دانشنامه سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی، جلد ۳

The Encyclopedia of Information Systems provides essential answers to questions increasingly asked by people in all walks of life. People can no longer claim that information about computer viruses, for example, is unimportant to their work, or that advances in speech recognition and encryption will leave them unaffected. The Encyclopedia is therefore more useful than one might suspect to people well beyond the walls of information systems departments. Offering both general and technical information about major elements, issues, opinions, and key studies, as well as cross-references to related subjects, it captures the dynamic growth and complexity unique to our era. Key Features * Offers the only major encyclopedic examination of information systems; there are no competitors * Articles begin with easily understandable concepts and become increasingly sophisticated, satisfying the needs of all readers * Articles emphasize information that will not quickly go out of date * Each article contains an average of 8 graphs and 8 tables illustrating its important points * Contains approximately 220 separate articles, all original contributions commissioned for this work * Includes approximately 700 figures and tables within the text; more than 2,000 glossary entries explain key terms, "further reading" lists appear at the end of each entry, and an extensive cross-referencing system links related articles "The Encyclopedia of Information Systems provides essential answers to questions increasingly asked by people in all walks of life. People can no longer claim that information about computer viruses, for example, is unimportant to their work, or that advances in speech recognition and encryption will leave them unaffected. The Encyclopedia is therefore more useful than one might suspect to people well beyond the walls of information systems departments. Offering both general and technical information about major elements, issues, opinions, and key studies, as well as cross-references to related subjects, it captures the dynamic growth and complexity unique to our era. Key Features * Offers the only major encyclopedic examination of information systems; there are no competitors * Articles begin with easily understandable concepts and become increasingly sophisticated, satisfying the needs of all readers * Articles emphasize information that will not quickly go out of date * Each article contains an average of 8 graphs and 8 tables illustrating its important points * Contains approximately 220 separate articles, all original contributions commissioned for this work * Includes approximately 700 figures and tables within the text; more than 2,000 glossary entries explain key terms, "further reading" lists appear at the end of each entry, and an extensive cross-referencing system links related "--Provided by publisher 0001......Page 1 0013......Page 13 0033......Page 32 0043......Page 41 0055......Page 53 0077......Page 75 0091......Page 89 0103......Page 101 0115......Page 113 0129......Page 127 0137......Page 134 0153......Page 149 0165......Page 160 0181......Page 175 0193......Page 186 0203......Page 195 0213......Page 204 0225......Page 216 0239......Page 229 0267......Page 256 0279......Page 267 0303......Page 290 0317......Page 303 0335......Page 320 0347......Page 331 0363......Page 346 0377......Page 360 0391......Page 374 0403......Page 386 0413......Page 395 0427......Page 409 0439......Page 420 0459......Page 439 0481......Page 460 0495......Page 473 0505......Page 483 0517......Page 495 0529......Page 507 0545......Page 522 0553......Page 530 0565......Page 542 0575......Page 551 0589......Page 565 0601......Page 576 0607......Page 582 0631......Page 605 0647......Page 621 0661......Page 634 0681......Page 654 0693......Page 665 0707......Page 678 0723......Page 694 Major subject areas covered: Applications, artificial intelligence, data communications, the Internet and electronic commerce, database design and utilization, hardware and software, management support systems, office automation and end user computing, social, legal, organizational and international issues, systems analysis and design, theories, methodologies, and foundations