Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research

Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Aims Structure and Scope List of Topics About the Editor Section Editors Contributors A 4-Day Week Abandonment Abilities Ability to Cope Aboriginal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aboriginal Community Well-Being Index Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Disclaimer Cross-References References Aboriginal Education Aboriginal Health Aboriginal Inequality Aboriginal Knowledge Aboriginal Peoples Survey, Canada (APS) Definition Description Inception of the APS in 1991 Living Conditions the Subject of Inquiry in 2001 and 2006 A Shift in 2012 Conclusion Cross-References References Absence of Anxiety Absence of Psychopathology Absolute Individual Deprivation in Europe Absolute Poverty Line Absolute Subjective Well-Being (ASWB) Abstention from Voting Abundance Abuse in Romantic Relationships Abuse of Older Adults Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Sibling Academic Quality and Budgets Academic Satisfaction Access Accessibility Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Accessibility to Services Accidents Accommodation, Adaptation, Modification Accounting System for Societal Well-Being Achievement Achievement Motivation Acoustic Music Acquiescence Response Set Synonyms Definition Cross-References References ACSA Acting Action Research Synonyms Definition Description Historical Roots Discussion Questions Cross-References References Action Systems Active Ageing Active Ageing and Personal Wellbeing Among Older Adults in Spain Synonyms Definition Description Methods Used to Research on Active Ageing and Quality of Life Among Older Persons in Spain Active Ageing in Spain Personal Wellbeing Among Older Adults in Spain How Do Older Adults Perceive AA and QoL? Cross-References References Active Ageing Index (AAI) Active Citizenship Definition Description Cross-References References Active Coping Synonyms Definition Description Distinctions Active Coping and Quality of Life Cross-References References Active Lifestyle Active Living Communities Active Surveillance: Expectant Management, Watchful Waiting Active, Shared, or Passive Participation Activities Activities of Daily Living Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Definition Description References Activities of Daily Vision Scale Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Activity Assessment Synonyms Definition Description The Types of Activities to Be Measured The Purposes of the Measures The Techniques to Assess the Desired Activity Contextual Issues Related to the Measurements The Methodological Quality Practical Feasibility Discussion Cross-References References Activity Day Centers Activity Evaluation Activity Limitations at Work Activity Support, Housing and Crime Activity Theory of Successful Aging Actualizing Tendency Acute Myocardial Infarction Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Acute Poverty Adaptability Adaptation Adaptation-Level Theory Definition Description Cross-References References Adapted Version of the Flanagan Quality of Life Scale Addiction Addiction Severity Index Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Addiction Severity Index (ASI) Addiction, Sexual Addiction: An Overview Synonyms Definition Description Prevalence Rates of Substance Use and Dependency Types of Substances Sedatives Stimulants Other Drugs Behavioral Addictions Internet, Work, and Sex Addiction Correlates and Risk Factors Associated with Addictive Behaviors Assessing Substance Use Disorders Treatment References Addictive Substance Abuse Additional Benefit Additive Conjoint Measurement Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto Index Adjustment in Old Age Adolescent and Parent Values Adolescent Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Use Adolescent Health Adolescent Health-Risk and Problem Behavior Synonyms Definition Description Perceived Quality of Life: Life Satisfaction Relationship Between Problem/Health-Risk Behaviors and Perceived Quality of Life Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Substance Abuse Violence and Aggression Victimization Suicide Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior Dieting Behaviors, Perceptions of Body Weight, and Eating Disorders Physical Activity/Exercise Positive Psychological and Health-Risk Reduction Interventions Discussion Cross-References References Adolescent Life Satisfaction Measurement Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Adolescent Problem and Health Risk Behaviors: Risk Behaviors Adolescent Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Use Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Use of Specific Substances Caffeine Alcohol Nicotine Cannabis Prescription Pharmaceuticals Other Drugs Summary Cross-References References Adolescent Well-Being Adolescents Adolescents and Spirituality Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Adolescents in Singapore, Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life Definition Description HRQOL Body Mass Index (BMI) Data Analysis Sample Characteristics Association Between BMI and HRQOL Difference Between Adolescent and Parent-Proxy-Reported HRQOL by Adolescent Body Mass Status Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgment References Adolescents in Spain, Application of the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Adolescents Personal Well-Being Adolescents´ Life Satisfaction Synonyms Definition of Life Satisfaction Overview Antecedents Personality Factors Environmental Events and Experiences Cultural Factors Conclusion Cross-References References Adolescents´ Life Satisfaction in Spain Adolescents´ Sexual Relationships Adolescents´ Subjective Well-Being Adolescents´ Subjective Well-Being in Spain Adult Education Adult Equivalence Scale Adult Role Models Adult Sex Offender Advertising Advocacy Networks Advocacy Planning ADVS Aerobic Training Aesthetic Embodiment Aesthetic Merit Aesthetic Preferences Concerning Animals Aesthetic Quality Aesthetic Ranking of Animals Aesthetic Value Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Aesthetics Affect Balance Affect Balance Scale Synonyms Definition Description Reliability Validity Discussion Cross-References References Affection Affective Component of Happiness Synonyms Definition Description Concept Measures Self-Estimates Affect Balance Scales Average of Multiple Moment Assessments Behavioral Indications Findings Distributional Findings Correlational Findings Explanation Function Cross-References References Affective Concordance or Similarity Affective Connection to Nature Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Affective Contagion Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Affective States Affliction Affluence Synonyms Definition Description Conclusions Cross-References References Affluence Hypothesis and WTP Affluence, Stress, and Well-Being Synonyms Definition Description Time Stress Other Mechanisms Relations Between Perceived Stress and Well-Being at the Nation- Versus Individual-Level Conclusion References Affordable Housing African Ethics African-American Youth Informational Support Age Discrimination Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Age Distance to Death Aged Age-Friendly Communities Ageing and Institutionalization Ageism Agency Agency Perspective Agenda 21 Definition Description Cross-References