ایجاد مقاومت: قدرت و اختیار در زندان‌های زنان (پیشرفت‌های جدید در جرم و آسیب اجتماعی)

This book explores how power is negotiated in women's prisons. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in three penal establishments in England, it analyses how women manage the restrictions of imprisonment and the manner in which they attempt to resist institutional control. It is proposed that power is negotiated on a private, individual level, as women often resist the institution simply by trying to maintain an image of control over their own lives. However, their image of themselves as active, reasoning agents is undermined by institutional regimes which encourage traditional, passive, feminine behaviour at the same time as they deny the women their identities and responsibilities as mothers, wives, girlfriends and sisters. Femininity is, therefore, both the form and the goal of women's imprisonment. Yet paradoxically, femininity also offers the possibility of resistance, because women manage to rebel by appropriating and changing aspects of it. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Dedication 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgements 9 Series Preface 10 Map of the Women's Penal Establishments in England and Wales 11 Introduction Agency and Power in Women's Prisons: An Overview 12 Identity Politics: A New Approach for Criminology? 14 An Outline of the Chapters 15 Identity and Agency: Encouraging Expressions of Resistance 18 1 Reading the Prison: A Review of the Literature 20 The Origins of the Prison: Freedom vs. Responsibility 23 Punishment, Discipline and Modern Society 25 The Founding Fathers: Importation/Deprivation 30 The 'Community' of Women: Importation, Deprivation or Inadequacy? 32 Disciplining Women: Sociology and Autobiography 35 Feminism and Critique: Social Theory 39 The Current 'Crisis' in Prison Studies: Questions of Legitimacy 40 Implications of Re-viewing the Literature: New Directions? 43 2 Re-evaluating Difference: The Gender of Justice, Care and Power 48 The Legitimacy of Power and Punishment 52 Custody, Security and Justice: Balancing Imprisonment 53 Justice and Legitimate Expectations 56 The Injustice of Security? 58 On the Limitations of Justice, Rights and Equality for Women 63 Meeting the Needs of Women in Prison: An Ethics of Care or Paternalism? 67 Evaluating Women's Imprisonment: Engendering Justice 70 Conclusion: Problematizing Consent, or Legitimate for Whom? 73 3 Towards Legitimate Research Methods, or Working 'by, on, for' and with Women 78 Do Feminist Research Methods Exist? 81 The Tyranny of Intimacy 84 Doing Time 87 Inside a Total Institution: Environmental Factors 89 Breaking In, or Whose Side Are We On? 92 Justifying My Techniques: Towards Legitimate Research Methods 94 Subjectivity, Agency and Identity: The Postmodern Turn 100 Understanding and Interpreting Prisons: Is There a Method? 102 4 Gender, Identity and the Prison: Punishing Their Bodies, Punishing Their Selves 106 The 'Politics of Identity': An Overview 108 Reconfiguring 'Woman': Agency and Subjectivity 111 Institutional Constraints: Regulation of the Autonomous Self 114 Identity and the 'Problem of Order' 119 Narratives of Identity 126 Race, Class and Gender: Identity Formation Through Intersection 128 Women in Prison: Beyond a Community of Victims 131 5 Voices of Agency, Voices of Resistance: Negotiating Power Relations in Prison 136 Agency and Resistance: Some Definitions 138 Freedom of Choice: Conflicting Accounts 143 Contingent Choices: Towards an Appreciation of Difference 145 Order and Compliance in Women's Prisons: Constituting Agency and Resistance 150 Resisting Identities: Strategies of Change 154 Reconfiguring Identity: Femininity as Resistance 155 Femininity as Resistance: Repoliticizing Prison Studies 161 Resisting Imprisonment: Some Conclusions 162 Conclusion Women's Imprisonment: Conclusions and New Directions 166 Resisting Identities: Formulating a Gendered Understanding of Power 168 The Paradox of Resistance: New Directions? 171 Towards a New Criminological Imagination 172 Appendix 176 References 178 Index 206 "This book explores power relationships in three women's penal establishments in England. The book's central argument is that a prison's control over its subjects is contingent and incomplete. Women manage to resist the pains of imprisonment, to some degree, despite their limited choices and opportunities. Particular attention is given to the ways in which choices and opportunities in race, class and sexuality enable such resistance. The study breaks new ground by combining theoretical analysis of agency and identity with empirical research conducted in prison. It suggests that there has been a gap in previous literature about women in prison because the relationship between gender and power has not been fully explored. By drawing on literature outside traditional criminology, this text indicates that there are continuities between women's experiences of imprisonment and their lives outside."--Jacket "This book explores power relationships in three women's penal establishments in England. The book's central argument is that a prison's control over its subjects is contingent and incomplete. Women manage to resist the pains of imprisonment, to some degree, despite their limited choices and opportunities. Particular attention is given to the ways in which choices and opportunities in race, class and sexuality enable such resistance. The study breaks new ground by combining theoretical analysis of agency and identity with empirical research conducted in prison."--BOOK JACKET. Exploring how power is negotiated in women's prisons, this book uses contemporary feminist theory to examine how women manage to resist the pains of imprisonment.