دانشنامهٔ تشدید مغناطیسی هسته‌ای

Cover......Page 1 COSY Spectra-Quantitative Analysis......Page 2 Quantitative Measurements......Page 10 Adsorbed Species -Spectroscopy and Dynamics......Page 20 Bronsted Acidity of Solids......Page 26 Chemical Exchange on Solid Metal Surfaces......Page 32 Cokes......Page 37 Diffusion in Porous Media......Page 43 Microporous Materials and Xenon-129 NMR......Page 51 Molecular Sieves- Crystalline Systems......Page 58 Reactions in Zeolites......Page 75 Silica Surfaces- Characterization......Page 82 Supported Metal Catalysts......Page 98 Vanadium Catalysts- Solid State NMR......Page 111 Chemical Exchange Effects on Spectra......Page 124 Chemical Exchange on Solid Metal Surfaces......Page 134 Dynamic NMR in Liquid Crystalline Solvents......Page 139 Dynamics in Solid Organic Compounds-Intramolecular Motions......Page 154 Dynamics of Hydrogen Transfer in Liquids and Solids......Page 163 Fluxional Motion......Page 175 Gas Phase Studies of Chemical Exchange Processes......Page 187 Kinetics at High Pressure......Page 193 Magnetic Equivalence......Page 202 Molten Salts......Page 213 Relaxation Effects of Chemical Exchange......Page 217 Reorientation in Crystalline Solids- Propeller-Like R3M Species......Page 228 Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Soft Polymers by Solid State NMR and Field Gradient NMR......Page 234 Two-Dimensional Methods of Monitoring Exchange......Page 252 Electrolytes......Page 260 Electrophoretic NMR......Page 268 Agriculture and Soils......Page 278 Coal Structure from Solid State NMR......Page 283 Fossil Fuels......Page 293 Aluminum-27 NMR of Solutions......Page 311 Boron NMR......Page 320 Ceramics......Page 334 Chiral Discrimination Using Chiral Ordering Agents......Page 338 Diamond Thin Films......Page 347 Diffusion in Solids......Page 354 Fluorine-19 NMR......Page 370 Germanium, Tin, and Lead NMR......Page 379 Hydrogen Molecules......Page 388 Hydrogen–Metal Systems......Page 397 Inorganic Chemistry Applications......Page 407 Inorganic Nuclei -Low Sensitivity Transition Metals......Page 418 Inorganic Solids......Page 428 Intercalation Compounds......Page 439 Lithium NMR......Page 448 Metallodrugs......Page 469 Microporous Materials and Xenon-129 NMR......Page 484 Molecular Sieves- Crystalline Systems......Page 491 Nitrogen NMR......Page 508 Noble Gas Elements......Page 538 Oxygen-17 NMR......Page 549 Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena in Solids......Page 560 Phosphorus-31 NMR......Page 569 Polymorphism and Related Phenomena......Page 576 Quadrupolar Nuclei in Solids......Page 582 Quadrupolar Transition Metal and Lanthanide Nuclei......Page 603 Reactions in Zeolites......Page 614 Silica Surfaces- Characterization......Page 621 Silicon-29 NMR of Solid Silicates......Page 637 Silicon-29 NMR......Page 647 Sodium-23 NMR......Page 659 Steady-State Techniques for Low Sensitivity and Slowly Relaxing Nuclei......Page 666 Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium NMR......Page 674 Thallium NMR......Page 688 Tritium NMR......Page 696 Vanadium Catalysts- Solid State NMR......Page 708 Adsorbed Species -Spectroscopy and Dynamics......Page 721 Amphiphilic Liquid Crystalline Samples -Nuclear Spin Relaxation......Page 727 Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange (CODEX)-Efficient NMR Analysis of Slow Motions in Solids......Page 735 Deuteron Relaxation Rates in Liquid Crystalline Samples- Experimental Methods......Page 745 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Deuterium NMR......Page 756 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Relaxation Mechanisms......Page 765 Relaxation of Quadrupolar Nuclei Measured via Multiple Quantum Filtration......Page 771 Supercritical Fluids......Page 778 Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins: Chemical Shifts......Page 