Requirements 2.3 Work System Framework (WSF) 3 Methodology 3.1 Interview 4 Analysis 4.1 Interview Analysis 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusion References Fiqh Traveller According to Maqasid Shariah 1 Introduction 2 The Study of Travelling Trends 3 The Concept of Travelling from the Islamic Perspective 3.1 The Significance of Travellings from the Islamic Perspective 3.2 The Issues of Muslim Travellers 4 Methodology 5 Analysis of Islamic Rulings (Fiqh) Related to Travelling 5.1 Purification of the Traveller 5.2 Prayer 5.3 Halal Food 5.4 Shariah-Compliance Activities 5.5 Accompanied by Mahram 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Factors Contributing to Mosque Tourism in Malaysia 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methods 4 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusion 5.1 Managerial Implications References Classification of Visual Marker in YouTube Videos: A Preliminary Outlook 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Extremist YouTube Videos 2.2 Visual Marker (VM) 3 The Method 3.1 Identification of Video Specimen 3.2 Investigation of Item (VM) 3.3 Classification of Category 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Video Specimen 4.2 Visual Marker (VM) 4.3 Matrix of Specimen vs. VM 5 Conclusion References Shariah Compliant Guidelines on the Use of Gadgets 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review: The Impact of Gadget on Users 3.1 Advantages of Gadgets 3.1.1 Save Time, Energy and Money 3.1.2 Increase the Ability to Think and Reason 3.1.3 Build Up a Social Network 3.1.4 Medium to Promote Business 3.1.5 Easy Access to Knowledge and Information 3.2 Disadvantages of Gadgets 3.2.1 Nomophobia (Gadget Addiction) 3.2.2 Exposure to Negative Elements 3.2.3 Less Focus on Work and Daily Tasks 3.2.4 Loss of Time and Money 3.2.5 Harm Health 3.2.6 Anti-social 4 Findings and Discussion: Shariah-Compliant Guidelines on the Use of Gadgets 4.1 Use of Gadgets for Beneficial Purposes Only 4.2 Do Not Browse Websites or Pages with Harmful Features 4.3 Limit the Amount of Time of Access/Use of Gadgets 4.4 Practice the Islamic rulings 4.5 Adhere to the Islamic Cyber-Ethics 4.6 No Abandonment of Religious Obligations 4.7 Does Not Infringe Intellectual Property Rights 4.8 Maintaining Cyber-Security 4.9 Verification (tabayyun) 5 Conclusion References Developing Basic Criteria in Halal Food Security: An Overview from Islamic Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 The Islamic Position on Food Security 3 Basic Criteria in Halal Food Security 3.1 God as Provider 3.2 Guaranteed Income from Allah SWT to All Creatures 3.3 The Role of Government 3.4 The Preservation of Life 4 Conclusion References Part II: Halal Business and Industry Sharia Issues About Bitcoin Cryptocurrency Transactions 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Sharia Issues About Bitcoin 3.1 Status of Bitcoin Manufacturer 3.2 Status of Bitcoin Existence 3.3 The Feature of Bitcoin as a Property 3.4 Volatility (Uncertainty) and Stability of Bitcoin Prices 3.5 The Use of Bitcoin for Illegal Activity 4 Recommendatons 5 Conclusion References Shariah Governance in the Face of Value-Based Intermediation: Islamic Banking to Thrive Beyond Halal 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Value-Based Intermediation (VBI) 4 Islamic Banking, Shariah Governance, and VBI 5 Shariah Committee 6 Integration Between the Board and Shariah Committee 7 Management and Its Daily Operations Oversight 8 Conclusion References Marketing Innovation of Muslim Agro-Food Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Peninsular Malaysia 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Performance of Muslim Agro-Food SMEs 2.2 Innovative Marketing Strategies 2.3 Innovative Market Orientation 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Socio-Demographic Profiles of Respondents 4.2 Firmographic Profiles 4.3 Performance Status of Muslim Agro-Food SMEs 4.4 Relationship Between Innovative Marketing Strategies and Performance of Muslim Agro-Food SMEs 4.5 Relationship Between Innovative Market Orientation and Performance of Muslim Agro-Food SMEs 5 Conclusion References Development of Gold Using Model as Takaful Contract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Findings 4.1 Contracts Related to Early Islamic Takaful 4.2 Contemporary Takaful Application Contracts and Models 4.3 Proposed Takaful Model Based on the Use of Gold 4.3.1 Gold Wadi ́ah Model 4.3.2 Gold Mudharabah Model 4.3.3 Gold Wakalah Model 4.3.4 Cash Waqf Gold Model 5 Conclusion References Earning Announcement and Stock Return: Evidence from Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Prospect Theory 2.2 Information and Stock Reaction 2.3 Investor Sentiment and Trading Volume 2.4 Hypothesis Development 3 Research Method 3.1 Variables 3.1.1 Dependent Variable 3.1.2 Independent Variables 3.1.3 Control Variables 4 Discussion 4.1 Descriptive Statistic 4.2 Robusteness Analysis 5 Concluding Remarks References A Conceptual Framework: Enhancing Shariah Compliance via Adopting Enterprise Waqf Model as Endowment for Urban Regeneration De... 