References Agentic Versus Communal Needs Age-Sex Pyramid Aggregate Measures Aggregate Social Indicators Construction Aggregated Governance Indicators Synonyms Definition Description Discussion References Aggregation Problem Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Aggression Aggression Against Children Aggression, Sibling Aging Aging Population Definition Description References Aging Workers Aging Workers and the Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Age and the Quality of Work Age and Job Satisfaction The Health Status of Older Workers Social Integration of Older Workers The Overall Well-Being of Older Workers Cross-References References Agitation Agnosticism AI/AN Child Health Indicators AIDS Caregiver Scale Definition Description Satisfaction Items Stress Items References Ailments Air Pollutant (AP) Air Pollution Index (API) Air Quality Synonyms Definition Description Discussion References Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) Air Quality Index (AQI) Aircraft Noise Airport Noise Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Alaska, Living Conditions of the Inupiat Synonyms Description Inupiaq People and Well-Being Cross-References References Albanian/Serbian Intermarriage Alberta Survey Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Alberta´s Genuine Progress Indicator Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Alberta GPI Income Statement Conclusion Cross-References References Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Consumption and Suicide in Norway Alcohol or Drug Dependence (Physical or Psychological or Both) Alcoholism Alcoholism (Alcohol Dependence) Algeria, Personal Well-Being Index Synonyms Definition Description The Algerian Context The Survey Methodology Personal Well-Being Psychometric Performance of PWI Normative PWI Range in Algeria Cross-References References Algeria, Well-Being Algerian Secondary School Students, Application of the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) Synonyms Definition Description The Algerian School System The Survey Methodology Personal Well-being Index Ratings of PWI Psychometric Performance of PWI Discussion Cross-References References Alienation Description References All Injuries Allowed Alpha Reliability Alternative Development in Mexico and Chile Alternative/Flexible Work Arrangements Altruism Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Alzheimer´s Type Dementia Amazement Ambivalent Prejudice Ambivalent Sexism Ambulation and Disability Ambulatory Assessment with Daily Diaries American Demographics Index of Well-Being Definition Description Cross-References References American Indian and Alaska Native Child Health Indicators American Indian and Alaska Native Child Well-Being Indicators American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Youth Well-Being Indicators American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Child Health Indicators American Indian/Alaska Native Child Health Indicators Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References American Indian/Alaska Native Cultural Competence American National Election Studies Synonyms Definition Description ANES in a Nutshell Background Collection Methods Themes and Constructs References Amusement Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) Definition Description Analysis of Covariance Levene´s Test for the Homogeneity of Variance Discussion Cross-References References Analysis of Quality of Life (QOL) Models Analysis of Residuals Analysis of Variance Synonyms Definition Description Example: One-Way ANOVA Example: Multiple Comparisons Discussion Cross-References References Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment Andean and Amazonian Native Conceptions of Well-Being Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Andorka, Rudolf Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Selections in Hungarian/English and German Andrews, Frank M. Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Anger Synonyms Definition Description Anger Activation Anger Appearance and Anger Regulation Anger Stabilization Assessment and Treatment Conclusions Cross-References References Animal Attractiveness Animal Beauty, Cross-cultural Perceptions Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) Annual Reports of European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO) Definition Description Cross-References References Annual Reports of European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO) Definition Description Cross-References References Anonymous Iamblichi Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Anonymous Sex Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (ABOS) Anorexia Nervosa ANOVA Antenatal Depression Antenatal Period Antepartum Depression Anthropology Synonyms Definition Description Anthropology of Well-Being: Potentials and Limitations Cultural Relativism and Principled Objections to Evaluation Quality, Cross-Cultural Epistemology, and Narrative Conclusion Cross-References References Antisocial Behavior Antonovsky Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Anxiety Disorders Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Anxiety Neurosis Anxiety Symptoms with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Anxiety, Social Appearance-Related Aging Anxiety Appetitive Intimacy Sex Motives Applicant Countries Eurobarometer Application of the Personal Well-Being Index (School Children Version) in Portugal Synonyms Definition Description Method Results Descriptive Statistics Validity and Reliability of the PWI-SC Gender and Age in PWI-SC Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgment References Applications of SQOL Applied Psychophysiology Synonyms Definition Description Respiratory Training and Breathing Empowerment Stress Management Heart Rate Resonance (HRR, HRV) Cross-References References Applied Research in Quality of Life Definition Description Aim and Scope Recognition of the Field Goals and Rationale Other QOL Research Journals Articles Abstracted and Indexed ARQOL and Springer´s Open Choice Conclusion Applying the Personal Wellbeing Index in New Zealand (2005-2019) Background Methodology Results for PWI in New Zealand: 2005-2019 Psychometric Properties of the PWI in 2005, 2011, 2013, and 2019 Discussion Cross-References References Appraisal of Caregiving Scale Definition Description Psychometrics Scoring Theoretical Background Cross-References References Appraisal of Life Questionnaire Appraisals and Response Shifts Apprehension Approach Coping Approaches to Identifying IER Approval Sex Motives AQLQ Aquarium Architecture and Meaning Definition Description Meaning in Architecture and Language Other Perspectives on Architecture and Meaning Cross-References References Arctic Adjustment Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Arctic Social Indicators (ASI) Definition Description Cross-References References Arctic, Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Area Studies Area Under the Curve (AUC) Definition Description Calculating the AUC Utilities and QALYS Calculation of a QALY for an Individual Patient Cross-References References Argyle, Michael Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References Ariaal (Kenya), Quality of Life Definition Description References Aristotle Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Arizona Indicators Definition Description Cross-References References