789 Bacteriorhodopsin and Rhodopsin......Page 794 Biological Macromolecules......Page 804 Calmodulin......Page 825 Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates......Page 832 Cobalt(II)- and Nickel(II)-Substituted Proteins......Page 863 Copper Proteins......Page 871 Natural Products......Page 878 Nitrogen-15 Chemical Shift Tensors and Organic Structure......Page 887 Oxygen-17 NMR- Applications in Biochemistry......Page 895 Structural Analysis Enhancements for Natural Products......Page 898 Vitamin B12......Page 907 Accuracy Limitations on Internuclear Distances Measured by REDOR......Page 912 Chemical Shift Tensors in Single Crystals......Page 921 Geometric Phases......Page 929 Homonuclear Recoupling Schemes in MAS NMR......Page 934 Multiple Quantum Coherences in Extended Dipolar Coupled Spin Networks......Page 939 Polymorphism and Related Phenomena......Page 949 REDOR and TEDOR......Page 955 Three-dimensional Molecular Structures in Uniformly Labelled Solids Determined Using Rotational Resonance in the Tilted Rotating Frame......Page 962 Carbanion Chemistry......Page 973 Carbon-13 Relaxation Measurements -Organic Chemistry Applications......Page 990 Carbon-13 Studies of Deuterium Labeled Compounds......Page 1000 Combinatorial Chemistry......Page 1005 Coupling Through Space in Organic Chemistry......Page 1011 Dynamics in Solid Organic Compounds-Intramolecular Motions......Page 1021 Fluorine-19 NMR of Solids Containing Both Fluorine and Hydrogen......Page 1030 Fluorine-19 NMR......Page 1050 Fullerenes and Related Molecules as Studied by Solid State NMR......Page 1059 Heterocycles......Page 1067 Hydrogen Bonding......Page 1073 Inclusion Compounds......Page 1079 Indirect Coupling Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry......Page 1092 Intercalation Compounds......Page 1105 Isotope Effects in Carbocation Chemistry......Page 1114 Nitrogen NMR......Page 1119 Nitrogen-15 Chemical Shift Tensors and Organic Structure......Page 1149 Organic Chemistry Applications......Page 1157 Oxygen-17 NMR......Page 1172 Phosphorus-31 NMR......Page 1183 Polymorphism and Related Phenomena......Page 1190 Spectral Editing Techniques- Hydrocarbon Solids......Page 1196 Stereochemistry and Long Range Coupling Constants......Page 1203 Supramolecular Chemistry......Page 1213 Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin......Page 1224 Tritium NMR......Page 1231 Vicinal 1H,1H Coupling Constants in Cyclic π-Systems......Page 1243 Amorphous Materials......Page 1246 Amorphous Silicon Alloys......Page 1270 Colloidal Systems......Page 1281 Ceramics......Page 1288 Ceramics Imaging......Page 1292 Agriculture and Soils......Page 1297 Coal Structure from Solid State NMR......Page 1302 Fossil Fuels......Page 1312 Geological Applications......Page 1330 Oil Reservoir Rocks Examined by MRI......Page 1339 Terrestrial Magnetic Field NMR......Page 1351 Well Logging......Page 1357 Ferroelectrics and Proton Glasses......Page 1367 Oxygen-17 NMR......Page 1381 Polymer Conformations in Glassy Solutions as Studied by Off-resonance Radiation......Page 1392 Quadrupolar Nuclei in Glasses......Page 1401 Amphiphilic Liquid- Crystalline Samples Nuclear Spin Relaxation......Page 1412 Anisotropy of Shielding and Coupling in Liquid Crystalline Solutions......Page 1420 Deuteron Relaxation Rates in Liquid Crystalline Samples- Experimental Methods......Page 1430 Dynamic NMR in Liquid Crystalline Solvents......Page 1441 Liquid Crystalline Samples Carbon-13 NMR......Page 1456 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Application to Macromolecular Structure Determination......Page 1464 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Chiral Smectic Phases......Page 1476 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Deuterium NMR......Page 1484 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Diffusion......Page 