موتورهای آزادی: قدرت فعالان شهروندی برای ایجاد قانون اساسی

From the national legal director of the ACLU, an essential guidebook for anyone seeking to stand up for fundamental civil liberties and rights One of Washington Post 's Notable Nonfiction Books of 2016 In an age of executive overreach, what role do American citizens have in safeguarding our Constitution and defending liberty? Must we rely on the federal courts, and the Supreme Court above all, to protect our rights? In Engines of Liberty , the esteemed legal scholar David Cole argues that we all have a part to play in the grand civic dramas of our era — and in a revised introduction and conclusion, he proposes specific tactics for fighting Donald Trump's policies. Examining the most successful rights movements of the last thirty years, Cole reveals how groups of ordinary Americans confronting long odds have managed, time and time again, to convince the courts to grant new rights and protect existing ones. Engines of Liberty is a fundamentally new explanation of how our Constitution works and the part citizens play in it. From An Award-winning Legal Scholar, A Stirring Argument About The Central Role Of Citizen Activists In Shaping Our Nation's Constitutional Law Who Determines Whether Gay Americans Can Marry? Who Says Whether Citizens Can Own Guns? And Who Decides On The Fate Of Prisoners Taken In The War On Terror? Most Americans Would Answer: The Supreme Court. While The Rest Of Us Stand By Waiting For Their Decisions, The Nine Justices Decide The Fate Of Our Freedoms. Overturning This Conventional Wisdom, David Cole Argues That Citizen Activists Are The True Drivers Of Constitutional Change. He Shows That Time And Time Again, Associations Of Ordinary Americans Have Persuaded A Majority Of The Justices To Adopt Their Point Of View And Transform Constitutional Law. Revealing The Tactics Successful Causes Adopt, Cole Offers A Guidebook For Anyone Seeking Social Change, As Well As A Deeper Understanding Of How Our Constitution Actually Works. An Unexpected Account Of The Power Of Small Groups Of Committed People, The Spirit Of Liberty Is Essential Reading For Anyone Who Has Lost Faith In Political Activism In Our Era Of Gridlock.-- Most Americans See The Supreme Court As The Ultimate Arbiter Of Constitutional Freedoms. They Are Not Wrong To Do So: Most Of The Major Changes We Have Seen To Our Constitutional Rights In The Past 200 Years--ending Segregation, Prohibiting Sex Discrimination, Protecting Political Association--have Come About Because Of Decisions Made By The Supreme Court. But As The Award-winning Constitutional Scholar David Cole Argues In The Spirit Of Liberty, While The Supreme Court May Be The Final Decision Maker, It Is Not The True Source Of Constitutional Change. Citizen Activists Are. Many Times In This Nation's History, Citizens Have Fought To Get Their Causes On The Court's Docket--and Have Successfully Waged Parallel Battles In The Court Of Public Opinion, Which Often Guides The Supreme Court's Decisions. Through The Stories Of Three Successful Campaigns--for Same-sex Marriage, Against Gun Control, And For Civil Liberties In The War On Terror--cole Reveals How Advocates And Interest Groups Sway The Supreme Court And, In The Process, Rewrite Constitutional Law.-- The Vision -- A Marathon, Not A Sprint : Vermont -- One Step Forward, How Many Back? Massachusetts -- A Victory Lost And Regained : California -- Losing Forward : Maine -- The End Game : Windsor And Obergefell -- One State At A Time -- Revisionist History -- Federal Forums -- Supreme Recognition -- People Power -- Completely Hopeless -- Korematsu's Legacy -- At Home Abroad -- Messages And Messengers -- Transformative Transparency -- The Obama Difference. David Cole. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "For more than three hundred years, the world wrestled with conflicts that arose between nation-states. Nation-states wielded military force, financial pressure, and diplomatic persuasion to create "world order." Even after the end of the Cold War, the elements comprising world order remained essentially unchanged. But 2012 marked a transformation in geopolitics and the tactics of both the established powers and smaller entities looking to challenge the international community. That year, the US government revealed its involvement in Operation "Olympic Games," a mission aimed at disrupting the Iranian nuclear program through