Encyclopedia of football medicine Volume 2: Injury Diagnosis and Treatment

The second volume of the Encyclopaedia of Football Medicine, entitled Injury Diagnosis and Treatment, regroups the most common football injuries while explaining their diagnosis and specific treatments. The content of this second volume was initially developed as the course manual of the second workshop of the UEFA Football Doctor Education Programme, which took place in Amsterdam in 2013. This book explores a variety of treatment methods for each injury, which is highly important for orthopaedics working in the field of football medicine.Football is the most popular sport in the world, with more than 270 million people playing the game. However, injuries in football remain a major issue, especially given how much is at stake in the game. Awareness of injuries has increased over the years, and both UEFA and FIFA are concerned about the risk of injury and injury patterns in football, especially when it comes to the increasing numbers of hamstring injuries. It was therefore essential for UEFA to develop this volume and the workshop to instruct football doctors on injury prevention and the good handling of them. Encyclopedia of Football Medicine: Volume 2: Injury Diagnosis and Treatment Title Page Copyright Contents Foreword Preface 1 Overview of Football Injuries 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Value of Statistics to the Team and the Team Doctor 1.3 What Is the Risk of Sustaining an Injury? 1.4 What Does This Reveal about Injury Risk at Different Levels of the Game? 1.5 Has the Risk of Injury Increased or Decreased in Recent Years? 1.6 How Are Injuries Distributed over the Football Season? 1.7 When Do Injuries Most Commonly Occur during Matches? 1.8 Which Types of Injury Are Most Common in Football? 1.9 Returning to Play after an Injury 1.10 Which Injuries Have the Highest Risk of Recurrence? 1.11 Foul-Play Injuries 1.12 Noncontact Match Injuries 1.13 Differences in Injury Risk across Europe 1.14 Injuries and Playing on Artificial Turf 1.15 Does Winning or Losing Affect Injury Risk? 2 Managing Injuries in Competitive Situations: The Laws of the Game 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Rules and Regulations 2.2.1 Law 1—The Field of Play 2.2.2 Law 2—The Ball 2.2.3 Law 4—The Players’ Equipment 2.2.4 Interpretation of Law 4 and Guidelines for Referees 2.2.5 Law 5—The Referee 2.2.6 Law 12—Fouls and Misconduct 2.3 Laws, Referees, and the Football Doctor 2.3.1 Injuries Should Only Be Assessed on the Field of Play, Being Treated Off the Field of Play 2.3.2 UEFA Medical Regulations 2.4 The Risk of Underestimating the Seriousness of Injuries during Matches 2.5 Experience of Injuries at UEFA EUROs and Youth Tournaments 2.6 Summary 3 Muscle Epidemiology and Injury Mechanisms 3.1 Epidemiology of Muscle Injuries 3.1.1 How Common Are Muscle Injuries? 3.1.2 Injury Risk during Matches 3.1.3 Muscle Injuries and Age 3.1.4 Variations in Injury Risk during Matches 3.1.5 Variations in Injury Risk over a Season 3.1.6 Developments in Injury Risk over the Last Decade 3.1.7 Artificial Turf 3.1.8 Location of Muscle Injuries in Football Players 3.1.9 Contact versus Noncontact Situations 3.1.10 Severity of Muscle Injuries and Length of Layoffs 3.1.11 Reinjuries 3.1.12 Hamstring Injuries 3.1.13 Quadriceps Injuries 3.2 Terminology and Clinical Categorization of Muscle Injuries 3.2.1 Functional Muscle Disorders 3.2.2 Structural Muscle Disorders 3.2.3 Examination Procedures 3.2.4 Most Muscle Injuries Are Not Ruptures 3.2.5 Radiological Grading Is Strongly Correlated with Layoff Times 3.2.6 What Is the Practical Benefit of This Information for Doctors? 4 Examination and Treatment of Muscle Injuries 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Considerations in the Diagnosis of Injury 4.2.1 Indirect Injuries 4.2.2 Direct Injuries 4.3 Examination of Muscle Injuries 4.3.1 Medical History/Symptoms 4.3.2 Inspection, Clinical Examination, Functional Testing, and Location of Injury 4.3.3 Palpation 4.3.4 Location of Injury 4.3.5 Lumbar Spine/Referred Pain 4.4 Imaging 4.4.1 Ultrasonography 4.4.