1493 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Relaxation Mechanisms......Page 1502 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Spectral Analysis......Page 1508 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Structure of Nonrigid Molecules......Page 1515 Liquid Crystals- General Considerations......Page 1522 Liquid Crystals- Mixed Magnetic Susceptibility Solvents......Page 1535 Local Field Experiments in Liquid Crystals......Page 1541 Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Samples......Page 1548 Micellar Solutions and Microemulsions......Page 1556 Multiple Quantum Spectroscopy in Liquid Crystalline Solvents......Page 1568 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals......Page 1577 Spinning Liquid Crystalline Samples......Page 1583 Structure of Rigid Molecules Dissolved in Liquid Crystalline Solvents......Page 1591 Two-Dimensional NMR of Molecules Oriented in Liquid Crystalline Phases......Page 1603 Chemical Exchange on Solid Metal Surfaces......Page 1613 Micellar Solutions and Microemulsions......Page 1618 Conducting Polymers......Page 1630 Coupled Spin Relaxation in Polymers......Page 1635 Polymer Blends- Miscibility Studies......Page 1642 Polymer Conformations in Glassy Solutions as Studied by Off-resonance Radiation......Page 1651 Polymer Dynamics and Order from Multidimensional Solid State NMR......Page 1660 Polymer Physics......Page 1675 Polymer Reactions......Page 1689 Polymerization and Statistical Models......Page 1697 Polymers- Regio-Irregular Structure......Page 1706 Polymers- Relaxation and Dynamics of Synthetic Polymers in Solution......Page 1712 Polymers Under Mechanical Tension......Page 1719 Polysaccharide Solid State NMR......Page 1730 Polysaccharides and Complex Oligosaccharides......Page 1736 Solid Biopolymers......Page 1742 Solid Polymers- Shielding and Electronic States......Page 1752 Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Soft Polymers by Solid State NMR and Field Gradient NMR......Page 1759 Incommensurate Systems......Page 1777 Quasicrystalline Compounds- Metallic Glasses......Page 1789 Ferroelectrics and Proton Glasses......Page 1797 Nuclear Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism......Page 1811 Fast Ion Conductors......Page 1818 Hydrogen–Metal Systems......Page 1824 Knight Shift......Page 1834 Metallic Superconductors......Page 1841 Metals- Pure and Alloyed......Page 1851 Geometric Phases......Page 1859 Molten Salts......Page 1864 Nuclear Spin Superradiance......Page 1868 Ortho –Para Hydrogen at Low Temperature......Page 1883 Optically Pumped NMR of Semiconductors and Two-Dimensional Electron Systems......Page 1889 Quantum Tunneling Spectroscopy......Page 1897 Ruby NMR Laser......Page 1901 Liquid-state Quantum Computing......Page 1908 Quantum Exchange......Page 1918 Quantum Tunneling Spectroscopy......Page 1927 High Temperature Superconductors......Page 1931 Metallic Superconductors......Page 1943 Adsorbed Species -Spectroscopy and Dynamics......Page 1953 Chemical Exchange on Solid Metal Surfaces......Page 1959 Diamond Thin Films......Page 1964 Hydrogen–Metal Systems......Page 1971 Silica Surfaces- Characterization......Page 1981 Structure and Dynamics of Proteins Adsorbed at Biomaterial Interfaces......Page 1997 Accuracy Limitations on Internuclear Distances Measured by REDOR......Page 2008 Bacteriorhodopsin and Rhodopsin......Page 2017 Biological Systems Spin-3-2 Nuclei......Page 2027 Double-quantum Filtered NMR of Ordered Biological Tissues......Page 2039 Filamentous Bacteriophage Coat Protein......Page 2050 Glycolipids......Page 2055 Gramicidin Channels-Orientational Constraints for Defining High-Resolution Structures......Page 2063 Lipid Polymorphism......Page 2067 Membrane Proteins......Page 2073 Multiple-Resonance Multi-Dimensional Solid-State NMR of