Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses

This authoritative AZ encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses provides accurate and concise descriptions of the major battles and events and the principal historical figures and issues involved. For centuries, historians agreed about the Wars of the Roses, seeing them as four decades of medieval darkness and chaos, when the royal family and the nobility destroyed themselves fighting for control of the royal government. Even Shakespeare got into the act, dramatizing, popularizing, and darkening this viewpoint in eight plays. Today, based on new research, this has become one of the most hotly controversial periods in English history. Historians disagree on fundamental issues, such as dates and facts, as well as interpretation. Most argue that the effects of the wars were not as widespread as once thought, and some see the traditional view of the era as merely Tudor propaganda. A few even claim that England during the late 15th century was "a society organized for peace." Historian John A. Wagner brings readers up to date on the latest research and thinking about this crucial period of England's history. Cover Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses Guide to Related Topics Preface Scope of the Book Criteria for Inclusion Structure of Entries Additional Features Acknowledgments Introduction Chronology: Wars of the Roses A Accord, Act of Act of Accord. Act of Attainder. Affinity Alnwick Castle Angers Agreement Anglica Historia (Vergil) Anne, Queen of England. Archers Armies, Recruitment of Armies, Size of Armies, Supplying of Armor Artillery Attainder, Act of Audley, Lord. B Badges The Ballad of Bosworth Field Bamburgh Castle Barnet, Battle of Bastard Feudalism Bastard of Fauconberg. Bath and Wells, Bishop of. Battle Casualties. Battles, Nature of Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset Beaufort Family Beaufort, Henry, Duke of Somerset Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby Beaumont, William, Lord Beaumont Bedford, Duchess of. Bedford, Duke of. Berwick-on-Tweed Blacman, John. Blore Heath, Battle of Blount, Walter, Lord Mountjoy Bones of 1674 Bonville, William, Lord Bonville Bonville-Courtenay Feud. Booth, Lawrence, Archbishop of York Bosworth Field, Battle of Bourchier, Henry, Earl of Essex Bourchier, Thomas, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury Brackenbury, Sir Robert Bray, Sir Reginald Brézé, Pierre de, Seneschal of Normandy Brittany Brittany, Duke of. Buckingham, Duke of. Buckingham’s Rebellion Burgundy Burgundy, Duke of. Butler, James, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond Butler Precontract C Cade, Jack. Cade’s Rebellion. Caister Castle, Siege of Calais Campaigns, Duration of. Canterbury, Archbishop of. Castillon, Battle of Casualties Catesby, William Causes of the Wars of the Roses. Caxton, William Cely Letters and Papers Charles VII, King of France Charles VIII, King of France Charles, Duke of Burgundy Chinon Agreement Chronicle of the Rebellion in Lincolnshire Church. Clarence, Duchess of. Clarence, Duke of. Clarence, Execution of Clifford, John, Lord Clifford Clifford, Thomas, Lord Clifford Commines, Philippe de. Commissions of Array Commons (Common People) and the Wars of the Roses “Compilation of the Meekness and Good Life of King Henry VI” (Blacman) Cook, Sir Thomas Coppini Mission Cornelius Plot Council, Royal Council Meeting of 13 June 1483 Court, Royal Courtenay, Henry, Earl of Devon (Lancastrian) Courtenay, John, Earl of Devon (Lancastrian) Courtenay, Peter, Bishop of Winchester Courtenay, Thomas, Earl of Devon Courtenay, Thomas, Earl of Devon Courtenay-Bonville Feud Coventry Parliament Crowland Chronicle. Croyland Chronicle D Dartford Uprising De Facto Act Derby, Countess of. Derby, Earl of. Desmond, Earl of. Devereux, Walter, Lord Ferrers of Chartley Devon, Earl of. Dinham, John, Lord Dinham Dorset, Marquis of. Dunstanburgh Castle E Economy. Edgecote, Battle of Edmund, Earl of Rutland. Edward IV, King of England Edward IV, Overthrow of Edward IV, Restoration of Edward V, King of England Edward, Earl of Warwick. Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales Egremont, Lord. Elizabeth of York, Queen of England Elizabeth, Queen of England. Embracery. English Church and the Wars of the Roses English Economy and the Wars of the Roses English History (Vergil). Essex, Earl of. Execution of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence. Exeter, Duke of. F Fabyan, Robert. Fauconberg, Lord. Fauconberg, Thomas, Bastard of Fauconberg. Ferrers of Chartley, Lord. Ferrybridge, Battle of First Protectorate Fitzgerald, Gerald, Earl of Kildare Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Desmond Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Kildare Fortescue, Sir John France Francis II, Duke of Brittany G Generalship Gentry George, Duke of Clarence. Gloucester, Duke of. The Great Chronicle of London. Gregory’s Chronicle. Grey, Edmund, Earl of Kent Grey, Thomas, Marquis of Dorset Gruthuyse, Louis de, Seigneur de la Gruthuyse, Earl of Winchester H Hanseatic League Harbingers Hardyng, John. Hardyng’s Chronicle Harlech Castle Harness. Hastings, William, Lord Hastings Hedgeley Moor, Battle of Henry VI, King of England Henry VI, Illness of Henry VI, Murder of Henry VI, Part 1 (Shakespeare) Henry VI, Part 2 (Shakespeare) Henry VI, Part 3 (Shakespeare) Henry VII, King of England Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke Heworth, Battle of Hexham, Battle of The History of King Richard III (More) History of the Arrival of Edward IV Holland, Henry, Duke of Exeter Howard, John, Duke of Norfolk Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk Hundred Years War Hungerford, Robert, Lord Hungerford Hungerford, Sir Thomas Hungerford, Sir Walter I Ireland J Jack Cade’s Rebellion Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford James II, King of Scotland James III, King of Scotland James IV, King of Scotland K Kennedy, James, Bishop of St. Andrews Kent, Earl of. Kildare, Earl of. Kingmaker. King’s Council. L Lancaster, House of Landais, Pierre Langstrother, Sir John, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem Leadership in Battle. Lincoln, Bishop of. Lincoln, Earl of. Lincolnshire Rebellion Livery and Maintenance London London Chronicles London, March on. Losecote Field, Battle of Louis XI, King of France Louis de Gruthuyse. Love-Day of 1458 Lovell, Francis, Viscount Lovell Lovell-Stafford Uprising Ludford Bridge, Battle of M Maintenance. Malory, Sir Thomas Mancini, Dominic. Manner and Guiding of the Earl of Warwick at Angers March, Earl of. March on London Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy Mary of Gueldres, Queen of Scotland Memoirs (Commines) Men-at-Arms Mercenaries Military Campaigns, Duration of Montagu, Marquis of. More, Sir Thomas. Mortimer Claim to the Throne. Mortimer’s Cross, Battle of Morton, John, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury Mountjoy, Lord. Mowbray, John, Duke of Norfolk Mowbray, John, Duke of Norfolk N Navy Neville, Anne, Queen of England Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York Neville Family Neville, George, Archbishop of York Neville, Sir Humphrey Neville Inheritance Dispute Neville, Isabel, Duchess of Clarence Neville, John, Earl of Northumberland and Marquis of Montagu Neville, John, Lord Neville Neville, Lord. Neville, Richard, Earl of Salisbury Neville, Richard, Earl of Warwick Neville, Sir Thomas Neville, Thomas, Bastard of Fauconberg Neville, William, Lord Fauconberg and Earl of Kentd. Neville-Percy Feud The New Chronicles of England and France. Nibley Green, Battle of Nobility. Norfolk, Duke of. Normandy, Seneschal of. North of England and the Wars of the Roses Northampton, Battle of Northern Affinity of Richard III. Northumberland Campaigns Northumberland, Earl of. O Ormond, Earl of. Oxford Conspiracy Oxford, Earl of. P Parliament Parliament of Devils. Paston Letters Peerage Pembroke, Earl of. Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland Percy, Thomas, Lord Egremont Percy-Neville Feud. Philip, Duke of Burgundy Plantagenet, Cecily, Duchess of York. Plantagenet, Edmund, Earl of Rutland Plantagenet, Edward, Earl of Warwick Plantagenet, Elizabeth, Queen of England. Plantagenet, George, Duke of Clarence Plantagenet, George, Duke of Clarence, Execution of. Plantagenet, House of Plantagenet, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York Plumpton Letters and Papers Pole, John de la, Duke of Suffolk Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln Pole, William de la, Duke of Suffolk Precontract Prerogative Princes in the Tower Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. Propaganda Protectorates of the Duke of York. R Radford, Nicholas Ratcliffe, Sir Richard Readeption Rebellion of 1483. Recruitment of Armies. Recueil des Croniques et Anchiennes Istories de la Grant Bretaigne, a present nomme Engleterre (Waurin) Retainers Retaining, Acts against Rhys ap Thomas Richard, Duke of York. Richard II, Deposition of Richard III, King of England Richard III, Historical Views of Richard III, Northern Affinity of Richard III (Shakespeare) Richmond, Countess of. Richmond, Earl of. Rivers, Earl. Robin of Holderness Rebellion Robin of Redesdale Rebellion Roos, Thomas, Lord Roos The Rose of England Rotherham, Thomas, Archbishop of York Rous, John Royal Council. Royal Court. Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln Rutland, Earl of. S St. Albans, Abbot of. St. Albans, Battle of St. Albans, Battle of St. Andrews, Bishop of. Salisbury, Bishop of. Salisbury, Earl of. Sanctuary Scales, Thomas, Lord Scales Scotland Second Protectorate Shakespeare and the Wars of the Roses Shakespeare, William. Shaw, Dr. Ralph. Shaw’s Sermon Shore, Elizabeth (Jane) Simnel, Lambert Skeletons in the Tower. Social Classes. Somerset, Duke of. The Song of Lady Bessy Stafford, Henry, Duke of Buckingham Stafford, Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham Stafford, Humphrey, Earl of Devon Stamford Bridge, Battle of Stanley, Thomas, Earl of Derby Stanley, Sir William Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells Stoke, Battle of Stonor Letters and Papers Suffolk, Duke of. Sun in Splendor/Sunburst Badge Surrey, Earl of. T Tailboys, Sir William Tewkesbury, Battle of Thomas ap Gruffydd Tiptoft, John, Earl of Worcester Titulus Regius Touchet, James, Lord Audley Tours, Treaty of. Tower of London Towns and the Wars of the Roses Towton, Battle of Trollope, Sir Andrew Tuchet, James, Lord Audley. Tudor, Edmund, Earl of Richmond Tudor, House of Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford Tudor, Owen Tunstall, Sir Richard Tuthill, Battle of. Twt Hill, Battle of Tyrell, Sir James U The Union of the Two Noble and Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York (Hall) Urswick, Christopher Usurpation of 1483 The Usurpation of Richard III (Mancini) V Vaughan, Sir Thomas Vere, John de, Earl of Oxford Vergil, Polydore. W Wainfleet, William, Bishop of Winchester Wakefield, Battle of Wales War in the North. Warbeck, Perkin Warkworth’s Chronicle Wars of the Roses, Causes of Wars of the Roses, Naming of Warwick, Earl of. Warwick the Kingmaker. Waurin, Jean de. Weaponry Welles Uprising Wenlock, John, Lord Wenlock Westminster-Ardtornish, Treaty of Whethamstede, John, Abbot of St. Albans Wiltshire, Earl of. Winchester, Bishop of. Winchester, Earl of. Woodville, Anthony, Earl Rivers Woodville, Elizabeth, Queen of England Woodville Family Woodville, Lionel, Bishop of Salisbury Woodville, Richard, Earl Rivers Worcester, Earl of. Wydeville. Y York, Archbishop of. York, Duchess of. York, Duke of. York, House of Yorkist Heirs Genealogies Map of Wars of the Roses Battle Sites Table of Dynastic Affiliations Involvement of the Higher Peerage in the Wars of the Roses European Rulers in the Fifteenth Century Popes and English Church Leaders in the Fifteenth Century Selected Historical Fiction with Fifteenth-Century Characters and Settings Selected Web Sites for Fifteenth-Century Topics Scholarly Sites The History of King Richard III by Sir Thomas More The Labyrinth Medieval Academy of America Medieval Institute ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies WWW Medieval Resources Richard III Societies Richard III Society Richard III Society, American Branch Richard III Society of Canada Web Addresses for Other Richard III Society Branches and Groups Shakespeare Sites Complete Works of William Shakespeare Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet Shakespeare Bookshelf Popular Sites by Groups, Individuals, or Battlefield Societies The Battle of Blore Heath 1459 Continuing Battle of Bosworth Field Maps of Medieval England Richard III: Historical Debate Richard III Foundation, Inc. Tewkesbury Battlefield Society Towton Battlefield Society Warrwykk’s Wars of the Roses Page Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses Wars of the Roses Fiction Reenactment Groups The Company Ecorcheur Medieval Society Federation of the Wars of the Roses Listings for Medieval Reenactment Societies The Medieval Free Company Medieval Re-enactment Society The Red Company Society for Creative Anachronism Bibliography General Works Index About the Author

this Authoritative A-z Encyclopedia Of The Wars Of The Roses Provides Accurate And Concise Descriptions Of The Major Battles And Events And The Principal Historical Figures And Issues Involved.

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not A General Overview Of 15th-century England, But A Specialized Reference To The Series Of Conflicts In English Politics And Society That Later Came To Be Known As The Wars Of The Roses. American Historian Wagner Strives To Provide General Students With Clear, Concise, And Basic Descriptions And Definitions Of People, Events, And Relevant Terms. The Articles Can Be Used To Answer Quick Questions Or As The Beginning Of Research For A Paper; There Is Extensive Cross- Referencing, And The Bibliographies Are Topic-specific. The Illustrations Are Monochrome. An E-book, 1-57607-585-3, Is Available On The Web. Annotation C. Book News, Inc., Portland, Or (booknews.com)