Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law (Two volume set)
معرفی کتاب «Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law (Two volume set)» نوشتهٔ edited by Paul Finkelman, Tim Alan Garrison، منتشرشده توسط نشر CQ Press در سال 2008. این کتاب در فرمت pdf، زبان انگلیسی ارائه شده است.
In 1987 ethnohistorian James Axtell published the article “Colonial America without the Indians Counterfactual Reflections,” in which he imagined a North America bereft of humans at the time of European exploration and settlement. The purpose of his piece was to demonstrate how vital the Native peoples of the continent had been to the history and development of the United States. Axtell’s imaginative contention could also be extended to an exploration of the relationship between the story of U.S. Indian policy and the general history of the United States.That history is not only important in its own right it is also interwoven with the political, economic, legal, cultural, and social histories of the United States—which would have developed in other ways. Cover......Page 1 Copyright......Page 5 Editorial Advisory Board......Page 7 Contents......Page 8 Alphabetical Table of Contents......Page 10 Thematic Table of Contents......Page 18 Preface......Page 30 Contributors......Page 36 OVERVIEWS OF U.S. INDIAN POLICY AND LAW......Page 46 Indian Policy of the Continental Congress......Page 48 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1775–1803......Page 52 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1803–1848......Page 57 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1845-1877......Page 63 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1871–1934......Page 68 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1928–1946......Page 73 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1944–1962......Page 78 U.S. Indian Policy: Congress and the Executive, 1960–......Page 84 A–Z ENTRIES......Page 90 Aboriginal Indian Title......Page 92 Abourezk, James......Page 93 Adams, John Quincy......Page 94 Agriculture and Agricultural Policy......Page 95 Akaka, Daniel......Page 100 Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) and Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS)......Page 101 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971......Page 102 Alaska Natives......Page 103 Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government (1998)......Page 110 Alcohol......Page 111 All Indian Pueblo Council......Page 114 Allotment in Severalty......Page 115 American Fur Company......Page 117 American Horse......Page 118 American Indian Defense Association (AIDA)......Page 119 American Indian Federation (AIF)......Page 120 American Indian Movement (AIM)......Page 121 American Indian Policy Review Commission (AIPRC)......Page 123 American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA; 1978)......Page 124 American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)......Page 126 Anderson, Wallace “Mad Bear”......Page 128 Anthropology and Ethnology......Page 129 Apache Wars (1860–1886)......Page 134 Apess, William......Page 136 Army, United States (1784–1890)......Page 137 Art......Page 141 Articles of Confederation......Page 147 Assimilation and Acculturation......Page 148 Association on American Indian Affairs (AAIA)......Page 152 Attakullakulla (Little Carpenter)......Page 153 Bacon’s Rebellion (1675–1677)......Page 156 Bannock War (1878)......Page 157 Beatty, Willard W.......Page 158 Beaver Wars (1639–1701)......Page 159 Bellecourt, Clyde......Page 160 Bellecourt,Vernon......Page 161 Big Elk (Ong-pa-ton-ga)......Page 162 Bill of Rights......Page 163 Black Elk......Page 164 Black Hawk War (1832)......Page 165 Black Hills......Page 167 Blood Quantum......Page 169 Board of Indian Commissioners......Page 172 Boone, Daniel......Page 173 Bosque Redondo......Page 174 Boudinot, Elias......Page 175 Bowl......Page 176 Boyer, LaNada (Means)......Page 177 Bozeman Trail War (1865–1868)......Page 178 Brant, Joseph......Page 179 Bridges, Alvin “Al” J.......Page 180 Brophy, William A.......Page 181 Brunot, Felix Reville......Page 182 Buffalo......Page 183 Buffalo Soldiers......Page 185 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)......Page 186 Burke, Charles H.......Page 192 Burke Act of 1906......Page 193 Bush, George H. W.......Page 194 Buy Indian Act (1910)......Page 195 California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians (1987)......Page 196 California Indians......Page 197 Campbell, Ben Nighthorse......Page 205 Canada, Indian Policy of......Page 206 Carlisle Indian School......Page 213 Carter, Jimmy......Page 