Proteins......Page 2082 Phospholipid–Cholesterol Bilayers......Page 2091 Polysaccharide Solid State NMR......Page 2098 Proton Chemical Shift Measurements in Biological Solids......Page 2104 Rotational Resonance in Biology......Page 2109 Solid Biopolymers......Page 2114 Structure and Dynamics of Proteins Adsorbed at Biomaterial Interfaces......Page 2124 Structure Determination of Solid Proteins Using MAS and Isotopic Enrichment......Page 2135 Structures of Larger Proteins, Protein–Ligand,and Protein–DNA Complexes by Multidimensional Heteronuclear NMR......Page 2143 Calmodulin......Page 2164 Chemical Exchange Effects in Biological Macromolecules......Page 2171 Diffusion-Based Studies of Aggregation, Binding and Conformation of Biomolecules Theory and Practice......Page 2181 Dynamics of Water in Biological Systems-Inferences from Relaxometry......Page 2192 Hydrogen Exchange and Macromolecular Dynamics......Page 2203 Oxygen-17 NMR- Applications in Biochemistry......Page 2209 Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor......Page 2212 Phage Lysozyme- Dynamics and Folding Pathway......Page 2220 Protein Dynamics from NMR Relaxation......Page 2225 Relaxation Effects Involving Cross Correlation in Biomolecules......Page 2231 Selective Relaxation Techniques in Biological NMR......Page 2241 Slow and Ultraslow Motions in Biology......Page 2251 Structure and Dynamics of Disordered Proteins......Page 2260 Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins Chemical Shifts......Page 2269 Bilayer Membranes Deuterium and Carbon-13 NMR......Page 2274 Bilayer Membranes Proton and Fluorine-19 NMR......Page 2289 Chemical Exchange Effects in Biological Macromolecules......Page 2299 Membranes- Carbon-13 NMR......Page 2309 Membranes- Deuterium NMR......Page 2315 Membranes- Phosphorus-31 NMR......Page 2322 Nucleic Acid Flexibility and Dynamics- Deuterium NMR......Page 2329 Phospholipid–Cholesterol Bilayers......Page 2335 Protein Dynamics from Solid State NMR......Page 2342 Selective Relaxation Techniques in Biological NMR......Page 2347 Slow and Ultraslow Motions in Biology......Page 2357 Bacterial Chemotaxis Proteins Fluorine-19 NMR......Page 2366 Biological Macromolecules......Page 2373 Biological Macromolecules-Structure Determination in Solution......Page 2394 Cadmium-113 NMR- A Surrogate Probe for Zinc and Calcium in Proteins......Page 2402 Calcium-Binding Proteins......Page 2409 Calmodulin......Page 2417 Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates......Page 2424 Carbon and Nitrogen Chemical Shifts of Solid State Enzymes......Page 2455 Carbonic Anhydrase......Page 2466 Cell Suspensions......Page 2470 DNA Triplexes,Quadruplexes, and Aptamers......Page 2482 DNA-A-, B-, and Z-......Page 2488 DNA–Cation Interactions-Quadrupolar Studies......Page 2495 Drug–Nucleic Acid Interactions......Page 2504 Half-Filter Experiments-Proton–Carbon-13......Page 2514 Haptens and Antibodies......Page 2519 Homonuclear Three-Dimensional NMR of Biomolecules......Page 2526 Lipoproteins......Page 2541 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Application to Macromolecular Structure Determination......Page 2550 Membrane Lipids of Acholeplasma laidlawii......Page 2562 Membrane Proteins......Page 2568 Metallothioneins......Page 2577 Molecular Motions- T1 Frequency Dispersion in Biological Systems......Page 2584 Muscle Proteins......Page 2590 Nucleic Acid Structures in Solution- Sequence Dependence......Page 2602 Nucleic Acids- Base Stacking and Base Pairing Interactions......Page 2614 Nucleic Acids- Phosphorus-31 NMR......Page 2618 Nucleic Acids- Spectra, Structures, and Dynamics......Page 2625 Oxygen-18 in Biological NMR......Page 2639 Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor......Page 2644 Peptide and Protein Secondary Structural Elements......Page 2652 Peptide Hormones......Page 2661 