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Milton Ohring's Engineering Materials Science integrates the scientific nature and modern applications of all classes of engineering materials. This comprehensive, introductory textbook will provide undergraduate engineering students with the fundamental background needed to understand the science of structure-property relationships, as well as address the engineering concerns of materials selection in design, processing materials into useful products, andhow material degrade and fail in service. Specific topics include: physical and electronic structure; thermodynamics and kinetics; processing; mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; degradation; and failure and reliability. The book offers superior coverage of electrical, optical, and magnetic materials than competing text. The author has taught introductory courses in material science and engineering both in academia and industry (AT&T Bell Laboratories) and has also written the well-received book, The Material Science of Thin Films (Academic Press). Key Features * Provides a modern treatment of materials exposing the interrelated themes of structure, properties, processing, and performance * Includes an interactive, computationally oriented, computer disk containing nine modules dealing with structure, phase diagrams, diffusion, and mechanical and electronic properties * Fundamentals are stressed * Of particular interest to students, researchers, and professionals in the field of electronic engineering Front Cover......Page 1 ENGINEERING MATERIALS SCIENCE......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 8 PREFACE......Page 14 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 18 1.1. Materials Resources and Their Implications......Page 20 1.2. Materials and Engmeering......Page 29 1.3. Engineering Materials and Selected Applications......Page 34 1.4. Conclusion......Page 43 Additional Reading......Page 44 Questions and Problems......Page 45 2.1. Introduction......Page 48 2.2. Atomic Electrons in Single Atoms......Page 50 2.3. Fingerprinting Atoms......Page 56 2.4. Electrons in Molecules and Solids......Page 62 2.5. Bonding in Solids......Page 76 2.6. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 84 Questions and Problems......Page 86 3.1. Introduction to Crystal Strumre......Page 90 3.2. Common Crystal Structures......Page 93 3.3. Atom Positions, Directions, and Planes in Crystal Structures......Page 106 3.4. Experimental Evidence for Crystal Structure......Page 112 3.5. Defects in Crystalline Solids......Page 122 3.6. Structural Morphologies and How They Are Revealed......Page 132 3.7. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 145 Questions and Problems......Page 149 4.1. Introduction......Page 154 4.2. Introduction to Polymers......Page 156 4.3. Polymer Chemistry and Structure......Page 158 4.4. Polymer Morphology......Page 172 4.5. Inorganic Glasses......Page 179 4.6. Ceramics: An Introduction......Page 186 4.7. Structure of Ceramics......Page 192 4.8. Cement and Concrete......Page 198 4.9. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 203 Questions and Problems......Page 205 5.1. Introduction......Page 208 5.2. Chemical Reactions......Page 212 5.3. Single-Component Systems......Page 217 5.4. Introduction to Binary Phase Diagrams......Page 225 5.5. Additional Phase Diagrams......Page 234 5.6. Structure and Composition of Phases......Page 247 5.7. Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces......Page 256 5.8. Thermodynamics of Point Defects......Page 259 5.9. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 261 Questions and Problems......Page 262 6.1. Introduction......Page 268 6.2. Macroscopic Diffusion Phenomena......Page 269 6.3. Atom Movements and Diffusion......Page 278 6.4. Nucleation......Page 286 6.5. Kinetics of Phase Transformations......Page 293 6.6. Generalized Solid-State Kinetics......Page 302 6.7. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 310 Questions and Problems......Page 312 7.1. Introduction......Page 318 7.2. Elastic Behavior......Page 319 7.3. Plastic Deformation of Metals......Page 326 7.4. Role of Dislocations......Page 341 7.5. Mechanical Behavior of Polymers......Page 353 7.6. Mechanical Behavior of Ceramics and Glasses......Page 360 7.7. Mechanical Testing of Materials......Page 367 7.8. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 382 Questions and Problems......Page 384 8.1. Introduction......Page 390 8.2. Solidification Processing of Metals......Page 391 8.3. Mechanical Forming Operations......Page 401 8.4. Powder Metallurgy......Page 421 8.5. Polymer Processing......Page 427 8.6. Forming Glass......Page 432 8.7. Processing of Ceramics......Page 437 8.8. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 442 Questions and Problems......Page 444 9.1. Introduction......Page 450 9.2. Heat Treatment of Steel......Page 452 9.3. Ferrous and Nonferrous Alloys: Properties and Applications......Page 469 9.4. Mechanical Working and Recrystallization......Page 472 9.5. Strengthening Nonferrous Metals......Page 482 9.6. Modeling Composite Properties......Page 490 9.7. Engineering Composites......Page 497 9.8. Ceramics and How to Strengthen and Toughen Them......Page 506 9.9. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 511 Questions and Problems......Page 514 10.1. Introduction......Page 520 10.2. Corrosion......Page 521 10.3. Gaseous Oxidation......Page 543 10.4. Wear......Page 547 10.5. Fracture of Engineering Materials......Page 553 10.6. Elevated Temperature Creep Degradation and Failure......Page 563 10.7. Fatigue......Page 565 10.8. Fracture Case History......Page 569 10.9. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 572 Questions and Problems......Page 573 11.1. Introduction to Electrical Conduction in Solids......Page 578 11.2. Electrons in Metals......Page 581 11.3. Electron Scattering and Resistivity of Metals......Page 591 11.4. Thermal Conductivity of Materials......Page 598 1 1.5. Superconductivity......Page 600 11.6. Conduction Behavior in Insulating Solids......Page 605 1 1.7. Dielectric Phenomena......Page 610 11.8. Dielectric Materials and Applications......Page 617 11.9. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 624 Additional Reading......Page 625 Questions and Problems......Page 626 12.1. Introduction......Page 630 12.2. Carriers and Conduction in Homogenous Semiconductors......Page 632 12.3. Phenomena at Semiconductor Junctions......Page 645 12.4. Diodes and Transistors......Page 653 12.5. Materials Issues in Processing Semiconductor Devices......Page 660 12.6. Fabrication of Integrated Circuit Transistors......Page 675 12.7. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 679 Questions and Problems......Page 680 13.1. Introduction......Page 684 13.2. Interaction of Light with Solids......Page 686 13.3. Appliations of the Optical Properties of Metals and Dielectrics......Page 692 13.4. Electro-optical Phenomena and Devices......Page 698 13.5. Lasers......Page 707 13.6. Optical Communications......Page 714 13.7. Miscellaneous Optical Properties and Effects......Page 722 13.8. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 724 Additional Reading......Page 725 Questions and Problems......Page 726 14.1. Introduction......Page 730 14.2. Macroscopic Interaction between Magnetic Fields and Materials......Page 732 14.3. Atomic Basis of Magnetism......Page 736 14.4. The Magnetization Process: Magnetic Domains......Page 743 14.5. Ferromagnetic Materials and Applications......Page 750 14.6. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 761 Questions and Problems......Page 762 15.1. Introduction......Page 766 15.2. Reliability in Electronics: Past, Present, and Future......Page 767 15.3. Mathematics of Failure and Reliability......Page 771 15.4. Failure Mechanisms......Page 782 15.5. Specific Examples of Failure Mechanisms......Page 791 15.6. Perspective and Conclusion......Page 802 Questions and Problems......Page 803 APPENDIX A: PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ELEMENTS (AT 20°C)......Page 808 APPENDIX B: VALUES OF SELECTED PHYSICAL CONSTANTS......Page 810 APPENDIX C: CONVERSION FACTORS......Page 812 ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS......Page 814 INDEX......Page 820 DOCUMENTATION FOR COMPUTER MODULES......Page 847 Color Plate Section......Page 852 Milton Ohring's Engineering Materials Science integrates the scientific nature and modern applications of all classes of engineering materials. This comprehensive, introductory textbook will provide undergraduate engineering students with the fundamental background needed to understand the science of structure-property relationships, as well as address the engineering concerns of materials selection in design, processing materials into useful products, andhow material degrade and fail in service. Specific topics include: physical and electronic structure; thermodynamics and kinetics; processing; mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; degradation; and failure and reliability. The book offers superior coverage of electrical, optical, and magnetic materials than competing text. The author has taught introductory courses in material science and engineering both in academia and industry (AT & T Bell Laboratories) and has also written the well-received book, The Material Science of Thin Films (Academic Press). Key Features * Provides a modern treatment of materials exposing the interrelated themes of structure, properties, processing, and performance * Includes an interactive, computationally oriented, computer disk containing nine modules dealing with structure, phase diagrams, diffusion, and mechanical and electronic properties * Fundamentals are stressed * Of particular interest to students, researchers, and professionals in the field of electronic engineering This book covers all classes of engineering materials and stresses both fundamentals and modern applications. There is also an accompanying interactive computer software disk dealing with Miller indices, X-ray diffraction, phase diagrams, and diffusion. Students trained using this book will become more competitive engineers.