Arousal, Sexual ARS Art Art and Investment Art for Art´s Sake Art Galleries Art Museums/Galleries Art Ownership as Wealth Accumulation Synonyms Definition Description Art as a Financial Asset Collecting Art as an Investment Art Collecting and the Intergenerational Transfer of Wealth Art Investment Funds Art Market Trends Discussion Cross-References References Arthritis Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) Definition Description Reliability Validity Head-to-Head Comparisons with Other Scales Strengths Limitations References Artic QoL Articles Artifacts Artificial Neural Network Artistic Value Arts and Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Arts and Self-Development Arts in British Columbia, Canada Synonyms Description Cross-References References Arts-Related Activities Ascriptive Inequalities ASI Asia Asia, Quality of Life Synonyms Description References AsiaBarometer Asian Versus Western Views Definition Description Empirical Findings Individual Achievement or Social Harmony in East and West Thinking Styles, Quality of Life, and Happiness in East and West Indices of Quality of Life Conclusion Cross-References References Aspiration Spiral Theory Applied to Germany Aspiration Theory Synonyms Definition Description Historical Background Aspiration Formation Consequences of (Changing) Aspiration Levels Empirical Measures of Aspirations Cross-References References Aspiration-Achievement Gap Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Aspirational Qualities, Children and Parents Aspirational Values, Children and Parents ASPIRES Assessing Meaning in Life Assessing Sustainability Assessments Assessment Assessment of Family Functioning in Chinese People Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Assessment Techniques Assessment, Social Assessments of Prose Literacy Asset-Based Community Development Assets Mapping Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Assets-Oriented Community Assessment Assisted Housing Association Memberships Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Asthenia Asthma Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Synonyms Definition Description Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire - Marks (AQLQ-M) Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) Discussion Cross-References References Astronaut Families Atheism Atmo Index At-Risk Children Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Attachment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Attachment Theory, Coping and Child´s Death Attachments, Social Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Attention Restoration Theory Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Synonyms Definition Description Diagnosis Prevalence Etiology Neuropsychology Comorbidity and Problems Associated with ADHD Treatment Cross-References References Attitude Measurement Definition Description Evaluative Criteria for QOL Scales References Attitude Scales Attitudes Attitudes Toward Aging Synonyms Definition Description Theoretical Perspectives Cross-Cultural Attitudes The Media and Social Networking Sites and Attitudes Toward Aging Attitudes of Health-Care Providers Discussion Cross-References References Attitudes Toward Government Spending in Asia-Pacific Region Definition Description Cross-References References Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Attitudes Toward the Death Penalty Synonyms Definition Description Death Penalty Support and Opposition The Marshall Hypothesis Understanding Death Penalty Attitudes: Foundations, Functions, and Dynamics Cross-References References Attitudes Toward Women Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Attractiveness Atypical Employment Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews (ACASI) Auditing Auditing Sustainability Assessments Australia, Personal Wellbeing Index Synonyms Definition Description Participants Data Analysis Results Normative Ranges Factor Analysis PWI Domain Regressions Against GLS Conclusion Cross-References References Australia, Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Australian Life Quality: An Overview The Australian Unity Well-Being Index Identifying the Demographic Groups with the Highest and Lowest SWB Economic Well-Being Relationships Conclusions References Australian Indigenous Peoples: Culture and Well-Being Synonyms Definition Quality of Life and the Role of Culture Culture and Policy Indigenous Australians´ Conception of QOL Culture and Well-Being: Empirical Evidence International Evidence Empirical Evidence for Indigenous Australians Cross-References References Australian Unity Well-Being Index Authentic Functioning Authenticity: Psychological Perspectives and Operationalizations Synonyms Definition Description Brief Philosophical Overview Humanistic Perspective and Operationalization Self-Determination Theory Perspectives Different Operationalization Strategies and Measurements Open Issues and Propositions Cross-References References Autocorrelation, Statistical Description References Automatic Prejudice Autovectors Aversely Driven Approval Sex Motives Avoidance Avoidance Coping Awareness Awe B Baby Hunger and Australian Women Bad Jobs Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Balance Balance and Happiness Balance in Life Balanced Life Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Ballet Bankruptcy Definition Description Cross-References References Barthel ADL Index Barthel Index Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Barthel Scale Basic Capabilities Index (BCI) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Basic Capability Basic Child Care and Well-Being Basic Emotions Recognition Basic Needs Synonyms Definition Description Concepts Indicators Development Policies Links with the Human Development and Capability Approach Cross-References References Basic Needs, Absolute Poverty: Measuring Poverty in Developing Countries Synonyms Definition Description Meeting Basic Needs: Essential Items of Life Absolute Approach to Measuring Poverty Measuring Poverty in the Global South Cross-References Acknowledgment References Basic Values and Well-Being in Europe Basic Values and Well-Being in Migrants to Spain BCI BD BD I BD II BDI-II Beauty Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Beck Depression Inventory Synonyms Definition Description Overview Development Administration and Scoring Translation/Adaptation Factor Structure Reliability Validity Content Validation Convergent and Discriminant Validation Known-Groups Validation Criterion-Related Validation Discussion Cross-References References Beck Inventory Behavior Therapy with Children Behavior, Social Behavior, Sustainable Behavioral Addictions Behavioral Conditioning Synonyms Definition Description Historical Antecedents Multidisciplinary Health-Care Team Healthy People Elderly People People with Chronic Diseases Discussion Cross-References References Behavioral Dysfunction Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Behavioral Systems Belief in a Just World (BJW) Definition Description Cross-References References Beliefs About Poverty Synonyms Definition Description Three Types of Beliefs About Poverty Assessment of Beliefs About Poverty Individual Correlates of Different Beliefs About Poverty Social Correlates of Different Beliefs Beliefs About Poverty and Quality of Life Implications of Understanding Beliefs About Poverty Cross-References References