Peptides and Polypeptides......Page 2667 Polysaccharides and Complex Oligosaccharides......Page 2678 Protein Hydration......Page 2684 Protein Modules......Page 2689 Proteins and Protein Fragments- Folding......Page 2695 Ribosomal RNA......Page 2705 RNA Structure and Function- Modified Nucleosides......Page 2710 Saccharide-Protein Interactions......Page 2717 SH2 Domain Structures......Page 2725 Sonicated Membrane Vesicles......Page 2731 Structures of Larger Proteins, Protein–Ligand,and Protein–DNA Complexes by Multidimensional Heteronuclear NMR......Page 2738 Synthetic Peptides......Page 2759 Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin......Page 2768 Transverse Relaxation-optimized NMR Spectroscopy with Biomacromolecular Structures in Solution......Page 2775 Biosynthesis and Metabolic Pathways Carbon-13 and Nitrogen-15 NMR......Page 2784 Biosynthesis and Metabolic Pathways Deuterium NMR......Page 2789 Biological Macromolecules- NMR Parameters......Page 2793 Chemical Shifts in Biochemical Systems......Page 2805 Nucleic Acids- Chemical Shifts......Page 2812 Oxygen-17 NMR- Applications in Biochemistry......Page 2816 Vicinal Coupling Constants and Conformation of Biomolecules......Page 2819 Protein Structures- Relaxation Matrix Refinement......Page 2833 Relaxation Matrix Refinement of Nucleic Acids......Page 2844 D-Lactate Dehydrogenase......Page 2850 Enzymatic Transformations Isotope Probes......Page 2857 Enzyme-Catalyzed Exchange Magnetization Transfer Measurements......Page 2865 Motional Effects on Protein Structure- Acyl Carriers......Page 2872 Proteases......Page 2876 Time-Resolved Solid State NMR of Enzyme–Substrate Interactions......Page 2884 Dietary Changes Studied by MRS......Page 2891 Foods and Grains Studied by MRS and MRI......Page 2897 Cobalt(II)- and Nickel(II)-Substituted Proteins......Page 2900 Copper Proteins......Page 2908 Distance Geometry......Page 2915 Enzymes Utilizing ATP-Kinases, ATPases and Polymerases......Page 2925 Heme Peroxidases......Page 2934 Hemoglobin......Page 2941 Iron–Sulfur Proteins......Page 2951 Metallodrugs......Page 2956 Mitochondrial Cytochrome c......Page 2971 Myoglobin......Page 2975 Nonheme Iron Proteins......Page 2979 Transferrins......Page 2992 Zinc Fingers......Page 3001 Tritium NMR in Biology......Page 3010 Water Signal Suppression in NMR of Biomolecules......Page 3019 Plant Physiology......Page 3031 Wood and Wood Chars......Page 3037 Anisotropically Restricted Diffusion in MRI......Page 3042 Brain Parenchyma Motion Observed by MRI......Page 3047 Diffusion and Perfusion in MRI......Page 3056 Diffusion- Clinical Utility of MRI Studies......Page 3068 Methods and Applications of Diffusion MRI......Page 3078 Brain MRS of Human Subjects......Page 3097 Brain- Sensory Activation Monitored by Induced Hemodynamic Changes with Echo Planar MRI......Page 3105 Fluorine-19 MRS -General Overview and Anesthesia......Page 3110 Functional MRI at High Fields-Practice and Utility......Page 3122 Functional MRI -Theory and Practice......Page 3142 Functional Neuroimaging Artifacts......Page 3149 Hemodynamic Changes Owing to Sensory Activation of the Brain Monitored by Echo-Plana Imaging......Page 3158 Postoperative Trauma Observed by MRI......Page 3164 Abdominal MRA......Page 3167 Assessment of Regional Blood Flow and Volume by Kinetic Analysis of Contrast-Dilution Curves......Page 3174 Cerebral Perfusion Imaging by Exogenous Contrast Agents......Page 3178 CSF Velocity Imaging......Page 3191 Head and Neck Studies Using MRA......Page 3199 Peripheral Vasculature MRA......Page 3209 Phase Contrast MRA......Page 3217 Time-of-Flight Method of MRA......Page 3232 Whole Body Magnetic Resonance Angiography......Page 3237 Blood Flow - Quantitative Measurement by MRI......Page 3249 Breast MRI......Page 3264 Cardiac Gating Practice......Page 3270 Cardiovascular NMR