Engineering Economy in Upstream Oil and Gas Field Development: A Concise Appraisal Technique for Investment Decision in Upstream Oil/Gas Projects

The business of upstream oil and gas industry is a complex process that involves multidisciplinary participation. Producing crude oil and natural gas from the subsurface reservoir rocks to the point of the selling terminal requires stage by stage processes that costs several hundreds of millions of dollars to the operating companies. Because of the capital intensive nature of upstream investments, every required process is challenged of its economic impact or benefits it will have on the project’s net present value (NPV). The techniques applied in determining the economics of these processes and their selection criteria are addressed in the book. This book guides the reader through these strategic processes, and presents the participants involved in the business of upstream oil and gas prospecting and the conditions that dictate the field development and investment decisions by investors. It also reveals the shared interests and relationships that exist between international oil companies (IOCs) and national oil companies (NOCs) in the exploration and exploitation of their hydrocarbon resources and reserves. This text will serve the purpose of teaching and learning to those in the energy and financial sectors, as the methods, tools, and techniques discussed throughout the chapters will equip students, tutors, experts, and professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge of Exploration and Production (E&P) projects and energy financing and investment. The principles of project management as it applies in upstream oil/gas projects are discussed as well. And the criteria for project ranking, selection, and budgeting which are sine qua non to project financing and execution are well documented in this book. The business of upstream oil and gas industry is a complex process that involves multidisciplinary participation. Producing crude oil and natural gas from the subsurface reservoir rocks to the point of the selling terminal requires stage by stage processes that costs several hundreds of millions of dollars to the operating companies. Because of the capital intensive nature of upstream investments, every required process is challenged of its economic impact or benefits it will have on the project's net present value (NPV). The techniques applied in determining the economics of these processes and their selection criteria are addressed in the book. This book guides the reader through these strategic processes, and presents the participants involved in the business of upstream oil and gas prospecting and the conditions that dictate the field development and investment decisions by investors. It also reveals the shared interests and relationships that exist between international oil companies (IOCs) and national oil companies (NOCs) in the exploration and exploitation of their hydrocarbon resources and reserves. This text will serve the purpose of teaching and learning to those in the energy and financial sectors, as the methods, tools, and techniques discussed throughout the chapters will equip students, tutors, experts, and professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge of Exploration and Production (EetP) projects and energy financing and investment. The principles of project management as it applies in upstream oil/gas projects are discussed as well. And the criteria for project ranking, selection, and budgeting which are sine qua non to project financing and execution are well documented in this book

Wohnen ist individuell: Jeder hat andere Vorstellungen und Wünsche vom Wohnen und durch die Art zu Wohnen äußert sich sein Lebensstil. Wohnen heißt "zuhause" sein, wo man sich im Idealfall wohlfühlt. Zum Thema Wohnen existieren zahlreiche Studien über Standards, Entwicklungen und Trends, die die Bedürfnisse von Menschen analysieren und vergleichen. Mit den Bedürfnissen aber wandeln sich im Laufe der Jahre auch die Standards und Trends. Und auch der globale und demografische Wandel unserer Gesellschaft ändert die Wohnformen, Flexibilität wird zu einem maßgeblichen Kriterium. Zum Thema Wohnen gehört aber auch die Einbindung in die Umgebung. Insbesondere in Städten leben viele Menschen auf engem Raum, es gibt wenig individuelle Freiflächen und viele gemeinschaftlich genutzte Zonen. Daher ist es umso wichtiger, dass Planer Ideen entwickeln, die dem Bedürfnis der Menschen nach einem ausgewogenen Maß von individuellem und gemeinschaftlichem Raum, auch hinsichtlich der Freiflächen, entsprechen. Die Publikation bündelt die Highlights aus DETAIL zum Thema Wohnen. Ein umfangreiches Werkverzeichnis gelungener Projektbeispiele rundet den Einblick in die verschiedenen Wohnformen ab und bietet neben dem theoretischen Unterbau vor allem Inspiration und nicht zuletzt jede Menge an konstruktiven Lösungen.