Energy policies of IEA countries : Italy 2009 review

This 2009 IEA review of Italy's energy policies and programmes finds that the Italian government has made substantial progress in a number of sectors since the last IEA in-depth energy policy review in 2003. The success of the green certificate and white certificate schemes and continued reform of the electricity and natural gas supply markets are just a few examples and build on the recommendations contained in the previous review. Nonetheless, many challenges remain. Italy recognises the need to diversify its energy supply portfolio to reduce its heavy dependence on fossil fuels and electricity imports, and to decrease its growing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2008, the government announced its intention to recommence the country's nuclear power program and start building a new nuclear power plant by 2013. To do so, Italy must first develop an efficient process for identifying critical energy infrastructure, including nuclear power, and subjecting it to an effective, streamlined siting and permitting process. Italy will face another major challenge in complying with Europe's new climate and energy package, particularly in relation to renewable energy and emissions targets. The government must step up efforts to comply with its new responsibilities, specifically by developing and putting in place a comprehensive climate change strategy for the years until 2020. In mid-2009, the legislature enacted a wide-ranging new law that will facilitate the emergence of a robust long-term energy policy. The government must respond to this opportunity and elaborate, with industry, a long-term strategy for the development of the energy sector. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Italy and provides sectoral critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It is intended to help guide Italy towards a more sustainable energy future. Read more... Chapter 1. Executive Summary and Key Recommendations -- Executive Summary -- Key Recommendations -- PART I: POLICY ANALYSIS -- Chapter 2. General Energy Policy -- Country Overview -- The Economy -- Energy Supply And Demand -- Institutions -- Key Policies -- Security of Supply -- Market Reform -- Energy Taxes -- Critique -- Recommendations -- Chapter 3. Climate Change -- -Overview -- Emissions Profile -- Climate Change Policy -- Critique -- Recommendations -- Chapter 4. Energy Efficiency -- Overview -- Policies and Measures -- Policies by Sector -- Cross-Cutting Measures -- Critique -- Recommendations -- PART II: SECTOR ANALYSIS -- Chapter 5. Renewable Energy -- Overview -- Legal Framework -- Electricity Generated from Renewables -- Heat Generation from Renewables -- Critique -- Recommendations -- Chapter 6. Electricity -- -Overview -- Supply and Demand -- Regulation -- Industry Structure -- Electricity Market Design -- Security of Electricity Supply -- Prices and Taxes -- Critique -- Recommendations -- Chapter 7. Natural Gas -- Overview -- Supply and Demand -- Gas Production -- Imports -- Natural Gas Networks -- Market Design -- Prices and Taxes -- Infrastructure Development -- Natural Gas Emergency Response Policy -- Critique -- Recommendations -- Chapter 8. Oil -- -Overview -- Supply and Demand -- Domestic Production -- Refining and Infrastructure -- Legislation and Policy -- Oil Markets -- Emergency Response Policy and Organisation -- Critique -- Recommendations -- Chapter 9. Coal -- -Overview -- Domestic Production -- Industry Structure -- Clean Coal Development -- Critique -- Recommendation -- Chapter 10. Nucleaer Energy -- Overview -- Policy and Framework -- Regulatory Bodies and Nuclear Safety -- Critique -- Recommendations -- PART III: ENERGY TECHNOLOGY -- Chapter 11. Energy Technology, Research and Development -- Overview -- Institutional Framework -- Private Sector R & D -- Funding -- International Collaboration and Partnership -- Key Projects and Research Areas -- Critique -- Recommendations -- PART IV: ANNEXES -- A Organisation of the Review -- Review Criteria -- Review Team -- Organisations Visited -- B Energy Balances and Key Statistical Data -- C International Energy Agency "Shared Goals" -- D Glossary and List of Abbreviations. Chapter 1. Executive Summary and Key Recommendations Executive Summary Key Recommendations PART I: POLICY ANALYSIS Chapter 2. General Energy Policy Country Overview The Economy Energy Supply And Demand Institutions Key Policies Security of Supply Market Reform Energy Taxes Critique Recommendations Chapter 3. Climate Change -Overview Emissions Profile Climate Change Policy Critique Recommendations Chapter 4. Energy Efficiency Overview Policies and Measures Policies by Sector Cross-Cutting Measures Critique Recommendations PART II: SECTOR ANALYSIS Chapter 5. Renewable Energy Overview Legal Framework Electricity Generated from Renewables Heat Generation from Renewables Critique Recommendations Chapter 6. Electricity -Overview Supply and Demand Regulation Industry Structure Electricity Market Design Security of Electricity Supply None Prices and Taxes Critique Recommendations Chapter 7. Natural Gas Overview Supply and Demand Gas Production Imports Natural Gas Networks Market Design Prices and Taxes Infrastructure Development Natural Gas Emergency Response Policy Critique Recommendations Chapter 8. Oil -Overview Supply and Demand Domestic Production Refining and Infrastructure Legislation and Policy Oil Markets Emergency Response Policy and Organisation Critique Recommendations Chapter 9. Coal -Overview Domestic Production Industry Structure Clean Coal Development Critique Recommendation Chapter 10. Nucleaer Energy Overview Policy and Framework Regulatory Bodies and Nuclear Safety Critique Recommendations PART III: ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Chapter 11. Energy Technology, Research and Development Overview Institutional Framework Private Sector R&D Funding None International Collaboration and Partnership Key Projects and Research Areas Critique Recommendations PART IV: ANNEXES A Organisation of the Review Review Criteria Review Team Organisations Visited B Energy Balances and Key Statistical Data C International Energy Agency "Shared Goals" D Glossary and List of Abbreviations This 2007 edition of the International Energy Agency's periodic review of Switzerland's energy policies and programmes takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Switzerland and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements. It finds that Switzerland is entering decisive times in its energy policy. In 2008, the country should see remarkable advance in electricity market reform. Support for renewable electricity is set to increase massively. Decisions on post-Kyoto targets are getting closer, and a CO2 tax will be introduced for heating and process fuels. Plus, new measures to increase energy efficiency and the broader use of renewable energy are high on the political agenda. Since the last in-depth review in 2003, Switzerland has made progress in most areas of energy policy. Still, more work remains to be done. Maintaining sufficient electricity capacity implies even stronger policies to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. Switzerland’s climate policy should focus more on reducing emissions from private car use, the largest and fastest-growing emitter. Switzerland’s world-class energy R&D is expected to more than halve energy needs per capita by the second half of this century. This ambitious goal needs to be supported by consistent policies on energy efficiency and climate change.