to Study Function......Page 3276 Coronary Artery Disease Evaluated by MRI......Page 3284 Heart -Clinical Applications of MRI......Page 3288 Lung and Mediastinum MRI......Page 3299 Marker Grids for Observing Motion in MRI......Page 3308 NMR Spectroscopy of the Human Heart......Page 3313 Brain Infection and Degenerative Disease Studied by Proton MRS......Page 3323 Brain MRS of Infants and Children......Page 3331 Central Nervous System Degenerative Disease Observed by MRI......Page 3346 Cranial Nerves Investigated by MRI......Page 3352 Degenerative Disk Disease Studied by MRI......Page 3379 Eye, Orbit, Ear, Nose, and Throat Studies Using MRI......Page 3389 Head and Neck Investigations by MRI......Page 3402 Hemorrhage in the Brain and Neck Observed by MRI......Page 3411 Intracranial Infections......Page 3417 Ischemic Stroke......Page 3426 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of White Matter Disease......Page 3438 MRI and MRS of Neuropsychiatry......Page 3452 Pediatric Brain MRI- Applications in Neonates and Infants......Page 3461 Pituitary Gland and Parasellar Region Studied by MRI......Page 3475 Sodium-23 Magnetic Resonance of Human Subjects......Page 3483 Structural and Functional MR in Epilepsy......Page 3490 Systemically Induced Encephalopathies- Newer Clinical Applications of MRS......Page 3500 Temporomandibular Joint MRI......Page 3518 Applications of 19F-NMR to Oncology......Page 3523 Brain Neoplasms in Humans Studied by Phosphorus-31 NMR Spectroscopy......Page 3528 Brain Neoplasms Studied by MRI......Page 3536 Body Fat Metabolism-Observation by MR Imaging and Spectroscopy......Page 3541 Dietary Changes Studied by MRS......Page 3549 Hepatic and Other Systemically Induced Encephalopathies-Applications of MRS......Page 3555 In Vivo Hepatic MRS of Humans......Page 3563 Kidney, Prostate, Testicle, and Uterus of Subjects Studied by MRS......Page 3575 Liver, Pancreas, Spleen,and Kidney MRI......Page 3584 Male Pelvis Studies Using MRI......Page 3591 MRI of the Female Pelvis......Page 3600 Pediatric Body MRI......Page 3611 Tissue Behavior Measurements Using Phosphorus-31 NMR......Page 3619 Imaging and Spectroscopy of Muscle......Page 3626 Imaging of Trabecular Bone......Page 3636 MRI of Musculoskeletal Neoplasms......Page 3649 Peripheral Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 3658 Peripheral Muscle Metabolism Studied by MRS......Page 3666 Skeletal Muscle Evaluated by MRI......Page 3676 High-Field Whole Body Systems......Page 3682 Low-Field Whole Body Systems......Page 3690 Magnetic Resonance Imaging- A Historical Overview......Page 3700 MRI at Midfield Strength......Page 3711 MRI in Clinical Medicine......Page 3719 Sensitivity of Whole Body MRI Experiments......Page 3728 Whole Body MRI- Strategies Designed to Improve Patient Throughput......Page 3737 Whole Body Studies- Impact of MRS......Page 3746 Gastroscopy and Colonoscopy......Page 3756 Interventional MRI-Specialist Facilities and Techniques......Page 3764 MR-Guided Biopsy, Aspiration, and Cyst Drainage......Page 3774 MR-Guided Therapy in the Brain......Page 3784 Neurosurgical Procedures Monitored by Intraoperative MRI......Page 3793 Temperature Measurement In Vivo Using NMR......Page 3805 Therapy Monitoring by MRI......Page 3813 Thermal Therapies in the Body Monitored by MRI......Page 3819 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and High-Resolution NMR of Solids......Page 3827 Electron–Nuclear Hyperfine Interactions......Page 3837 Electron–Nuclear Interactions......Page 3842 Electron–Nuclear Multiple Resonance Spectroscopy......Page 3859 EPR and In Vivo EPR-Roles for Experimental and Clinical NMR Studies......Page 3876 In Vivo ESR Imaging of Animals......Page 3887 Accuracy Limitations on Internuclear Distances Measured by REDOR......Page 3892 Dipolar and Indirect Coupling Tensors in Solids......Page 