214 Cass, Lewis......Page 215 Cayuse War (1848–1855)......Page 216 Census......Page 217 Cherokee Advocate......Page 219 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)......Page 220 Cherokee War of 1776......Page 221 Chitto Harjo......Page 222 Citizenship: United States and State......Page 223 Civil War (1861–1865)......Page 226 Civilization Program......Page 230 Clark, George Rogers......Page 232 Clinton, Bill......Page 233 Cloud, Henry Roe......Page 234 Cobell Litigation......Page 235 Coeur d’Alene War (1858)......Page 236 Cohen, Felix S.......Page 237 Colbert Family......Page 238 Collier, John......Page 239 Colyer,Vincent......Page 241 Comanche Wars (1835–1875)......Page 242 Commissioner of Indian Affairs......Page 243 Compact of 1802......Page 247 Comparative Indigenous Policies......Page 248 Confederate States of America......Page 254 Congress, Native Americans in the U.S.......Page 255 Congress, U.S.......Page 257 Congressional Committees on Indian Affairs......Page 261 Conquest, Doctrine of......Page 263 Constitution, Iroquois Influences on the U.S.......Page 264 Constitution, U.S.......Page 265 Constitutions, American Indian......Page 266 Cooper, Peter......Page 268 Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT)......Page 269 Courts of Indian Offenses......Page 270 Covenant Chain......Page 271 Crazy Horse......Page 272 Crazy Snake Uprising (1901)......Page 273 Creek Civil War (1813–1814)......Page 274 Crime, Regulating in Indian Country......Page 276 Crockett, David “Davy”......Page 281 Crook, George......Page 282 Cultural Property......Page 283 Curtis Act of 1898......Page 286 Custer, George Armstrong......Page 288 Dams and Hydroelectric Power......Page 290 Dancing, Regulation of......Page 292 Dart, Anson......Page 293 Davis, Jefferson......Page 294 De Smet, Pierre Jean......Page 295 Decolonization......Page 296 Deer, Ada E.......Page 300 Deloria Family......Page 301 Deloria,Vine, Jr.......Page 302 Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Stockholders (DRUMS)......Page 303 Diplomatic Delegations, Tribal......Page 304 Discovery, Doctrine of......Page 305 Disease......Page 307 Donation Land Law......Page 311 Dull Knife......Page 312 Duncan, DeWitt Clinton......Page 313 Eastman, Charles......Page 314 Echohawk, John......Page 315 Edmondson, Ed......Page 316 Education: Boarding Schools......Page 317 Education: Higher Education......Page 320 Education: Mission Schools......Page 324 Education: Public Schools......Page 326 Education: Reservation Schools......Page 329 Eisenhower, Dwight D.......Page 330 Emmons, Glenn L.......Page 331 Employment, Regulation of......Page 332 Employment Division v. Smith (1990)......Page 335 Environment and Environmental Protection......Page 336 Equal Protection......Page 341 Ex Parte Crow Dog (1883)......Page 342 Extension Laws......Page 343 Fall, Albert B.......Page 346 Fallen Timbers (1794), Battle of......Page 347 Film......Page 348 First Seminole War (1817–1818)......Page 351 Fishing, Hunting, and Gathering Rights......Page 353 Fitzpatrick, Thomas......Page 356 Forestry......Page 357 Fort Harmar (1789), Treaty of......Page 359 Fort Laramie (1851), Treaty of......Page 360 Fort Laramie (1868), Treaty of......Page 361 France, Indian Policy of......Page 362 Frank, Billy, Jr.......Page 365 Freedmen......Page 366 Frémont, John C.......Page 367 French and Indian War (1754–1763)......Page 368 Fur Trade......Page 369 Gallatin, Albert......Page 374 Gaming......Page 375 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) of 1887......Page 381 Gerard, Forrest J.......Page 382 Geronimo......Page 383 Ghent (1814), Treaty of......Page 384 Gifts......Page 385 Gold and Gold Rushes......Page 386 Goldwater, Barry......Page 389 Government-to-Government Relations......Page 390 Grant, Ulysses S.......Page 394 Grazing Rights......Page 396 Great Britain, Indian Policy of......Page 399 Great Father......Page 404 Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Treaty of......Page 405 Hall, Louis......Page 408 Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute......Page 409 Handsome Lake......Page 410 Harney, William S.......Page 411 Harrison, William Henry......Page 412 Haskell Indian Nations University......Page 413 Hawkins, Benjamin......Page 414 Hayes, Rutherford B.......Page 415 Hickel, Walter J.......Page 416 Historians and Historiography......Page 417 Homestead Act of 1862......Page 422 Hoover, Herbert......Page 423 Hopewell (1785–1786), Treaties of......Page 424 Hopi-Navajo Relations......Page 425 House Concurrent Resolution 108 (1953)......Page 428 Housing......Page 429 Houston, Sam......Page 430 