English Renaissance Drama and the Specter of Spain : Ethnopoetics and Empire

The specter of Spain rarely figures in our discussions of the drama that is often regarded as the crowning achievement of the English literary Renaissance. Yet dramatists such as Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare are exactly contemporary with England's protracted conflict with the Spanish Empire, a traditional ally turned archetypical adversary. Were these playwrights really so mute with respect to their nation's Spanish troubles? Or have we failed—for reasons cultural and institutional—to hear the Hispanophobic crosstalk that permeated the drama no less than England's other public discourses? Imagining an early modern public sphere in which dramatists cross pens with proto-imperialists, Protestant polemicists, recusant apologists, and a Machiavellian network of propagandists that included high government officials as well as journeyman printers, Eric Griffin uncovers the rhetorical strategies through which the Hispanophobic perspectives that shaped the so-called Black Legend of Spanish Cruelty were written into English cultural memory. At the same time, he demonstrates that the English were as ready to invoke Spain in the spirit of envious emulation as to demonize the Spanish other as an ethnic agent of intolerance and oppression. Interrogating the Whiggish orientation that has continued to view the English Renaissance through a haze of Anglo-American triumphalism, English Renaissance Drama and the Specter of Spain recovers the voices of key Spanish participants and the "Hispanized" Catholic resistance, revealing how England and Spain continued to draw upon shared traditions and cultural resources, even during the moments of their most storied confrontation.

The specter of Spain rarely figures in our discussions of the drama that is often regarded as the crowning achievement of the English literary Renaissance. Yet dramatists such as Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare are exactly contemporary with England's protracted conflict with the Spanish Empire, a traditional ally turned archetypical adversary. Were these playwrights really so mute with respect to their nation's Spanish troubles? Or have we failed—for reasons cultural and institutional—to hear the Hispanophobic crosstalk that permeated the drama no less than England's other public discourses?

Imagining an early modern public sphere in which dramatists cross pens with proto-imperialists, Protestant polemicists, recusant apologists, and a Machiavellian network of propagandists that included high government officials as well as journeyman printers, Eric Griffin uncovers the rhetorical strategies through which the Hispanophobic perspectives that shaped the so-called Black Legend of Spanish Cruelty were written into English cultural memory. At the same time, he demonstrates that the English were as ready to invoke Spain in the spirit of envious emulation as to demonize the Spanish other as an ethnic agent of intolerance and oppression.

Interrogating the Whiggish orientation that has continued to view the English Renaissance through a haze of Anglo-American triumphalism, English Renaissance Drama and the Specter of Spain recovers the voices of key Spanish participants and the "Hispanized" Catholic resistance, revealing how England and Spain continued to draw upon shared traditions and cultural resources, even during the moments of their most storied confrontation.

The specter of Spain rarely figures in our discussions of the drama that is often regarded as the crowning achievement of the English literary Renaissance. Yet dramatists such as Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare are exactly contemporary with England's protracted conflict with the Spanish Empire, a traditional ally turned archetypical adversary. Were these playwrights really so mute with respect to their nation's Spanish troubles? Or have we failed—for reasons cultural and institutional—to hear the Hispanophobic crosstalk that permeated the drama no less than England's other public discourses? Interrogating the Whiggish orientation that has continued to view the English Renaissance through a haze of Anglo-American triumphalism, __English Renaissance Drama and the Specter of Spain__ recovers the voices of key Spanish participants and the "Hispanized" Catholic resistance, revealing how England and Spain continued to draw upon shared traditions and cultural resources, even during the moments of their most storied confrontation. "The specter of Spain rarely figures in our discussions of the drama that is often regarded as the crowning achievement of the English literary Renaissance. Yet dramatists such as Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare are exactly contemporary with England's protracted conflict with the Spanish Empire, a traditional ally turned archetypal adversary. Were these playwrights really so mute with respect to their nation's Spanish troubles? Or have we failed -- for reasons cultural and institutional -- to hear the Hispanophobic crosstalk that permeated the drama no less than England's other public discourses? Cover 1 Contents 10 List of Illustrations 12 Introduction: The Specter of Spain 14 ONE: From Ethos to Ethnos 40 TWO: A Long and Lively Antithesis 62 THREE: Thomas Kyd's Tragedy of "the Spains" 80 FOUR: Marlowe Among the Machevills 110 FIVE: Shakespeare's Comical History 148 SIX: Othello's Spanish Spirits: Or, Un-sainting James 181 Afterword: A Natural Enemy 220 NOTES 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY 276 INDEX 304 A 304 B 304 C 305 D 305 E 306 F 306 G 307 H 307 I 308 J 308 K 308 L 308 M 309 N 310 O 310 P 310 Q 310 R 310 S 311 T 311 U 312 V 312 W 312 Y 312 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 314 Interrogating the Whiggish orientation that has continued to view the English Renaissance through a haze of Anglo-American triumphalism, 'English Renaissance drama and the specter of Spain' recovers the voices of key Spanish participants and the 'Hispanized' Catholic resistance, revealing how England and Spain continued to draw upon shared traditions and cultural resources, even during the moments of their most storied confrontation." -- from the dustjacket Eric J. Griffin discovers the rhetorical strategies through which the Hispanophobic perspectives now known as the Black Legend of Spanish Cruelty were written into English cultural memory.