Engineering Applications of Residual Stress, Volume 8: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference ... Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)

__Engineering Applications of Residual Stress__ represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Uncasville, Connecticut, June 13-16, 2011.� The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, MEMS and Nanotechnology; Optical Measurements, Modeling and, Metrology; Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Thermomechanics and Infra-Red Imaging, and Engineering Applications of Residual Stress. Cover 1 Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series 2 Engineering Applications of Residual Stress, Volume 8 4 ISBN 9781461402244 5 Preface 6 Contents 8 Residual Stresses Measurement and Inner Geometry Inspection of Pipelines by Optical Methods 10 1. Introduction 10 2. Radial in-plane ESPI interferometer 11 2.1 The interferometer 11 2.2 Achromaticity 12 2.3 Equipment for residual stresses measurement 12 3. Residual stresses measurement in a gas pipeline 13 4. Optical profilometer with conical triangulation 14 4.1 Measurement principle 15 4.2 Constructive aspects 16 4.3 Measurement results 17 5. Optical profilometer with active photogrammetry 18 5.1 Measurement principle 18 5.2 Constructive aspects 18 5.3 Application 19 6. Conclusions 20 7. Acknowledgements 21 References 21 Contour Method Advanced Applications: Hoop Stresses in Cylinders and Discontinuities 22 INTRODUCTION 22 Hoop Stresses in Cylinders 22 Discontinuity 23 EXPERIMENTAL 23 Specimen 24 Contour method procedure 24 DATA 25 ANALYSIS 26 First cut – bending moment 26 Contour method cut and discontinuity 27 RESULTS 29 Bending moment stresses 29 Total stresses 30 DISCUSSION 33 CONCLUSION 34 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 34 REFERENCES 35 Measurement of Bulk Residual Stress Distributions in Thick-section Components using the Contour Method 38 References 40 Application of a Finite Strain Elastic-Plastic Self-Consistent Model to Deformation of Magnesium 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 43 REFERENCES 43 Probing Strained Semiconductor Structures with Nanoscale X-ray Diffraction 44 Residual Stress State in Tools Used for Thermo-mechanical Metal Forming Processes 48 Introduction 48 Experimental results and discussion 49 Conclusion 53 Acknowledgements 53 References 53 Determining Residual Stress And Young’s Modulus – Can Digital Shearography Assist 56 Introduction 56 Theory 57 Results 58 Conclusions 63 Recommendations 63 References 63 Ultrasonic Technique and Equipment for Residual Stresses Measurement 64 1. INTRODUCTION 64 2. ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES 66 2.1. Ultrasonic Method of Residual Stress Measurement 66 2.2. Ultrasonic Equipment and Software for Residual Stress Measurement 68 2.3. Examples of Residual Stress Measurements Using the Ultrasonic Method 69 2.3.1. Specimen for Fatigue Testing 69 2.3.2. Compound Pipes and Pipes with Surfacing 69 2.3.3. Measurement of Residual Stresses in Welded Samples 70 2.3.4. Measurement of Residual Stresses in Welded Structures 71 SUMMARY 74 REFERENCES 75 Benchmark measurement of residual stresses in a 7449 aluminium alloy using deep-hole and incremental centre-hole drilling methods 76 1. INTRODUCTION 76 2. MATERIAL AND TEST SPECIMENS 77 3. RESIDUAL STRESS ANALYSES 77 3.1 NEUTRON DIFFRACTION 77 3.2 STANDARD DEEP-HOLE DRILLING TECHNIQUE 78 3.3 INCREMENTAL DEEP-HOLE DRILLING TECHNIQUE 79 3.4 LAYER REMOVAL TECHNIQUE 79 3.5 X-RAY DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE 80 3.6 INCREMENTAL CENTRE-HOLE DRILLING TECHNIQUE 81 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 81 5. CONCLUSIONS 82 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 82 REFERENCES 82 A New Procedure for Measuring Residual Stresses in Electron Beam Welds Using the Deep Hole Drilling Technique 84 1 INTRODUCTION 84 2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE 85 3 SPECIMEN AND MEASUREMENTS 88 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 89 5 CONLUDING REMARKS 92 REFERENCE 92 The Incremental Core Drilling Method to Determine In-Situ Stresses in Concrete 94 INTRODUCTION 95 ANALYTICAL FORMULATION 95 