Beliefs, Spiritual Bell, Daniel Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions References Bellagio Principles for Assessing Sustainable Development Definition Description Cross-References References BellagioSTAMP Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Benchmarking Synonyms Definition Description Genealogy Dissemination Benchmarking as a Cornerstone of Total Quality Management Cross-References References Beneficence Benefit of Doubt Approach to Gender Well-Being Assessment Benefit-Cost Analysis Benefits of College Benevolent Sexism Bereavement Synonyms Definition Description Definition and Prevalence Impact of Bereavement on Intrapersonal Quality of Life Impact of Bereavement on Interpersonal Quality of Life Impact of Bereavement on Environmental Issues Potential Positive Long-Term Impact of Bereavement on Quality of Life Cross-References References Bereavement Phenomenology Questionnaire Synonyms Definition Description Measuring Core Bereavement Phenomena Cross-References References Bereavement Response Scale Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bernard, Paul Cross-References References Bernheim´s ACSA Bernheim´s Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA) Synonyms Definition Description Advantages and Limitations ACSA administration Step 1: Anchoring Step 2 ACSA Rating References BES (Benessere Equo e Sostenibile): Measuring and Assessing Progress of Italian Society Definition Description Cross-References References Best Evidence Synthesis Best Practices Best-Worst Global Evaluation (Gender) Beta Coefficient Beta Weights Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Better Life Index Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bias, Statistical Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bidirectional Explanation of Satisfaction Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bi-factor Analysis Synonyms Definition Description The Bi-factor IRT Model Quality of Life Illustration Summary Cross-References References Big Five Model of Personality Big Five Personality Traits Big Picture Research Bigotry and Religion Binary Response Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Binge Eating Disorder Binomial Regression Biodiversity Conservation Synonyms Definition Description Biodiversity Is Important Threats to Biodiversity Conservation of Biodiversity Cross-References References Biodiversity Indices Biodiversity, Species Bioecological Model Bioecological Theory of Human Development Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Biofeedback Synonyms Definition Description Disorders and Treatment Efficacy Thermal Feedback (TBF) Electrodermal Response (EDR) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Electromyography (EMG) Self-Regulation Technology Cross-References References Biological Diversity Biomedical Model of QoL and Breast Cancer Biophilia Biophilia Theory Biopsychosocial Model Definition Description Cross-References References Biopsychosocial Model of Quality of Life Bipolar Affective Disorder Bipolar Disorder (BD) Synonyms Definition Description Diagnostic and Definitional Issues Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder Treatment Quality of Life (QoL) in Bipolar Disorder Measurement of QoL in BD Cross-References References Bipolar Disorder Scale (QoL.BD), Quality of Life Birth Control Synonyms Definition Description Historical Development Impact on Quality of Life Discussion Cross-References References Birth Order Synonyms Definition Description References Birth Rate Birthrate and US Hispanics Bisexual Bivariate Bivariate Analysis Definition Description Cross-References References Bivariate Regression Definition References BLI Blind, Quality of Life Body Image Synonyms Definition Description Current Cultural Perceptions of Beauty Body Image and Gender Body Image and Age Body Image and Quality of Life Cross-References References Body Image in Adolescents Bog Bonding to School Booty Calls Botanical Gardens Bottom Up Society Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Theories of Life Satisfaction Definition Description Cross-References References Bounded Rationality Boy Soldier Bradburn Scale Brainwave Biofeedback Brazil, Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Brazil, Satisfaction with Life Scale Survey Results Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Breast Cancer Synonyms Definition Description Emotional and Cognitive Issues Issues Related to Femininity and Sexuality Physical Symptoms and Late Effects Social Relationships and Roles Existential Issues Concluding Remarks Cross-References References Breast Cancer and Adaptation Breast Cancer and Body Image Breast Cancer and Depression Breast Cancer and Emotional Sharing Breast Cancer and Fatigue Breast Cancer and Financial Stress Breast Cancer and Intimate Partner Support Breast Cancer and Sexual Functioning Breast Cancer and Spirituality Breast Cancer Femininity and Sexuality Breast Cancer Patients, Surgery, and Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description QOL After Surgical Treatment HRQOL and HS After Surgical Treatment Breast Reconstruction and (HR)QOL/HS Other Factors That Affect (HR)QOL/HS Conclusion Cross-References References Breast Carcinoma Breast Carcinoma/Breast Neoplasm Breast-Conserving Therapy/Lumpectomy Breathlessness BR-I Bribe Payers Index (BPI) Bribery Brief Derogatis Psychiatric Rating Scale (BDPRS) Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) BR-II British Columbia Brundtland Commission (World Commission on Environment and Development) Address Brief History Activities/Major Accomplishments/Contributions Cross-References References Brunswikian Model Building Adaptive Capacity Building Organizational Capacity with Community Collaboratives Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Built Environment Synonyms Definition Description Visual Quality in the Built Environment Order, Complexity, and Chaos in the Built Environment Points for Consideration Cross-References References Built Form Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa and Caregivers Bullying Definition Description Cross-References References Burden of Illness Burden to Others Bureaucratic Politics Burnout Synonyms Definition What Is Burnout? Description Background Measurement of Burnout Causes of Burnout Workload Control Reward Community Fairness Values Consequences of Burnout Cross-References References Burnout Scale Burnout Syndrome Business Ethics Synonyms Definition Description References Business for Social Responsibility Definition Description Cross-References References Business Regulation Measure Business Well-Being Definition Description Authentic Leadership Effective People Management Positive Emotional Relationships Work Engagement Conclusion Cross-References References C CAIT Calgary, Sustainable Definition Description Cross-References References Calibrated Development Indexes Synonyms Definition Description Calibration Reliability Validity Discussion Cross-References References Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale (CAMSIS) Campaigns and Activists Campbell, Angus Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions References Canada Canada, Quality of Life Canada: Social Cohesion Definition Description Introduction Multidimensional Aspect of Social Cohesion Multilevel Aspect of Social Cohesion Specific Indicators of Social Cohesion in Canada Economic Domain Employment