Howard, O. O.......Page 431 Hunting Rights......Page 432 Imperium in Imperio......Page 434 Indian Adoption Project......Page 435 Indian Agents......Page 436 Indian Art Law......Page 439 Indian Business Development Fund......Page 443 Indian Citizenship Act (1924)......Page 444 Indian Civil Rights Act (1968)......Page 445 Indian Claims Commission Act (ICCA; 1946)......Page 446 Indian Commerce Clause......Page 448 Indian Community Action Programs......Page 449 Indian Country Today......Page 450 Indian Education Act (1972)......Page 451 Indian Financing Act (1974)......Page 452 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA; 1988)......Page 453 Indian Health and Healthcare......Page 454 Indian Land Consolidation Act (ILCA; 1983)......Page 461 Indian New Deal......Page 462 Indian Peace Commission......Page 466 Indian Police Forces......Page 468 Indian Removal Act (1830)......Page 469 Indian Reorganization Act (1934)......Page 470 Indian Rights Association (IRA)......Page 472 Indian Rights Movements......Page 473 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA; 1975)......Page 478 Indian Territory......Page 479 Indian Title......Page 482 Indian Trade, Regulating......Page 483 Indian Tribal Government Tax Status Act (1982)......Page 487 Indian Vocational Training Act (1956)......Page 488 Indians of All Tribes......Page 489 Inouye, Daniel......Page 490 Interior, U.S. Department of the......Page 491 International Law......Page 494 Intertribal Relations......Page 497 Iroquois, League of the......Page 501 Jackson, Andrew......Page 502 Jackson, Helen Hunt......Page 504 Janney, Samuel McPherson......Page 505 Jefferson, Thomas......Page 506 Jemison, Alice Lee......Page 508 Johnson v. M’Intosh (1823)......Page 509 Johnson, Lyndon B.......Page 510 Johnson, Richard M.......Page 511 Johnson-O’Malley Act (1934)......Page 512 Joseph, Chief......Page 513 Jourdain, Roger......Page 514 Just War......Page 515 Kennedy, John F.......Page 516 Kennewick Man......Page 517 Keokuk......Page 518 Killdeer Mountain (1864), Battle of......Page 519 Kirkland, Samuel......Page 520 Knox, Henry......Page 521 LaDuke, Winona......Page 524 LaFlesche Family......Page 525 Lake Mohonk Conferences......Page 526 Land Claims Settlement Acts......Page 527 Law Enforcement in Indian Country......Page 530 Lawyer (Hol-lol-sote-tote)......Page 533 League of the Iroquois......Page 534 LeFlore, Greenwood......Page 536 Leupp, Francis E.......Page 537 Lewis and Clark Expedition......Page 538 Lincoln, Abraham......Page 540 Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of......Page 542 Little Crow......Page 543 Little Turtle......Page 544 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock (1903)......Page 545 Long, Stephen Harriman......Page 546 Lord Dunmore’s War (1774)......Page 547 Louisiana Purchase......Page 548 Lowry, Henry Berry......Page 550 Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association (1988)......Page 551 Lyons, Oren......Page 552 Mackenzie, Ranald S.......Page 554 Madison, James......Page 555 Mahone, Fred......Page 556 Major Crimes Act (1885)......Page 557 Mankiller, Wilma......Page 558 Manuelito......Page 559 Manypenny, George W.......Page 560 Marshall, John......Page 561 Mascots......Page 563 Massachusetts, Indian Policy of......Page 565 McCarran Amendment (1952)......Page 567 McGillivray, Alexander......Page 568 McGillycuddy,Valentine T.......Page 569 McIntosh, William......Page 570 McKenney, Thomas L.......Page 571 McLoughlin, John......Page 572 Meacham, Alfred B.......Page 573 Means, Russell......Page 574 Meigs, Return J.......Page 575 Menominee Tribe v. United States (1968)......Page 576 Meriam Report......Page 577 Mexico, Indian Policy of......Page 578 Miles, Nelson A.......Page 581 Military Policy of the United States, 1776–1860......Page 582 Military Policy of the United States, 1860–1890......Page 586 Military Posts and Forts......Page 590 Mining and Mineral Rights......Page 592 Mission Indians......Page 596 Missions and Missionaries......Page 600 Mitchell v. United States (1980) (1983)......Page 602 Modoc War (1872–1873)......Page 603 Monroe, James......Page 604 Montana v. United States (1981)......Page 605 Montezuma, Carlos......Page 606 Morton v. Mancari (1974)......Page 607 Mundt, Karl E.......Page 608 Myer, Dillon S.......Page 609 National American Indian Court Judges Association (NAICJA)......Page 610 National Association on Indian Affairs (NAIA)......Page 611 National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)......Page 612 National Farmer’s Union Insurance Companies v. Crow Tribe of Indians (1984)......Page 613 National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC)......Page 