3901 Distance Geometry......Page 3912 Magic Angle Spinning Carbon-13 Lineshapes-Effect of Nitrogen-14......Page 3922 Magic Angle Spinning-Effects of Quadrupolar Nuclei on Spin-1-2 Spectra......Page 3930 Magnetic Field Induced Alignment of Molecules......Page 3936 Multiple Quantum Coherence in Spin-1-2 Dipolar Coupled Solids......Page 3942 Multiple Quantum Coherences in Extended Dipolar Coupled Spin Networks......Page 3953 Multiple Quantum NMR in Solids......Page 3963 Multiple-quantum Magic-angle Spinning Experiments on Half-integer Nuclei-Fundamentals......Page 3973 REDOR and TEDOR......Page 3986 Spin Diffusion in Solids......Page 3993 Three-dimensional Molecular Structures in Uniformly Labelled Solids Determined Using Rotational Resonance in the Tilted Rotating Frame......Page 4000 Anisotropy of Shielding and Coupling in Liquid Crystalline Solutions......Page 4011 Coupling Through Space in Organic Chemistry......Page 4021 Dipolar and Indirect Coupling Tensors in Solids......Page 4031 Indirect Coupling Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry......Page 4042 Indirect Coupling-Intermolecular and Solvent Effects......Page 4055 Indirect Coupling-Semiempirical Calculations......Page 4059 Indirect Nuclear Spin–Spin Coupling Tensors......Page 4064 Isotope Effects on Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants......Page 4073 Quantum Exchange......Page 4090 Relativistic Computation of NMR Shieldings and Spin–Spin Coupling Constants......Page 4099 Relaxation of Transverse Magnetization for Coupled Spins......Page 4117 Relaxation Processes in Coupled-Spin Systems......Page 4123 Stereochemistry and Long Range Coupling Constants......Page 4143 Through-Bond Experiments in Solids......Page 4153 Vicinal 1H,1H Coupling Constants in Cyclic π-Systems......Page 4169 Vicinal Coupling Constants and Conformation of Biomolecules......Page 4172 Cryogenic NMR Probes-Applications......Page 4186 Field Gradients and Their Application......Page 4189 Instrumentation for the Home Builder......Page 4205 Microprobes and Methodologies for Spectral Assignments- Applications......Page 4212 Probe Design and Construction......Page 4226 Probes for High Resolution......Page 4236 Probes for Special Purposes......Page 4242 Rapid Scan Correlation Spectroscopy......Page 4246 Sensitivity of the NMR Experiment......Page 4252 Shimming of Superconducting Magnets......Page 4263 Solid State Probe Design......Page 4280 Spectrometers- A General Overview......Page 4291 SQUIDs......Page 4305 Knight Shift......Page 4309 Metals- Pure and Alloyed......Page 4316 Paramagnetic Relaxation in Solution......Page 4324 Quasicrystalline Compounds- Metallic Glasses......Page 4331 High Speed MAS of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei in Solids......Page 4339 Magic Angle Spinning Carbon-13 Lineshapes-Effect of Nitrogen-14......Page 4348 Magic Angle Spinning-Effects of Quadrupolar Nuclei on Spin-1-2 Spectra......Page 4356 Magnetic Field Induced Alignment of Molecules......Page 4362 MQMAS Advances......Page 4368 Nutation Spectroscopy of Quadrupolar Nuclei......Page 4394 Overtone Spectroscopy of Quadrupolar Nuclei......Page 4399 Quadrupolar Interactions......Page 4404 Quadrupolar Nuclei in Glasses......Page 4414 Quadrupolar Nuclei in Liquid Samples......Page 4425 Relaxation Theory for Quadrupolar Nuclei......Page 4436 Satellite Transition NMR Spectroscopy of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei under Magic-Angle Spinning......Page 4445 Concentrated Solution Effects......Page 4455 Dipolar Field and Radiation Damping-Collective Effects in Liquid-state NMR......Page 4462 Brownian Motion and Correlation Times......Page 4499 Liouville Equation of Motion......Page 4516 Nuclear Overhauser Effect......Page 4530 Relaxation- An Introduction......Page 4542 Relaxation Effects Involving Cross Correlation