Rate Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Aims Structure and Scope List of Topics About the Editor Section Editors Contributors A 4-Day Week Abandonment Abilities Ability to Cope Aboriginal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aboriginal Community Well-Being Index Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Disclaimer Cross-References References Aboriginal Education Aboriginal Health Aboriginal Inequality Aboriginal Knowledge Aboriginal Peoples Survey, Canada (APS) Definition Description Inception of the APS in 1991 Living Conditions the Subject of Inquiry in 2001 and 2006 A Shift in 2012 Conclusion Cross-References References Absence of Anxiety Absence of Psychopathology Absolute Individual Deprivation in Europe Absolute Poverty Line Absolute Subjective Well-Being (ASWB) Abstention from Voting Abundance Abuse in Romantic Relationships Abuse of Older Adults Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Sibling Academic Quality and Budgets Academic Satisfaction Access Accessibility Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Accessibility to Services Accidents Accommodation, Adaptation, Modification Accounting System for Societal Well-Being Achievement Achievement Motivation Acoustic Music Acquiescence Response Set Synonyms Definition Cross-References References ACSA Acting Action Research Synonyms Definition Description Historical Roots Discussion Questions Cross-References References Action Systems Active Ageing Active Ageing and Personal Wellbeing Among Older Adults in Spain Synonyms Definition Description Methods Used to Research on Active Ageing and Quality of Life Among Older Persons in Spain Active Ageing in Spain Personal Wellbeing Among Older Adults in Spain How Do Older Adults Perceive AA and QoL? Cross-References References Active Ageing Index (AAI) Active Citizenship Definition Description Cross-References References Active Coping Synonyms Definition Description Distinctions Active Coping and Quality of Life Cross-References References Active Lifestyle Active Living Communities Active Surveillance: Expectant Management, Watchful Waiting Active, Shared, or Passive Participation Activities Activities of Daily Living Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Definition Description References Activities of Daily Vision Scale Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Activity Assessment Synonyms Definition Description The Types of Activities to Be Measured The Purposes of the Measures The Techniques to Assess the Desired Activity Contextual Issues Related to the Measurements The Methodological Quality Practical Feasibility Discussion Cross-References References Activity Day Centers Activity Evaluation Activity Limitations at Work Activity Support, Housing and Crime Activity Theory of Successful Aging Actualizing Tendency Acute Myocardial Infarction Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Acute Poverty Adaptability Adaptation Adaptation-Level Theory Definition Description Cross-References References Adapted Version of the Flanagan Quality of Life Scale Addiction Addiction Severity Index Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Addiction Severity Index (ASI) Addiction, Sexual Addiction: An Overview Synonyms Definition Description Prevalence Rates of Substance Use and Dependency Types of Substances Sedatives Stimulants Other Drugs Behavioral Addictions Internet, Work, and Sex Addiction Correlates and Risk Factors Associated with Addictive Behaviors Assessing Substance Use Disorders Treatment References Addictive Substance Abuse Additional Benefit Additive Conjoint Measurement Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto Index Adjustment in Old Age Adolescent and Parent Values Adolescent Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Use Adolescent Health Adolescent Health-Risk and Problem Behavior Synonyms Definition Description Perceived Quality of Life: Life Satisfaction Relationship Between Problem/Health-Risk Behaviors and Perceived Quality of Life Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Substance Abuse Violence and Aggression Victimization Suicide Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior Dieting Behaviors, Perceptions of Body Weight, and Eating Disorders Physical Activity/Exercise Positive Psychological and Health-Risk Reduction Interventions Discussion Cross-References References Adolescent Life Satisfaction Measurement Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Adolescent Problem and Health Risk Behaviors: Risk Behaviors Adolescent Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Use Synonyms Definition Description Introduction Use of Specific Substances Caffeine Alcohol Nicotine Cannabis Prescription Pharmaceuticals Other Drugs Summary Cross-References References Adolescent Well-Being Adolescents Adolescents and Spirituality Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Adolescents in Singapore, Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life Definition Description HRQOL Body Mass Index (BMI) Data Analysis Sample Characteristics Association Between BMI and HRQOL Difference Between Adolescent and Parent-Proxy-Reported HRQOL by Adolescent Body Mass Status Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgment References Adolescents in Spain, Application of the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Adolescents Personal Well-Being Adolescents ́ Life Satisfaction Synonyms Definition of Life Satisfaction Overview Antecedents Personality Factors Environmental Events and Experiences Cultural Factors Conclusion Cross-References References Adolescents ́ Life Satisfaction in Spain Adolescents ́ Sexual Relationships Adolescents ́ Subjective Well-Being Adolescents ́ Subjective Well-Being in Spain Adult Education Adult Equivalence Scale Adult Role Models Adult Sex Offender Advertising Advocacy Networks Advocacy Planning ADVS Aerobic Training Aesthetic Embodiment Aesthetic Merit Aesthetic Preferences Concerning Animals Aesthetic Quality Aesthetic Ranking of Animals Aesthetic Value Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Aesthetics Affect Balance Affect Balance Scale Synonyms Definition Description Reliability Validity Discussion Cross-References References Affection Affective Component of Happiness Synonyms Definition Description Concept Measures Self-Estimates Affect Balance Scales Average of Multiple Moment Assessments Behavioral Indications Findings Distributional Findings Correlational Findings Explanation Function Cross-References References Affective Concordance or Similarity Affective Connection to Nature Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Affective Contagion Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Affective States Affliction Affluence Synonyms Definition Description Conclusions Cross-References References Affluence Hypothesis and WTP Affluence, Stress, and Well-Being Synonyms Definition Description Time Stress Other Mechanisms Relations Between Perceived Stress and Well-Being at the Nation- Versus Individual-Level Conclusion References Affordable Housing African Ethics African-American Youth Informational Support Age Discrimination Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Age Distance to Death Aged Age-Friendly Communities Ageing and Institutionalization Ageism Agency Agency Perspective Agenda 21 Definition Description Cross-References References Agentic Versus Communal Needs Age-Sex Pyramid Aggregate