End-User Development: 8th International Symposium, IS-EUD 2021, Virtual Event, July 6–8, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12724)

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on End-User Development, IS-EUD 2021, held in July 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The paper track received 26 submissions, of which 11 full and 4 short papers were selected after a rigorous double-blind review process. The papers focus on “Democratizing AI development”, namely on EUD for AI-based systems, where end users are called-on to become end-user developers of intelligent agents, digital twins, collaborative systems and social robots. Preface Organization Contents Invited Talk End-User Development: Empowering Stakeholders with Artificial Intelligence, Meta-Design, and Cultures of Participation 1 Introduction 2 End-User Development (EUD) 3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 4 Integrating EUD and AI 4.1 Explainable AI (XAI) 4.2 Meta-Design 4.3 Cultures of Participation 5 Socio-Technical Environments Exploring EUD and AI Perspectives 5.1 Adaptive and Adaptable Systems 5.2 Domain-Oriented Design Environments (DODEs) 5.3 Context-Aware Systems 6 Challenges for the Future 6.1 EUD Objectives for Democratizing AI 6.2 Participation Overload in the Context of Personally Irrelevant Problems 6.3 Cultural Transformations 7 Conclusions References Full Papers Reconsidering End-User Development Definitions 1 Introduction 2 A Cause to Reconsider Commonly Used Definitions 3 End-User Development Is an Evolving Concept 4 Software Development Is an Evolving End-User Development Practice 5 Professional Software Development 5.1 Connotations of Professionalism 5.2 Software Development Does Not Have a Singular Model of Labour 6 Replacing Professional Development with Technical Development 7 Resolution of the Contradiction 8 Conclusion References An End-User Development Approach to Secure Smart Environments 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 Intrusion Defender: A Smart Object to Secure Smart Environments 4 Design of Abstraction Mechanisms to Customize Smart Environments Security Through ECA Rules 4.1 A Card-Sorting Study to Reduce Information Overload 4.2 Design of the Event Description for the ID Smart Object 5 Evaluation 5.1 Study Design and Participants 5.2 Procedure 5.3 Data Collection and Analysis 5.4 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Comparative Analysis of Composition Paradigms for Personalization Rules in IoT Settings 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Tailoring Environments 4 User Study 4.1 Participants 4.2 Test Organisation 4.3 Questionnaire Results 4.4 Analysis of Rules Correctness 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Devices, Information, and People: Abstracting the Internet of Things for End-User Personalization 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Works 3 Diary Study 4 Results 4.1 Personalizing the IoT Through Different Abstractions 4.2 The Right Abstraction for the Right Context 5 Design Opportunities for Personalizing the IoT 6 Limitations 7 Conclusions References Help Me Create Smart Things: How to Support Design and Art Students at a Distance 1 Introduction 2 Background on the SNaP Tool 3 Related Work 3.1 Creativity and Its Evaluation 3.2 Meta-design 4 Workshop Design 4.1 Participants and Context 4.2 Research Questions and Data Collection 4.3 Protocol 5 Results 5.1 Elaboration of Smart Thing Ideas 5.2 Unexpected Usages of the Tool 6 Reflections and Recommendations 6.1 Elaboration of Smart Thing Ideas 6.2 Unexpected Usages of the Tool and Recommendations 7 Conclusions References Personalization in a Paper Factory 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Domain Analysis and Requirements Elicitation Through Interviews 4 The Case Study Considered 5 The Architecture of the Solution 5.1 The Tailoring Environment for the Paper Industry Domain 6 User Study 6.1 Tasks 6.2 Participants 6.3 Results 7 Discussion 8 Conclusion and Future Work References Learning Domain Knowledge Using Block-Based Programming: Design-Based Collaborative Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Brief Review of Literature on Block-Based Programming 2.2 Domain-Oriented Design Environments: Visual Language vs. Components 2.3 Group Cognition Review of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 3 Analytical Framework: Design-Based Collaborative Learning 4 Methods 4.1 Data Collection 4.2 Data Analysis 5 Data and Analysis 5.1 Verbal Data Extract 1: Simulating a Die 5.2 Verbal Data Extract 2: Programming the Microbit to Print Gene Codes 5.3 Verbal Data Extract 3: Microbit as a Burglar Alarm 6 Discussion and Conclusions References Lessons Learned from Using Reprogrammable Prototypes with End-User Developers 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Case 3.1 Summary of the Preceding Work 3.2 Prototype 3.3 Workshop Procedure 3.4 Participants 3.5 Data Collection and Analysis 4 Observations 5 Lessons Learned 5.1 Familiarization 5.2 Conflation of the Platform and the Prototype 5.3 Aligning Expectations and Facilitating Exploration 5.4 Catering to Different Levels of Programming Experience 6 Limitations and Future Work 7 Conclusion References Design of a Chatbot to Assist the Elderly 1 Introduction 2 Elderly Assistance with a Virtual Agent 3 Design Strategies to Develop a Chatbot for Assisting the Elderly 3.1 A Preliminary Evaluation of Charlie’s Functionalities 4 A EUD Solution for Training the Virtual Agent 4.1 EUD Strategies for Designing Chatbots 4.2 EUD Strategies to Train Charlie 4.3 Intelligent Suggestions of Rules 4.4 Protocol for Counterfactual Explanations 5 Conclusions References A Jigsaw-Based End-User Tool for the Development of Ontology-Based Knowledge Bases 1 Introduction 2 Ontology-Based Knowledge Bases 3 Creating Ontology-Based Knowledge Bases with DIY-KR-KIT 3.1 Using the Jigsaw Metaphor for Knowledge Base Construction 3.2 DIY-KR-KIT Tool 4 User Study 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Short Papers `Expected Most of the Results, but Some Others...Surprised Me': Personality Inference in Image Tagging Services 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Analysis and Results 4 Concluding Remarks References Providing a Notifications System to Software Services with HomeSerBot 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 HomeSerBot 3.1 Telegram Bot 3.2 Back-End and Data Management 3.3 The Administration Panel 4 Conclusion and Future Works References Design Requirements for Recommendations in End-User User Interface Design 1 Introduction and Related Work 2 Design Recommendation Survey 2.1 Presentation of Design Recommendations 2.2 Trust in Design Recommendations 2.3 Willingness to Share Personal Data 3 Design Requirements 4 Conclusion References PAC-Bot: Writing Text Messages for Developing Point-and-Click Games 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Intelligent Agent: PAC-Bot 3.1 Technical Implementation 4 Assessing the Chatbot Effect on the Rule-Authoring 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Work-in-Progress Papers Supporting Museums and Robot Theatre Using Quando - an Event First, Visual Block Toolset 1 Background 2 Quando Block Concepts 2.1 Visual Elements 2.2 Less Used Parameter Hiding 2.3 Run Time Varying Values Within a Numeric Range 3 Developing End User Visual Blocks 3.1 Inventor Blocks 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Doctoral Consortium Supporting End User Development in Extended Reality Through Natural Language Rules 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Current Status of the Research 4 Conclusions 5 University Doctoral Program and Context References Author Index