614 National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)......Page 615 National Native American Bar Association (NNABA)......Page 616 National Parks and Monuments......Page 617 Native American Church (NAC)......Page 621 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA; 1990)......Page 622 Native American Programs Act (NAPA; 1974)......Page 624 Native American Rights Fund (NARF)......Page 625 Native Hawaiians......Page 626 Navajo War (1849–1868)......Page 632 Navajo-Hopi Relations......Page 633 Netherlands, Indian Policy of......Page 634 New Echota (1835), Treaty of......Page 636 New Mexico, Indian Policy of......Page 637 New York, Indian Policy of......Page 640 Nez Perce War (1877)......Page 643 Nixon, Richard M.......Page 644 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)......Page 645 Northwest Ordinance (1787)......Page 647 Oconostota......Page 648 Oil and Gas......Page 649 Oklahoma......Page 652 Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act (1936)......Page 655 Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978)......Page 656 Opothleyahola......Page 657 Osceola......Page 658 Owen, Robert Latham......Page 660 Palmer, Joel......Page 662 Paris (1763), Treaty of......Page 663 Paris (1783), Treaty of......Page 664 Parker, Ely S.......Page 665 Parker, Quanah......Page 666 Peacemaker Courts......Page 667 Peltier, Leonard......Page 668 Pennsylvania, Indian Policy of......Page 669 Piegan Massacre (1870)......Page 670 Pike, Zebulon......Page 671 Plenary Power Doctrine......Page 672 Ponca Removal......Page 673 Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763–1766)......Page 674 Powell, John Wesley......Page 675 Pratt, Richard Henry......Page 676 Preemption......Page 677 Proclamation of 1763......Page 678 Prucha, Francis Paul......Page 679 Public Law 280 (1953)......Page 680 Pueblo Lands Act (1924)......Page 681 Pueblos......Page 682 Puyallup Tribe v. Department of Game (1968; 1977)......Page 685 Race and Racial Thinking......Page 686 Railroads......Page 688 Rancherias......Page 690 Ranching......Page 691 Ranch Management......Page 694 Red Cloud......Page 696 Red River War (1874–1875)......Page 697 Reifel, Benjamin......Page 698 Religious Freedom......Page 699 Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA; 1993)......Page 702 Religious Organizations and Indian Policy......Page 703 Relocation Program......Page 705 Removal......Page 706 Reservations......Page 712 Restricted Lands......Page 719 Rhode Island, Indian Policy of......Page 720 Ridge Family......Page 721 Rogue River War (1855–1856)......Page 723 Roosevelt, Franklin D.......Page 724 Roosevelt, Theodore......Page 725 Ross, John......Page 726 Russia, Indian Policy of......Page 727 Sacred Sites......Page 730 Salmon......Page 734 Sand Creek Massacre (1864)......Page 735 Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez (1978)......Page 736 Satanta......Page 737 Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe......Page 738 Scott, Winfield......Page 739 Second Creek War (1836–1837)......Page 740 Second Seminole War (1835–1842)......Page 741 Self-Determination......Page 742 Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida (1996)......Page 747 Seneca Land Rights......Page 748 Sequoyah......Page 750 Sevier, John......Page 751 Sherman, William T.......Page 752 Sitting Bull......Page 754 Slavery: Enslavement of Indians......Page 756 Slavery: Indian Slaveholding......Page 758 Slocum, John......Page 759 Smallpox......Page 760 Smith, Redbird......Page 761 Smohalla......Page 762 Smoke Shops......Page 763 Sohappy, David......Page 764 South Carolina, Indian Policy of......Page 765 Sovereign Immunity......Page 766 Sovereignty......Page 769 Spain, Indian Policy of......Page 772 Spotted Tail (Sinte Gleska)......Page 776 Standing Bear......Page 777 State Treaties with Indian Tribes......Page 778 States’ Rights......Page 779 Stevens-Palmer Treaties (1853–1856)......Page 780 Stumbling Bear (Setimkia)......Page 782 Swimmer, Ross O.......Page 783 Talton v. Mayes (1896)......Page 786 Taos Pueblo of Blue Lake......Page 787 Taxation......Page 788 Taylor, Zachary......Page 791 Tecumseh......Page 792 Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States (1955)......Page 793 Ten Bears (Parra-Wa-Samen)......Page 794 Tenskwatawa......Page 795 Termination and Restoration......Page 796 Texas......Page 801 Thomas, William Holland......Page 805 Tobacco......Page 806 Trade and Intercourse Acts......Page 807 Trademarks and Trade Names......Page 809 Trail of Broken Treaties (1972)......Page 811 Trail of Tears (1838–1839)......Page 812 