Measures Aggregate Social Indicators Construction Aggregated Governance Indicators Synonyms Definition Description Discussion References Aggregation Problem Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Aggression Aggression Against Children Aggression, Sibling Aging Aging Population Definition Description References Aging Workers Aging Workers and the Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Age and the Quality of Work Age and Job Satisfaction The Health Status of Older Workers Social Integration of Older Workers The Overall Well-Being of Older Workers Cross-References References Agitation Agnosticism AI/AN Child Health Indicators AIDS Caregiver Scale Definition Description Satisfaction Items Stress Items References Ailments Air Pollutant (AP) Air Pollution Index (API) Air Quality Synonyms Definition Description Discussion References Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) Air Quality Index (AQI) Aircraft Noise Airport Noise Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Alaska, Living Conditions of the Inupiat Synonyms Description Inupiaq People and Well-Being Cross-References References Albanian/Serbian Intermarriage Alberta Survey Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Alberta ́s Genuine Progress Indicator Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Alberta GPI Income Statement Conclusion Cross-References References Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Consumption and Suicide in Norway Alcohol or Drug Dependence (Physical or Psychological or Both) Alcoholism Alcoholism (Alcohol Dependence) Algeria, Personal Well-Being Index Synonyms Definition Description The Algerian Context The Survey Methodology Personal Well-Being Psychometric Performance of PWI Normative PWI Range in Algeria Cross-References References Algeria, Well-Being Algerian Secondary School Students, Application of the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI) Synonyms Definition Description The Algerian School System The Survey Methodology Personal Well-being Index Ratings of PWI Psychometric Performance of PWI Discussion Cross-References References Alienation Description References All Injuries Allowed Alpha Reliability Alternative Development in Mexico and Chile Alternative/Flexible Work Arrangements Altruism Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Alzheimer ́s Type Dementia Amazement Ambivalent Prejudice Ambivalent Sexism Ambulation and Disability Ambulatory Assessment with Daily Diaries American Demographics Index of Well-Being Definition Description Cross-References References American Indian and Alaska Native Child Health Indicators American Indian and Alaska Native Child Well-Being Indicators American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Youth Well-Being Indicators American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Child Health Indicators American Indian/Alaska Native Child Health Indicators Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References American Indian/Alaska Native Cultural Competence American National Election Studies Synonyms Definition Description ANES in a Nutshell Background Collection Methods Themes and Constructs References Amusement Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) Definition Description Analysis of Covariance Levene ́s Test for the Homogeneity of Variance Discussion Cross-References References Analysis of Quality of Life (QOL) Models Analysis of Residuals Analysis of Variance Synonyms Definition Description Example: One-Way ANOVA Example: Multiple Comparisons Discussion Cross-References References Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment Andean and Amazonian Native Conceptions of Well-Being Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Andorka, Rudolf Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Selections in Hungarian/English and German Andrews, Frank M. Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Anger Synonyms Definition Description Anger Activation Anger Appearance and Anger Regulation Anger Stabilization Assessment and Treatment Conclusions Cross-References References Animal Attractiveness Animal Beauty, Cross-cultural Perceptions Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) Annual Reports of European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO) Definition Description Cross-References References Annual Reports of European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO) Definition Description Cross-References References Anonymous Iamblichi Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Anonymous Sex Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (ABOS) Anorexia Nervosa ANOVA Antenatal Depression Antenatal Period Antepartum Depression Anthropology Synonyms Definition Description Anthropology of Well-Being: Potentials and Limitations Cultural Relativism and Principled Objections to Evaluation Quality, Cross-Cultural Epistemology, and Narrative Conclusion Cross-References References Antisocial Behavior Antonovsky Anxiety Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Anxiety Disorders Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Anxiety Neurosis Anxiety Symptoms with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Anxiety, Social Appearance-Related Aging Anxiety Appetitive Intimacy Sex Motives Applicant Countries Eurobarometer Application of the Personal Well-Being Index (School Children Version) in Portugal Synonyms Definition Description Method Results Descriptive Statistics Validity and Reliability of the PWI-SC Gender and Age in PWI-SC Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgment References Applications of SQOL Applied Psychophysiology Synonyms Definition Description Respiratory Training and Breathing Empowerment Stress Management Heart Rate Resonance (HRR, HRV) Cross-References References Applied Research in Quality of Life Definition Description Aim and Scope Recognition of the Field Goals and Rationale Other QOL Research Journals Articles Abstracted and Indexed ARQOL and Springer ́s Open Choice Conclusion Applying the Personal Wellbeing Index in New Zealand (2005-2019) Background Methodology Results for PWI in New Zealand: 2005-2019 Psychometric Properties of the PWI in 2005, 2011, 2013, and 2019 Discussion Cross-References References Appraisal of Caregiving Scale Definition Description Psychometrics Scoring Theoretical Background Cross-References References Appraisal of Life Questionnaire Appraisals and Response Shifts Apprehension Approach Coping Approaches to Identifying IER Approval Sex Motives AQLQ Aquarium Architecture and Meaning Definition Description Meaning in Architecture and Language Other Perspectives on Architecture and Meaning Cross-References References Arctic Adjustment Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Arctic Social Indicators (ASI) Definition Description Cross-References References Arctic, Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Area Studies Area Under the Curve (AUC) Definition Description Calculating the AUC Utilities and QALYS Calculation of a QALY for an Individual Patient Cross-References References Argyle, Michael Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References Ariaal (Kenya), Quality of Life Definition Description References Aristotle Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions Cross-References References Arizona Indicators Definition Description Cross-References References Arousal, Sexual ARS Art