Energy efficiency in the cement industry : proceedings of a seminar organised by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Energy and CIMPOR Cimentos de Portugal E.P. with the co-operation of Cembureau European Cement Association

This text presents the proceedings of a seminar organized by the CEC, Directorate-General for Energy and CIMPOR Cimentos de Portugal E.P. with the co-operation of Cembureau European Cement Association, held in Oporto, Portugal, 6-7 November 1989. BOOK COVER......Page 1 HALF-TITLE......Page 2 TITLE......Page 4 COPYRIGHT......Page 5 PREFACE......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 7 OPENING SESSION......Page 10 OPENING ADDRESS......Page 11 A POLICY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY......Page 15 1. SIURE incentive system for the rational use of energy......Page 17 1.2) THE COMMUNITY VALOREN PROGRAMME......Page 18 1.3) COMMUNITY PROGRAMME FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS......Page 19 II.1) REGULATION FOR INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY......Page 20 II.2) REGULATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION......Page 21 III) FINANCING BY THIRD PARTIES......Page 22 FIRST SESSION......Page 24 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 25 2. TYRE BURNING INSTALLATION AT MACEIRA CEMENT PLANT......Page 26 3. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK......Page 27 4. TYRE COLLECTING......Page 28 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 29 2. ENERGY SAVINGS THROUGH PRODUCT INNOVATION......Page 30 Fuel energy savings......Page 31 Clinker cooler......Page 32 Preheater......Page 33 Switching to advanced grinding methods......Page 34 4. ENERGY SAVINGS THROUGH WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION......Page 36 REFERENCES......Page 37 1. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT......Page 38 2. CEMENT SECTOR. SITUATION AND FUTURE......Page 41 3. ENERGY CONSUMPTION......Page 44 1. PRESENT SITUATION OF JAPAN’S CEMENT INDUSTRY......Page 51 3. OUTLOOK OF ENERGY SAVING.......Page 52 4. CONCLUSION.......Page 53 DISCUSSION......Page 58 SECOND SESSION......Page 60 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 61 2. WASTE GAS HEAT UTILIZATION POSSIBILITIES......Page 62 2.1 BYPASS GAS FROM THE KILN INLET......Page 65 2.2 WASTE GAS FROM PREHEATER......Page 67 2.3 EXHAUST AIR FROM COOLER......Page 68 3. CONCLUSION......Page 69 REFERENCES......Page 71 The heat distribution system......Page 73 Further development......Page 74 HEAT RECOVERY ON THE SMOKE OF THE CEMENT KILN AND UTILIZATION OF THE RECOVERED ENERGY......Page 78 Primary circuit......Page 79 Economics......Page 80 2. SIZE OF A RADIATION ABSORBER: COMPROMISE BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION SIZE AND POWER......Page 83 4. Operating systems......Page 84 Absorber loop......Page 85 6. RESULTS OF OPERATION......Page 86 7. PROJECT REALIZATION......Page 87 8. COSTS......Page 88 REFERENCES......Page 89 REASONS FOR INSTALLING A SEPARATOR......Page 90 NEW LAYOUT OF CLOSED CIRCUIT OPERATION......Page 91 PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION......Page 92 ENERGY CONSUMPTION......Page 93 4. Improved Energy Consumption......Page 94 DISCUSSION......Page 95 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 99 Contract Use Optimization......Page 100 3. TODAY’S ENERGY MANAGEMENT SITUATION......Page 101 Situation......Page 103 Situation......Page 105 Example: Low Efficiency Days versus High Efficiency Days......Page 106 Example: Wasted Energy for idling Equipment......Page 107 Follow-Up and the Establishment of an Energy Management Team......Page 109 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES......Page 110 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 111 2.3 BALANCE SHEET......Page 112 3.2 CONVERSIONS......Page 115 3.3 BALANCE SHEET......Page 116 4.1 THE PROBLEM RAISED......Page 117 4.2 MODIFICATIONS......Page 118 4.3 THE BALANCE SHEET......Page 119 5. THE CASE OF COUVROT......Page 120 1. METHODS OF REDUCING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN CEMENT KILNS......Page 121 3. THE MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE......Page 122 4. FALSE AIR INTAKE......Page 123 6. DIRECT AND INDIRECT FIRING......Page 124 8. COOLER LOSS......Page 125 Clinker Coolers......Page 126 12. PLAN FOR ACTION......Page 127 13. SUMMARY......Page 128 Appendix 1......Page 129 Appendix 2......Page 131 Appendix 3......Page 133 1. PREAMBULE......Page 134 K-CEM BINDERS......Page 135 3.2. KCC—Burning line......Page 136 6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 137 1. BACKGROUND......Page 145 2. ENERGY MANAGEMENT......Page 148 3. THE WAY AHEAD......Page 149 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 153 2. THE EXISTING CONDITIONS IN SOUSELAS PLANT OF CIMPOR JUSTIFYING A WASTE HEAT RECOVERY PROJECT......Page 154 4. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL OUTLOK OF THE PROJECT. TIMING.......Page 155 DISCUSSION......Page 157 THIRD SESSION—ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION......Page 160 2. CEMENT WORLD MARKET......Page 161 3. ENVIRONMENT......Page 162 6. ENERGY EFFICIENCY......Page 163 CLOSING SESSION......Page 166 CONCLUSIONS......Page 167 INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 198 This book presents proceedings of a seminar organised by the Commission of the European Communities, aiming at a broad presentation of concepts, measures and issues relevant to achieving improvements in energy efficiency in the cement industry based on experience in developing countries. An examination of the composition and metabolic activity of microorganisms commonly found in the human gut. Chapters cover the effects gut flora have on ingested compounds, vitamin production and gastrointestinal disorders. Comparisons are also made betwe