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Wakalah-Waqf Model 2.2 Cash Waqf and e-Waqf Model 2.3 Deposit Cash Waqf Model 2.4 Deposit Waqf Product Model 2.5 Waqf Share Model 2.6 Corporate Waqf Model 2.7 Compulsory Cash Waqf Model 2.8 Cooperative Waqf Model 2.9 Enterprise Waqf Fund Model 2.10 Sukuk Model 2.11 Waqf Certificates 3 Research Methodology 4 Result and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Islamic Mediation Model: An Adoption on Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional (PTPTN) 1 Introduction 2 Criteria of Islamic Mediation 2.1 Conflicts and Disputations in PTPTN 2.2 Classification of PTPTN Conflicts in Islamic Mediation (Sulh) Criteria 2.3 Conceptual Framework (Fig. 1) 3 Conclusion References Solution to Malaysia Halal Certification Premises Issue Through Waqf Commercial Building: A Preliminary Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Finding and Discussion 4.1 Why Premise Is One of the Requirements for Having MHC? 4.2 What Are the Factors Contributed to the ``Premises Absent ́ ́ Among Micros in MHC? 4.3 How Does Waqf Could Help Premises Issues for MHC? 5 Conclusion References Investment Prospect of Halal Products in Indonesia: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Eligibility Criteria for the Studies 2.2 Identification of Relevant Studies 2.3 Selection of Studies 2.4 Control of Bias Assessment 2.5 Collection, Extraction and Analysis of Data 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Halal Food Sector 3.2 Islamic Finance Sector 3.3 Halal Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Sectors 3.4 Modest Fashion 3.5 Halal Tourism 3.6 Finding Prediction Result Through Trend Analysis 4 Conclusion 5 Recommendation References Part III: Halal Science Detection of Pork DNA in Meatballs and Ice Cream Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR... 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials 2.2 Beef Gelatin 2.3 DNA Isolation and Extraction of Meatballs and Ice Cream 2.4 PCR with Cytochrome b Primer 2.5 RFLP with BseDI Restriction Enzyme 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Isolation and Extraction of DNA Sample 3.2 PCR Optimization 3.3 RFLP 4 Conclusion References Utilization of Banana Peel-Wastes for the Production of Low-Cost and Shariah-Compliant Amylolytic Enzyme 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Thermophilic Bacterial Isolation and Screening for Thermostable Amylases 2.2 Optimum Temperature of Bacterial Growth 2.3 Qualitative Enzyme Determination 2.4 Quantitative Enzyme Determination 2.5 Optimization of pH for Enzyme Production 2.6 Optimization of Enzyme Production Using Different Concentration of Banana Peels 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Isolation, Screening and Selection of Thermostable Amylase-Producing Bacteria 3.2 Determination of Optimum Temperature for Amylase Production 3.3 Optimization of pH for Enzyme Production 3.4 Comparative Study of Banana Peels and Starch as Carbon Source 3.5 Optimization of Enzyme Production Using Different Concentration of Banana Peels 4 Conclusion References Utilization of Bioreactor Operation Mode in Producing Influenza Vaccine Syariah-Compliant 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Bioreactor Modelling 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Batch Process (Disposable Reactor and Stainless Steel) 3.2 Continuous Process 3.3 Fed Batch 3.4 Comparison of the Mode Operation 4 Conclusion References The Identification of Alcohol Percentage Limit in Halal Food Using Fuzzy Logic 1 Introduction 2 Fuzzy Logic Framework 3 Conclusion References Food Colouring Issues in the alāl Industry 1 Introduction 2 The Halāl Concept 3 Food Colouring 4 Types of Food Colouring 4.1 Natural Food Colouring 4.2 Animal Source 4.3 Plant Source 4.4 Mineral Source 4.5 Artificial Food Colouring 5 Food Colouring Issues 6 Recommendation and Conclusion References Anti-microbial Properties of Turmeric Extracts Against Common Oral Pathogens as a Potential Therapeutic Alternative in Dentist... 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Bacterial Preparation 2.2 Extraction Procedure 2.3 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Test 2.3.1 Bacterial Inoculum Preparation for MIC Test 2.3.2 Antibiotic Preparation 2.3.3 MTT Reagent Preparation 2.3.4 Broth Micro Dilution Method (MIC Test) 2.4 Results 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Horse Mackerel (Trachurus Trachurus) Skin Gelatin and Its Physicochemical Properties 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation of Trachurus trachurus Skins 2.2 Extraction of Gelatin from Trachurus trachurus Skins 2.2.1 Acid Hydrolysis (Control) 2.2.2 Combination of Acid and Alkali Hydrolysis 2.2.3 Yield of Gelatin 2.3 Physicochemical Properties of Gelatin 2.3.1 Determination of Moisture Content 2.3.2 Determination of Protein 2.3.3 Determination of pH 2.3.4 Determination of Solubility 2.3.5 Determination of Colour 2.4 Rheology Properties of Gelatin 2.4.1 