Art and Investment Art for Art ́s Sake Art Galleries Art Museums/Galleries Art Ownership as Wealth Accumulation Synonyms Definition Description Art as a Financial Asset Collecting Art as an Investment Art Collecting and the Intergenerational Transfer of Wealth Art Investment Funds Art Market Trends Discussion Cross-References References Arthritis Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) Definition Description Reliability Validity Head-to-Head Comparisons with Other Scales Strengths Limitations References Artic QoL Articles Artifacts Artificial Neural Network Artistic Value Arts and Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Arts and Self-Development Arts in British Columbia, Canada Synonyms Description Cross-References References Arts-Related Activities Ascriptive Inequalities ASI Asia Asia, Quality of Life Synonyms Description References AsiaBarometer Asian Versus Western Views Definition Description Empirical Findings Individual Achievement or Social Harmony in East and West Thinking Styles, Quality of Life, and Happiness in East and West Indices of Quality of Life Conclusion Cross-References References Aspiration Spiral Theory Applied to Germany Aspiration Theory Synonyms Definition Description Historical Background Aspiration Formation Consequences of (Changing) Aspiration Levels Empirical Measures of Aspirations Cross-References References Aspiration-Achievement Gap Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Aspirational Qualities, Children and Parents Aspirational Values, Children and Parents ASPIRES Assessing Meaning in Life Assessing Sustainability Assessments Assessment Assessment of Family Functioning in Chinese People Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Assessment Techniques Assessment, Social Assessments of Prose Literacy Asset-Based Community Development Assets Mapping Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Assets-Oriented Community Assessment Assisted Housing Association Memberships Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Asthenia Asthma Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Synonyms Definition Description Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire - Marks (AQLQ-M) Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) Discussion Cross-References References Astronaut Families Atheism Atmo Index At-Risk Children Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Attachment Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Attachment Theory, Coping and Child ́s Death Attachments, Social Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Attention Restoration Theory Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Synonyms Definition Description Diagnosis Prevalence Etiology Neuropsychology Comorbidity and Problems Associated with ADHD Treatment Cross-References References Attitude Measurement Definition Description Evaluative Criteria for QOL Scales References Attitude Scales Attitudes Attitudes Toward Aging Synonyms Definition Description Theoretical Perspectives Cross-Cultural Attitudes The Media and Social Networking Sites and Attitudes Toward Aging Attitudes of Health-Care Providers Discussion Cross-References References Attitudes Toward Government Spending in Asia-Pacific Region Definition Description Cross-References References Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Attitudes Toward the Death Penalty Synonyms Definition Description Death Penalty Support and Opposition The Marshall Hypothesis Understanding Death Penalty Attitudes: Foundations, Functions, and Dynamics Cross-References References Attitudes Toward Women Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Attractiveness Atypical Employment Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews (ACASI) Auditing Auditing Sustainability Assessments Australia, Personal Wellbeing Index Synonyms Definition Description Participants Data Analysis Results Normative Ranges Factor Analysis PWI Domain Regressions Against GLS Conclusion Cross-References References Australia, Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Australian Life Quality: An Overview The Australian Unity Well-Being Index Identifying the Demographic Groups with the Highest and Lowest SWB Economic Well-Being Relationships Conclusions References Australian Indigenous Peoples: Culture and Well-Being Synonyms Definition Quality of Life and the Role of Culture Culture and Policy Indigenous Australians ́ Conception of QOL Culture and Well-Being: Empirical Evidence International Evidence Empirical Evidence for Indigenous Australians Cross-References References Australian Unity Well-Being Index Authentic Functioning Authenticity: Psychological Perspectives and Operationalizations Synonyms Definition Description Brief Philosophical Overview Humanistic Perspective and Operationalization Self-Determination Theory Perspectives Different Operationalization Strategies and Measurements Open Issues and Propositions Cross-References References Autocorrelation, Statistical Description References Automatic Prejudice Autovectors Aversely Driven Approval Sex Motives Avoidance Avoidance Coping Awareness Awe B Baby Hunger and Australian Women Bad Jobs Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Balance Balance and Happiness Balance in Life Balanced Life Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Ballet Bankruptcy Definition Description Cross-References References Barthel ADL Index Barthel Index Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Barthel Scale Basic Capabilities Index (BCI) Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Basic Capability Basic Child Care and Well-Being Basic Emotions Recognition Basic Needs Synonyms Definition Description Concepts Indicators Development Policies Links with the Human Development and Capability Approach Cross-References References Basic Needs, Absolute Poverty: Measuring Poverty in Developing Countries Synonyms Definition Description Meeting Basic Needs: Essential Items of Life Absolute Approach to Measuring Poverty Measuring Poverty in the Global South Cross-References Acknowledgment References Basic Values and Well-Being in Europe Basic Values and Well-Being in Migrants to Spain BCI BD BD I BD II BDI-II Beauty Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Beck Depression Inventory Synonyms Definition Description Overview Development Administration and Scoring Translation/Adaptation Factor Structure Reliability Validity Content Validation Convergent and Discriminant Validation Known-Groups Validation Criterion-Related Validation Discussion Cross-References References Beck Inventory Behavior Therapy with Children Behavior, Social Behavior, Sustainable Behavioral Addictions Behavioral Conditioning Synonyms Definition Description Historical Antecedents Multidisciplinary Health-Care Team Healthy People Elderly People People with Chronic Diseases Discussion Cross-References References Behavioral Dysfunction Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Behavioral Systems Belief in a Just World (BJW) Definition Description Cross-References References Beliefs About Poverty Synonyms Definition Description Three Types of Beliefs About Poverty Assessment of Beliefs About Poverty Individual Correlates of Different Beliefs About Poverty Social Correlates of Different Beliefs Beliefs About Poverty and Quality of Life Implications of Understanding Beliefs About Poverty Cross-References References Beliefs, Spiritual