Engendering whiteness : white women and colonialism in Barbados and North Carolina, 1627-1865

Whiteness, as a lived experience, is both gendered and racialised. This book seeks to understand the overlapping imbrication of whiteness in shaping the diverse material realities of women of European origin. The analysis pertains to the English-speaking slave-based societies of the Caribbean island of Barbados, and North Carolina in the American South. The book represents a comparative analysis of the complex interweaving of race, gender, social class and sexuality in defining the contours of white women's lives during the era of slavery. Despite their gendered subordination, their social location within the dominant white group afforded all white women a range of privileges, shaping these women's social identities and material realities. Conscious of the imperative to secure the racial loyalty of poor whites in order to assure its own security in the event of black uprisings, elite society attempted to harness the physical resources of the poor whites. The alienation of married women from property rights was rooted in and reinforced by the prevailing ideology of female economic dependence on men. White Barbadian women's proprietary rights as slave-owners were upheld in the law courts, even the poorest slaveholding white women could take recourse to the law to protect their property. White women's access to property was determined primarily by their marital status. The book reveals the strategies deployed by elite and poor white women in these societies to resist their gendered subordination, challenge the constraints that restricted their lives to the private domestic sphere, secure independent livelihoods and create meaningful existences. Engendering Whiteness Represents A Comparative Analysis Of The Complex Interweaving Of Race, Gender, Social Class And Sexuality In Defining The Contours Of White Women’s Lives In Barbados And North Carolina During The Era Of Slavery. Despite Their Gendered Subordination, Their Social Location Within The Dominant White Group Afforded All White Women A Range Of Privileges. Hence, Their Whiteness, As Much As Their Gender, Shaped These Women’s Social Identities And Material Realities. Crucially, As The Biological Reproducers Of Whiteness, And Hence The Symbolic And Literal Embodiment And Bearers Of The State Of Freedom, They Were Critical To The Maintenance And Reproduction Of The Cultural Boundaries Of ‘whiteness’, And Consequently The Subjects Of Patriarchal Measures To Limit And Control Their Social And Sexual Freedoms. Engendering Whiteness Draws On A Wide Variety Of Sources Including Property Deeds, Wills, Court Transcripts, And Interrogates The Ways In Which White Women Could Be Simultaneously Socially Positioned Within Plantation Societies As Both Agents And As Victims. It Also Reveals The Strategies Deployed By Elite And Poor White Women In These Societies To Resist Their Gendered Subordination, To Challenge The Ideological And Social Constraints That Sought To Restrict Their Lives To The Private Domestic Sphere, To Protect The Limited Rights Afforded To Them, To Secure Independent Livelihoods, And To Create Meaningful Existences. A Fascinating Study That With Be Welcomed By Historians Of Imperialism As Well As Scholars Of Gender History And Women’s Studies. Front matter Contents General editor's introduction Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction Mapping racial boundaries: gender, race and poor relief in Barbados ‘Worse than [white] men, much worse than the negroes . . . ’: sexuality, labour and poor white women in North Carolina ‘To serve her own desires’: white women and property holding in Barbadian plantation society ‘There may be my sphere of usefulness . . .’: the making of a North Carolinian plantation mistress White lives, black bodies: Barbadian women and slaveholding ‘She Would Labor Almost Night and Day’: white women, property rights and slaveholding in North Carolina Conclusion Bibliography Index Engendering Whiteness examines the complex diversity of slaveholding and non-slaveholding white women’s material realities within the slave societies of Barbados and North Carolina between the 17th-19th centuries. -- .