cyberattacks; Russia and China conducted massive cyber-espionage operations; and the world split over the governance of the Internet. Cyberspace became a battlefield. Cyber conflict is hard to track, often delivered by proxies, and has outcomes that are hard to gauge. It demands that the rules of engagement be completely reworked and all the old niceties of diplomacy be recast. Many of the critical resources of statecraft are now in the hands of the private sector, giant technology companies in particular. In this new world order, cybersecurity expert Adam Segal reveals, power has been well and truly hacked"-- Provided by publisher " From an award-winning legal scholar, a stirring argument about the central role of citizen activists in shaping our nation's constitutional law Who determines whether gay Americans can marry? Who says whether citizens can own guns? And who decides on the fate of prisoners taken in the War on Terror? Most Americans would answer: the Supreme Court. While the rest of us stand by waiting for their decisions, the nine justices decide the fate of our freedoms. Overturning this conventional wisdom, David Cole argues that citizen activists are the true drivers of constitutional change. He shows that time and time again, associations of ordinary Americans have persuaded a majority of the justices to adopt their point of view and transform constitutional law. Revealing the tactics successful causes adopt, Cole offers a guidebook for anyone seeking social change, as well as a deeper understanding of how our Constitution actually works. An unexpected account of the power of small groups of committed people, The Spirit of Liberty is essential reading for anyone who has lost faith in political activism in our era of gridlock. "-- Provided by publisher **From the national legal director of the ACLU, an essential guidebook for anyone seeking to stand up for fundamental civil liberties and rights****One of __Washington Post__'s Notable Nonfiction Books of 2016**In an age of executive overreach, what role do American citizens have in safeguarding our Constitution and defending liberty? Must we rely on the federal courts, and the Supreme Court above all, to protect our rights? In , the esteemed legal scholar David Cole argues that we all have a part to play in the grand civic dramas of our era--and in a revised introduction and conclusion, he proposes specific tactics for fighting Donald Trump's policies.Examining the most successful rights movements of the last thirty years, Cole reveals how groups of ordinary Americans confronting long odds have managed, time and time again, to convince the courts to grant new rights and protect existing ones. is a fundamentally new explanation of how our Constitution works and the part citizens play in it. From the National Legal Director of the ACLU, an essential guidebook for anyone seeking to stand up for fundamental civil liberties and rights One of Washington Post 's Notable Nonfiction Books of 2016 In an age of executive overreach, what role do American citizens have in safeguarding our Constitution and defending liberty? Must we rely on the federal courts, and the Supreme Court above all, to protect our rights? In Engines of Liberty , the esteemed legal scholar and National Legal Director of the ACLU David Cole argues that we all have a part to play in the grand civic dramas of our era—and in a revised Introduction and Conclusion, he proposes specific tactics for fighting Donald Trump's policies. Examining the most successful rights movements of the last thirty years, Cole reveals how groups of ordinary Americans confronting long odds have managed, time and time again, to convince the courts to grant new rights... Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph Introduction PART ONE: Marriage Equality 1The Vision 2A Marathon, Not a Sprint: Vermont 3One Step Forward, How Many Back? Massachusetts 4A Victory Lost—and Regained: California 5Losing Forward: Maine 6The End Game: Windsor and Obergefell PART TWO: Right to Bear Arms 7One State at a Time 8Revisionist History 9Federal Forums 10Supreme Recognition 11People Power PART THREE: Human Rights in the War on Terror 12“Completely Hopeless” 13Korematsu’s Legacy 14At Home Abroad 15Messages and Messengers 16Transformative Transparency 17The Obama Difference Conclusion Chronologies Acknowledgments About the Author Also by David Cole Praise for Engines of Liberty Notes Index