Bell, Daniel Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions References Bellagio Principles for Assessing Sustainable Development Definition Description Cross-References References BellagioSTAMP Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Benchmarking Synonyms Definition Description Genealogy Dissemination Benchmarking as a Cornerstone of Total Quality Management Cross-References References Beneficence Benefit of Doubt Approach to Gender Well-Being Assessment Benefit-Cost Analysis Benefits of College Benevolent Sexism Bereavement Synonyms Definition Description Definition and Prevalence Impact of Bereavement on Intrapersonal Quality of Life Impact of Bereavement on Interpersonal Quality of Life Impact of Bereavement on Environmental Issues Potential Positive Long-Term Impact of Bereavement on Quality of Life Cross-References References Bereavement Phenomenology Questionnaire Synonyms Definition Description Measuring Core Bereavement Phenomena Cross-References References Bereavement Response Scale Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bernard, Paul Cross-References References Bernheim ́s ACSA Bernheim ́s Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA) Synonyms Definition Description Advantages and Limitations ACSA administration Step 1: Anchoring Step 2 ACSA Rating References BES (Benessere Equo e Sostenibile): Measuring and Assessing Progress of Italian Society Definition Description Cross-References References Best Evidence Synthesis Best Practices Best-Worst Global Evaluation (Gender) Beta Coefficient Beta Weights Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Better Life Index Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bias, Statistical Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bidirectional Explanation of Satisfaction Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Bi-factor Analysis Synonyms Definition Description The Bi-factor IRT Model Quality of Life Illustration Summary Cross-References References Big Five Model of Personality Big Five Personality Traits Big Picture Research Bigotry and Religion Binary Response Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Binge Eating Disorder Binomial Regression Biodiversity Conservation Synonyms Definition Description Biodiversity Is Important Threats to Biodiversity Conservation of Biodiversity Cross-References References Biodiversity Indices Biodiversity, Species Bioecological Model Bioecological Theory of Human Development Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Biofeedback Synonyms Definition Description Disorders and Treatment Efficacy Thermal Feedback (TBF) Electrodermal Response (EDR) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Electromyography (EMG) Self-Regulation Technology Cross-References References Biological Diversity Biomedical Model of QoL and Breast Cancer Biophilia Biophilia Theory Biopsychosocial Model Definition Description Cross-References References Biopsychosocial Model of Quality of Life Bipolar Affective Disorder Bipolar Disorder (BD) Synonyms Definition Description Diagnostic and Definitional Issues Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder Treatment Quality of Life (QoL) in Bipolar Disorder Measurement of QoL in BD Cross-References References Bipolar Disorder Scale (QoL.BD), Quality of Life Birth Control Synonyms Definition Description Historical Development Impact on Quality of Life Discussion Cross-References References Birth Order Synonyms Definition Description References Birth Rate Birthrate and US Hispanics Bisexual Bivariate Bivariate Analysis Definition Description Cross-References References Bivariate Regression Definition References BLI Blind, Quality of Life Body Image Synonyms Definition Description Current Cultural Perceptions of Beauty Body Image and Gender Body Image and Age Body Image and Quality of Life Cross-References References Body Image in Adolescents Bog Bonding to School Booty Calls Botanical Gardens Bottom Up Society Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Theories of Life Satisfaction Definition Description Cross-References References Bounded Rationality Boy Soldier Bradburn Scale Brainwave Biofeedback Brazil, Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description Cross-References References Brazil, Satisfaction with Life Scale Survey Results Synonyms Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Breast Cancer Synonyms Definition Description Emotional and Cognitive Issues Issues Related to Femininity and Sexuality Physical Symptoms and Late Effects Social Relationships and Roles Existential Issues Concluding Remarks Cross-References References Breast Cancer and Adaptation Breast Cancer and Body Image Breast Cancer and Depression Breast Cancer and Emotional Sharing Breast Cancer and Fatigue Breast Cancer and Financial Stress Breast Cancer and Intimate Partner Support Breast Cancer and Sexual Functioning Breast Cancer and Spirituality Breast Cancer Femininity and Sexuality Breast Cancer Patients, Surgery, and Quality of Life Synonyms Definition Description QOL After Surgical Treatment HRQOL and HS After Surgical Treatment Breast Reconstruction and (HR)QOL/HS Other Factors That Affect (HR)QOL/HS Conclusion Cross-References References Breast Carcinoma Breast Carcinoma/Breast Neoplasm Breast-Conserving Therapy/Lumpectomy Breathlessness BR-I Bribe Payers Index (BPI) Bribery Brief Derogatis Psychiatric Rating Scale (BDPRS) Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) BR-II British Columbia Brundtland Commission (World Commission on Environment and Development) Address Brief History Activities/Major Accomplishments/Contributions Cross-References References Brunswikian Model Building Adaptive Capacity Building Organizational Capacity with Community Collaboratives Definition Description Discussion Cross-References References Built Environment Synonyms Definition Description Visual Quality in the Built Environment Order, Complexity, and Chaos in the Built Environment Points for Consideration Cross-References References Built Form Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa and Caregivers Bullying Definition Description Cross-References References Burden of Illness Burden to Others Bureaucratic Politics Burnout Synonyms Definition What Is Burnout? Description Background Measurement of Burnout Causes of Burnout Workload Control Reward Community Fairness Values Consequences of Burnout Cross-References References Burnout Scale Burnout Syndrome Business Ethics Synonyms Definition Description References Business for Social Responsibility Definition Description Cross-References References Business Regulation Measure Business Well-Being Definition Description Authentic Leadership Effective People Management Positive Emotional Relationships Work Engagement Conclusion Cross-References References C CAIT Calgary, Sustainable Definition Description Cross-References References Calibrated Development Indexes Synonyms Definition Description Calibration Reliability Validity Discussion Cross-References References Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale (CAMSIS) Campaigns and Activists Campbell, Angus Birth, Education, Work History, and Main Contributions References Canada Canada, Quality of Life Canada: Social Cohesion Definition Description Introduction Multidimensional Aspect of Social Cohesion Multilevel Aspect of Social Cohesion Specific Indicators of Social Cohesion in Canada Economic Domain Em