Treaties: Historical Overview......Page 813 Treaty Abrogation......Page 815 Treaty Interpretation: Judicial Rules and Canons of Construction......Page 816 Treaty Interpretation: Native Understanding......Page 817 Treaty Making: Protocols......Page 820 Treaty Substitutes: Agreements and Executive Orders......Page 822 Tribal Acknowledgment (Federal)......Page 824 Tribal Acknowledgment (State)......Page 828 Tribal Citizenship......Page 829 Tribal Courts......Page 832 Tribal Employment Rights Ordinances (TEROS)......Page 834 Tribal-State Relations......Page 835 Truman, Harry S.......Page 836 Trust Lands......Page 838 Trust Responsibility Doctrine......Page 839 Tuscarora War of 1711–1713......Page 840 United Nations......Page 842 United States v. Cook (1873)......Page 843 United States v. Lara (2004)......Page 844 United States v. Shoshone Tribe of Indians (1938)......Page 845 United States v. Sioux Nation (1980)......Page 846 United States v. Washington (1974)......Page 847 United States Indian Commission......Page 848 United States–Dakota War of 1862......Page 849 United States–Indian Wars (1776–1848)......Page 850 United States–Indian Wars (1848–1891)......Page 853 U.S.-Mexican War (1846–1848)......Page 858 U.S. Supreme Court and Indian Policy, 1789–1871......Page 861 U.S. Supreme Court and Indian Policy, 1871–1934......Page 864 U.S. Supreme Court and Indian Policy, 1935–1965......Page 867 U.S. Supreme Court and Indian Policy, 1966–1977......Page 869 U.S. Supreme Court and Indian Policy, 1978–......Page 873 Ute War (1879)......Page 878 Van Buren, Martin......Page 880 Virginia, Indian Policy of......Page 881 Voting Rights......Page 883 War, U.S. Department of......Page 886 War of 1812 (1812–1814)......Page 889 Warrior, Clyde......Page 891 Washakie......Page 892 Washington, George......Page 893 Water Rights......Page 895 Watie, Stand......Page 897 Wayne, Anthony......Page 898 Welsh, Herbert......Page 899 Westward Migration......Page 900 Whaling......Page 905 Wheeler, Burton K.......Page 906 Whitman Massacre (1847)......Page 907 Wilbur, Ray Lyman......Page 908 Wilkinson, James......Page 909 Williams, Eleazar......Page 910 Williams, Roger......Page 911 Winema......Page 912 Winneshiek......Page 913 Wirt, William......Page 914 Women’s National Indian Association (WNIA)......Page 915 Worcester v. Georgia (1832)......Page 916 World War I (1914–1918), American Indians and......Page 918 World War II (1939–1945), American Indians and......Page 919 Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)......Page 922 Wounded Knee (1973), Occupation of......Page 923 Wovoka......Page 925 Yakama War (1855–1856)......Page 928 Young, Brigham......Page 929 Zeisberger, David......Page 932 APPENDIX A......Page 934 Trade and Intercourse Act, July 22, 1790......Page 936 Indian Removal Act, May 28, 1830......Page 937 President Ulysses S. Grant’s Peace Policy, December 5, 1870......Page 938 Abolition of Treaty Making, March 3, 1871......Page 939 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), February 8, 1887......Page 940 Indian Reorganization Act, June 18, 1934......Page 942 Indian Claims Commission Act, August 13, 1946......Page 944 Relocation of American Indians to Urban Areas, 1954......Page 946 Declaration of Indian Purpose, June 1961......Page 947 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, November 16, 1990......Page 949 Bureau of Indian Affairs Apology, September 8, 2000......Page 955 APPENDIX B......Page 958 Indian Land Cessions, 1784–1809......Page 960 Indian Land Cessions, 1820–1829......Page 961 Indian Land Cessions, 1860–1869......Page 962 Indian Territory, 1880......Page 963 Alaska Natives......Page 964 Indian Reservations in the Continental United States......Page 965 Index to Indian Reservations in the Continental United States......Page 966 Percent Distribution of the American Indian and Alaska Native Population by Region, 2000......Page 968 American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States, 2000......Page 969 Image Credits......Page 976 Index......Page 978 Examines the thought-provoking and fascinating history of relations between the United States and Native Americans. Extensive introductory essays trace the development of federal Indian policies from the days of the Continental Congress to the present and evaluate the role that the "Indian question" has played in the United States' political development. In nearly 700 A-Z entries, more than 200 culturally diverse scholars from a wide range of disciplines shed light on the topics critical to a better understanding of U.S.-Indian relations.
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