英语词缀与英语派生词 = English affixes and how to use them to decipher English derivatives

目录 第一部分 英语词缀的基本知识 一、 什么是词缀 四、 英语词缀的各种分类法 五、 从词缀的角度反思英语构词法 八、 词缀的含义与派生词的词义 10种不同含义的前缀 8种不同含义的后缀 词缀语义与派生词词义之间的关系 最常见的英语前缀及其派生词 A a-=on,in a-=not,without ab-(abs-)=away from,off ad-(ac-,af-,etc.)=to,at ante-=before,in front of anti-(ant-)=against,opposing B be-=about;completely/to make;to provide with bi-(bin-)=two;twice;doubly by-=secondary;near by C circum-=around,about com-(co-,col-,con-,cor-)=with,together contra-=against,opposite counter-=against,opposite,in return D de-=down;away/to undo;to make down or away di-=twice,two dia-(di-)=through,across dis-(dif-,di-)=apart;to undo;lack of,to remove;not E en-(em-)=to put into;to make ex-(e-,ef-)=out,out of/former extra-=outside;beyond F for-=forth;away fore-=front;before;beforehand I in-(il-,im-,ir-)=not;lack of in-(il-,im-,ir-)=in,into;on,upon;towards inter-(intel-)=between;mutual,mutually K kilo-=one thousand M mal-(male-)=bad,badly;evil,evilly micro-=small,very small;one millionth mis-=bad,badly;wrong,wrongly multi-=many;having many;many times N non-=not;absence of;without O ob-(oc-,of-,op-)=toward;against out-=out,outside;more than,to surpass,to be more than over-=above,across;too;too much P para-(par-)=beside,near;related to,subordinate to per-=through;throughout;thoroughly;to destruction peri-=around;near post-=after;behind pre-=before,beforehand;in front pro-=forward,forth,out;in favour of,in place of R re-(red-)=back;again;against S se-(sed-)=apart,aside,away self-=oneself;by oneself;automatic,automatically semi-=half;partly;half a time or twice sub-(suc-,suf-,etc.)=under;subordinate;incompletely;further super-=above;beyond;more than;excessively sur-=above,beyond syn-(syl-,sym-,sy-)=with,together T tele-=afar;operating over a distance;having to do with television,etc. trans-(tran-,tra-)=across;beyond;over tri-=three;having three U ultra-=beyond;on the other side;excessively un-=not;lack of;to undo/to remove under-=under,beneath;lower;not enough up-=up;upward;upper;to make···upward W with-=against;away;back;with 最常见的英语后缀及其派生词 A -able(-ible)=that can be ~ed;able to be ~ed -age n.=the act or result of ~ing/a group of or a place for ~s;the condition of ~ -al(-ial,-ical,-ual)=of ~;like ~;having the nature of ~/the act of ~ing -ance(-ancy)=the act or fact of ~ing;the state or quality of being ~ed;a thing that ~s;what is ~ed -ant=that ~s;~ing/a person or thing that ~s -ar(-ular,-icular)=of ~;like ~;having the nature of ~/one that is connected with ~ -ary=a place for ~;a collection of ~s;a person or thing connected with ~/of ~;being ~;characterized by ~ -ate=of ~;having ~;like ~/to become ~ or cause to be ~;to produce ~;to supply or treat with ~;to combine with ~/salt made from ~,etc. D -dom=the rank or realm of ~;all who are ~s/the condition or fact of being ~ E -ed=having ~;having the characteristics of ~ -ee=a person who is ~ed;a person to whom sth. is ~ed;a person who ~s -en=to cause to be ~/to cause to have ~/made of ~;having the look of ~ -ence(-ency)=the act or fact of -ing;the quality or condition of ~ing -ent=that ~s;~ing/one that ~s -er=a person or thing that ~s/a person living in ~;a person who makes or works with ~;a person who has ~ -ery=a place for ~ing/a place for ~s;the art or occuption of a ~;the condition,quality or action of a ~;a group of ~s F -ful=full of;showing ~;having the qualities of ~;that can be of ~/as much as a ~ can fill -fy=to make ~,to cause to be ~;to become H -hood=the state of quality of ~;the character of ~;a group or body of ~s;a concrete instance of ~ I -ic=of ~;having the nature of ~;being ~;made up of ~;made or caused by ~;like ~/an art or system of thought;a person connected with ~ -ion=the act or process of ~ing;the result of ~ing;the condition of being ~ed;a thing or process that ~s -ish=like ~;of ~;tending to ~;about or slightly past ~/somewhat ~ -ism=the doctrine,theory or system of ~;a disease caused by ~/the quality or condition of being ~;instance of being ~ -ite=an inhabitant of ~;a descendant of ~;a supporter or follower of ~;a person associated with ~/a mineral species;a fossil;an explosive;a chemical product -ity(-ty,-ety)=the condition,quality or fact of being ~ -ive=~ing;having the quality of ~ing;tending to ~ -ize=to make ~;to become ~;to engage in or use ~;to treat in the way of ~;to act like ~ L -less=without ~;lacking ~;free from ~/that never ~s;that cannot be ~ed -logy=the doctrine,study or science of ~;the speech or discussion of ~ -ly=like a ~;characteristic of ~;suited to ~;occuring once a ~;of or being a ~ M -ment=the act or state or fact of ~ing;the condition of being ~ed;the product or result of ~ing;the cause or means of ~ing N -ness=the quality or condition of being ~;~action or behaviour;an instance of being ~ O -or=a person or thing that ~s -ory=a place of ~ing;a thing used for ~ing/~ing;characterized by ~ion;tending or serving to ~ -our(-or)=the act,state,quality or characteristics of ~ing -ous=having ~,full of ~;characterized by ~,having the nature of ~;having to do with ~;of ~;like ~;practising ~ R -ry=the occupation of a ~;the act of a ~;the quality or condition of a ~;a collection of ~s/a place for ~ S -ship=the position or occupation of ~;the quality or condition of being ~;the act or skill of ~;the relation between ~s;the number of ~s -some=causing ~;tending to ~;~ to a considerable degree T -th=number ~ in order/the action or process of ~ing/the quality or condition of being ~ U -ure=the act or fact of ~ing;the condition of being ~ed;the result of being ~ed;sth. that ~s or is ~ed W -ward(s)=tending to ~;in the direction of ~;toward ~ -wise=in a ~ manner;like a ~;in the direction of ~;in the ~ respect Y -y(-ey)=full of ~;containing ~;characterized by ~;resembling ~;somewhat ~;inclined to ~ -y=the act of ~ing/the condition or quality of being ~;a group of ~s;~ condition or quality 较常见的英语前缀及其派生词 A acro-=tip aeri-,aero-=air;aircraft afore-=before agro-=field;agriculture alti-,alto-=high amb(i)-=both;around amphi-=on both sides;around ana-=back;again;up anthrop(o)-=human being apo-=away off arch(i)-=chief,principal astro-=star;space atmo-=vapour auto-=self;automatic B bene-=well biblio=book;the Bible bio-=life C caco-=bad calor(i)-=heat carb(o)-=carbon cardio-=the heart cat(a)-=down;against;wrongly;completely cent(i)-=hundred;a hundredth centri-,centro-=centre chem(o)-=chemical chromo-,chromato-=colour;chromatin chron(o)-=time cis-=on this side cosmo-=world;universe cruci-=cross cryo-=cold,low temperature crypto-=hidden cyber-=computer cyclo-=circle D dec(a)-=ten deci-=tenth denti-,dento-=tooth dermat(o)-=shin deuter(o)-=second dipl(o)-=double duo-=two dys-=bad;abnormal E F G H hetero-=different homo-=the same I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Z 较常见的英语后缀及其派生词 A B C -cracy=power or rule E F G H I K L M -mania=unusual or unreasonable fondness N O P R S T U V Y