DETERMINATION OF IF COEFFICIENTS BY FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION 97 NUMERICAL VERIFICATION 98 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION 98 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 102 REFERENCES 102 Influence of Drilling Parameterson the Accuracy of Hole-drilling Residual Stress Measurements 104 Introduction 104 Material Procurement 105 Sample Preparation 105 Experimental Apparatus 105 ESPI/Hole-drilling Equipment 105 Four-point Bend Fixture 106 Experimental Procedure 107 Quantifying As-Received State of Stress 107 Parameter Variation 108 Drill-speed 108 Depth 108 Bit-diameter 109 Results and Discussion 109 As-Received Stress Measurements 109 Annealing of Type 304 Stainless Steel 110 Shell-milling of A36 Steel 111 Drill-Speed vs. Applied Stress 112 Depth/Diameter ratio vs. Applied Stress 115 Drill-Bit Diameter vs. Applied Stress 116 Conclusions 117 Future Suggested Work 117 References 118 RESIDUAL STRESS ON Ti6Al4V HYBRID AND LASER WELDED JOINTS 120 INTRODUCTION 120 MATERIALS AND WELDED JOINTS PREPARATION 121 TEST METHOD 122 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 125 CONCLUSION 127 REFERENCES 127 Residual Stresses Management: Measurements, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution 128 1. Introduction 128 Residual Stress Management: Measurement, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution 130 2. Measurement of Residual Stresses 130 Ultrasonic Method and Equipment for Residual Stress Measurement 131 3. Residual Stress in Fatigue Analysis 133 4. Residual Stress Modification. Ultrasonic Peening 135 5. Summary 137 6. References 137 ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS FORCE OF PCCV USINIG SI TECHNIQUE 140 1. PCCV MODEL 140 1.1 General Description 140 1.2 Material Properties 141 1.2.1 Concrete 141 1.2.2 Steel rebar 141 1.2.3 Prestressing tendon 142 1.2.4 Steel liner plate 143 2. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 143 3. SI TECHNIQE 144 4. FEA AND SI RESULTS 145 5. CONCLUSION 147 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 147 REFERENCES 147 1461402247,9781461402244 Springer 2011 Front Matter....Pages i-viii Residual Stresses Measurement and Inner Geometry Inspection of Pipelines by Optical Methods....Pages 1-12 Contour Method Advanced Applications: Hoop Stresses in Cylinders and Discontinuities....Pages 13-28 Measurement of Bulk Residual Stress Distributions in Thick-section Components using the Contour Method....Pages 29-31 Application of a Finite Strain Elastic-Plastic Self-Consistent Model to Deformation of Magnesium....Pages 33-34 Probing Strained Semiconductor Structures with Nanoscale X-ray Diffraction....Pages 35-37 Residual Stress State in Tools Used for Thermo-mechanical Metal Forming Processes....Pages 39-45 Determining Residual Stress And Young’s Modulus – Can Digital Shearography Assist....Pages 47-54 Ultrasonic Technique and Equipment for Residual Stresses Measurement....Pages 55-66 Benchmark measurement of residual stresses in a 7449 aluminium alloy using deep-hole and incremental centre-hole drilling methods....Pages 67-74 A New Procedure for Measuring Residual Stresses in Electron Beam Welds Using the Deep Hole Drilling Technique....Pages 75-84 The Incremental Core Drilling Method to Determine In-Situ Stresses in Concrete....Pages 85-94 Influence of Drilling Parameters on the Accuracy of Hole-drilling Residual Stress Measurements....Pages 95-109 Residual Stress on Ti6Al4V Hybrid and Laser Welded Joints....Pages 111-118 Residual Stresses Management: Measurements, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution....Pages 119-129 Assessment of Effective Prestress Force of PCCV Usinig Si Technique....Pages 131-138 Engineering Applications of Residual Stress represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Uncasville, Connecticut, June 13-16, 2011. The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, MEMS and Nanotechnology; Optical Measurements, Modeling and, Metrology; Experimental and Applied Mechanics, and Thermomechanics and Infra-Red Imaging. Optical Measurements, Modeling, and Metrology represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Uncasville, Connecticut, June 13-16, 2011.