in Biomolecules......Page 4557 Relaxation Effects of Chemical Exchange......Page 4567 Relaxation Mechanisms-Magnetization Modes......Page 4578 Relaxation of Coupled Spins from Rotational Diffusion......Page 4586 Relaxation of Quadrupolar Nuclei Measured via Multiple Quantum Filtration......Page 4602 Relaxation of Transverse Magnetization for Coupled Spins......Page 4609 Relaxation Processes- Cross Correlation and Interference Terms......Page 4615 Relaxation Processes in Coupled-Spin Systems......Page 4622 Relaxation Theory -Density Matrix Formulation......Page 4642 Relaxation Theory for Quadrupolar Nuclei......Page 4650 Rotating Frame Spin–Lattice Relaxation Off-Resonance......Page 4659 Spin–Rotation Relaxation Theory......Page 4667 Ultraslow Motions in Solids......Page 4672 Accurate Determination of Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants and other NMR Parameters in Liquids from the Combination of Molecular Dynamics Simulations and ab initio Calculations......Page 4680 Anisotropy of Shielding and Coupling in Liquid Crystalline Solutions......Page 4692 Chemical Shift Scales on an Absolute Basis......Page 4702 Chemical Shift Tensor Measurement in Solids......Page 4711 Chemical Shift Tensors in Single Crystals......Page 4727 Chemical Shift Tensors......Page 4735 Chemical Shifts in Biochemical Systems......Page 4760 Electric Field Effects on Shielding Constants......Page 4767 Isotope Effects on Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants......Page 4778 Magnetic Susceptibility and High Resolution NMR of Liquids and Solids......Page 4795 Nitrogen-15 Chemical Shift Tensors and Organic Structure......Page 4804 Nucleic Acids- Chemical Shifts......Page 4812 Relativistic Computation of NMR Shieldings and Spin–Spin Coupling Constants......Page 4816 Semiempirical Chemical Shift Calculations......Page 4834 Shielding Calculations- IGLO Method......Page 4844 Shielding Calculations- LORG and SOLO Approaches......Page 4852 Shielding Calculations- Perturbation Methods......Page 4860 Shielding Calculations......Page 4868 Shielding in Small Molecules......Page 4878 Shielding- Overview of Theoretical Methods......Page 4887 Shielding Tensor Calculations......Page 4898 Shielding Theory- GIAO Method......Page 4905 Solid Polymers- Shielding and Electronic States......Page 4911 Analysis of High-Resolution Solution State Spectra......Page 4918 Analysis of Spectra-Automatic Methods......Page 4937 Carbon-13 Spectral Simulation......Page 4943 Chemical Shift Scales on an Absolute Basis......Page 4954 Computer Assisted Structure Elucidation......Page 4963 Data Processing......Page 4969 Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY)......Page 4980 Fourier Transform and Linear Prediction Methods......Page 4989 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy......Page 4997 Heteronuclear Assignment Techniques......Page 5008 Liouville Equation of Motion......Page 5017 Liquid Crystalline Samples-Spectral Analysis......Page 5031 Magic Angle Spinning Carbon-13 Lineshapes-Effect of Nitrogen-14......Page 5038 Magic Angle Spinning-Effects of Quadrupolar Nuclei on Spin-1-2 Spectra......Page 5046 Magnetic Equivalence......Page 5052 Maximum Entropy Reconstruction......Page 5063 Microprobes and Methodologies for Spectral Assignments- Applications......Page 5072 Multiple Quantum Spectroscopy in Liquid Crystalline Solvents......Page 5086 Proton Chemical Shift Measurements in Biological Solids......Page 5095 Reference Deconvolution......Page 5100 Sideband Analysis in Magic Angle Spinning NMR of Solids......Page 5107 Spectral Editing Techniques- Hydrocarbon Solids......Page 5115 Spinning Sideband Analysis for Spin-1-2 Nuclei......Page 5122 Average Hamiltonian Theory......Page 5132 Cross Polarization in Rotating Solids- Spin-1,2 Nuclei......Page 5139 Cross Polarization in Solids......Page 514