Determination of Gel Strength 2.4.2 Determination of Melting Point 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Physicochemical Properties of Gelatin 3.1 Gelatine Yield 3.2 Moisture Content 3.3 Protein Content 3.4 pH of Gelatin 3.5 Solubility of Gelatin 3.6 Colour of Gelatin 3.7 Rheology Properties of Gelatin 3.7.1 Gel Strength of Gelatin 3.7.2 Melting Point of Gelatin 4 Conclusion References Water Treatment from Fiqh and Science Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 Water Treatment and Purification Process History 3 Methodology 4 Finding 4.1 Water Treatment from Fiqh Perspectives 4.2 Water Treatment from Science Perspectives 5 Conclusion References Part IV: Halal Management The Effect of Operational Capabilities and Process Management on Firm Performance of Halal Food Manufacturers in Sarawak, Mala... 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Operational Capabilities, Process Management and Firm Performance 2.2 Conceptual Framework 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Hypotheses 4 Findings 5 Discussion and Conclusion References The Factors Influencing Islamic Leadership in Project Management: A Pilot Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Leadership 2.2 Islamic Leadership 2.3 Project Management 2.4 Justice (Al-Adalah) 2.5 Communication (Musyawarah) 2.6 Trust (Amanah) 2.7 Knowledge (Fathonah) 2.8 Commitment 2.9 Conceptual Framework 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Pretesting 3.2 Pilot Study 3.3 Results of the Analytical Output 3.4 PLS Data Analyses and Results 3.4.1 Measurement Model Analysis A. Convergent Validity B. Discriminant Validity 3.4.2 Regression Analysis 4 Discussion and Conclusion 5 Conclusion References Developing of Crowdsourcing Theoretical Framework: An Analysis Crowdsourcing Issues from Shari ́a Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Sharia Compliance Idealism or Is It Just Another Fallible in Management Innovation Model? 1 Introduction 2 Learning to Becoming Sharia Compliance Organization 2.1 The Delimiting Aspects to Learning Facilitation 2.2 The Used of Agency Theory 3 Interpretivism Approach in Management Innovation 4 Conclusion: Learning to the Praxis of Ittqan References Halal Management System for Main Course Product in Aerofood Indonesia-Yogyakarta Ltd: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Critical Control Point (CCP) 3.1.1 Receiving 3.1.2 Storage 3.1.3 Hot Kitchen, Bakery and Pastry 3.1.4 Blast Chilling 3.1.5 Meal Tray Set-Up 3.2 Halal Management System 3.2.1 Halal Policy 3.2.2 Halal Management Organization 3.2.3 Training Programmes 3.2.4 Materials 3.2.5 Product 3.2.6 Production Facility 3.2.7 Product Handling for Nonconformance Product 3.2.8 Traceability 3.2.9 Internal Audit 3.2.10 Management Review 4 Conclusion References Halal Supply Chain of Chicken Meat in Negeri Sembilan 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Method 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 First Pattern of Chicken Meat Supply Chain 4.2 Second Pattern of Chicken Meat Supply Chain 4.3 Third Pattern of Chicken Meat Supply Chain 5 Discussion and Recommendation 6 Conclusion References Risk Assessment on Bird Slaughterhouses in Negeri Sembilan 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 4 Results 5 Findings 6 Discussion 7 Recommendation and Conclusion References Effect of Halal Product Variation and Display Layout Toward Visit of Interest China Town Bandung 1 Introduction 2 Literature 2.1 Product Variation 2.2 Display Layout 2.3 Consumer Interest 3 Method 3.1 Analysis 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Reliability and Validity 4.2 Hypothesis Testing 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Index The global halal industry is likely to grow to between three and four trillion US dollars in the next five years, from the current estimated two trillion, backed by a continued demand from both Muslims and non-Muslims for halal products. Realising the importance of the halal industry to the global community, the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), the Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM) and Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University (UNISSA) Brunei have organised the 4th International Halal Conference (INHAC) 2019 under the theme Enhancing Halal Sustainability'. This book contains selected papers presented at INHAC 2019. It addresses halal-related issues that are applicable to various industries and explores a variety of contemporary and emerging issues. It covers aspects of halal food safety, related services such as tourism and hospitality, the halal industry - including aspects of business ethics, policies and practices, quality assurance, compliance and Shariah governance Issues, as well as halal research and educational development. Highlighting findings from both scientific and social research studies, it enhances the discussion on the halal industry (both in Malaysia and internationally), and serves as an invitation to engage in more advanced research on the global halal industry