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 4.5 Treatment of Muscle Injuries 4.5.1 Immediate Management of Muscle Injuries 4.5.2 Immobilization/Taping 4.5.3 Injection Therapy 4.5.4 Treatment of Back-Related Muscle Disorders 4.5.5 Treatment of Muscle Contusions 4.5.6 Physiotherapy 4.5.7 Rehabilitation monitoring and Return to Play 4.5.8 Surgery 4.6 Prevention of Muscle Injuries 4.7 Summary 5 Groin Injuries 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Groin Anatomy 5.3 Clinical Examination 5.3.1 Visual Inspection 5.3.2 Evaluation of Range of Motion 5.3.3 Impingement Tests 5.3.4 Muscle Strength Tests 5.3.5 Palpation 5.3.6 Local Neurological Examination 5.3.7 Other Groin-Specific Tests 5.4 Radiological Examination 5.5 Groin Strains 5.5.1 Adductor Tears 5.5.2 Iliopsoas Tears 5.5.3 Abdominal Muscle Strains 5.5.4 Other Muscle Tears in the Groin Area 5.6 Cartilage and Labrum Injuries 5.6.1 Cartilage Injuries 5.6.2 Labral Tears 5.7 Long-Standing Groin Pain 5.7.1 Adductor-Related Groin Pain 5.7.2 Iliopsoas-Related Groin Pain 5.7.3 Pubic-Related Groin Pain 5.7.4 Inguinal-Related Groin Pain 5.7.5 Hip-Related Groin Pain 5.7.6 Other Conditions Causing Groin Pain 6 Knee Injuries 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Knee Anatomy 6.3 Clinical Examination Information Relating to the Point of Injury Other Information 6.3.1 Visual Inspection 6.3.2 Evaluation of Range of Motion 6.3.3 Muscle Strength Tests 6.3.4 Palpation 6.3.5 Laxity Tests 6.3.6 Meniscus Tests 6.3.7 Patellofemoral Tests 6.3.8 Other Tests 6.4 Joint Aspiration 6.5 Radiological Examination 6.6 Knee Sprains 6.6.1 Collateral Ligament Injuries 6.6.2 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries 6.6.3 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries 6.7 Meniscus and Cartilage Injuries 6.7.1 Meniscus Injuries 6.7.2 Cartilage Injuries 6.8 Dislocations 6.8.1 Patellar Dislocation 6.9 Tendon Ruptures 6.9.1 Patellar Tendon Rupture 6.10 Overuse Syndromes 6.10.1 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 6.10.2 Tendinopathy 6.10.3 Apophysitis 6.10.4 Iliotibial Band Syndrome 6.10.5 Synovitis 6.10.6 Bursitis 7 Ankle Injuries 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Ankle Anatomy 7.3 Clinical Examination 7.3.1 Visual Inspection 7.3.2 Evaluation of Range of Motion 7.3.3 Muscle Strength Tests 7.3.4 Palpation 7.3.5 Laxity Tests 7.3.6 Other Tests 7.4 Radiological Examination 7.5 Ankle Sprains 7.5.1 Lateral Ligament Injuries 7.5.2 Medial Ligament Injuries 7.5.3 Syndesmotic Injuries 7.6 Cartilage Injuries Epidemiology and Diagnostics Treatment and Return to Play Prognosis 7.7 Tendon Ruptures 7.7.1 Achilles Tendon Rupture 7.7.2 Peroneal Tendon Rupture 7.8 Tendon Dislocations 7.8.1 Peroneal Tendon Dislocation 7.9 Overuse Syndromes 7.9.1 Tendinopathy 7.9.2 Anterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome 7.9.3 Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome 7.9.4 Synovitis 8 Overuse Injuries 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis 8.3 Clinical Examination 8.4 Radiological Examination 8.5 Treatment of Overuse Syndromes 8.5.1 Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 8.6 Stress Fractures 8.6.1 Hip and Pelvis 8.6.2 Lower Leg 8.6.3 Fifth Metatarsal 8.6.4 Other Stress Fractures of the Foot 8.7 Other Overuse Conditions Affecting the Lower Leg 8.7.1 Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome 8.7.2 Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome 8.7.3 Paratenonitis 8.7.4 Accessory Soleus Muscle 8.7.5 Peroneal Tunnel Syndrome Index Annotation Authored by renowned UEFA specialists in the medical care of football players, this three-volume series-sourced from the course materials used in UEFA's Football Doctor Education Program-aims to familiarize clinicians with a structured system of assessment and care in dealing with the wide variety of injuries that can afflict professional footballers. Volume 2 introduces football doctors to the specific types of injuries that may occur, and the mechanisms of injury, with a wealth of information supported by scientific evidence. Key Topics of Volume 2:Overview of football injuriesManaging injuries in competitive situations: the laws of the gameMuscle function and mechanisms of muscle injuryExamination and treatment of muscle injuriesGroin, knee, and ankle injuriesOveruse injuriesThe Encyclopedia of Football Medicine will be essential reading for physicians working for football teams, orthopaedists, sports medicine physicians, and specialised physical therapists "Authored by renowned UEFA medical specialists in the medical care of football players, this three-volume series-sourced from the course materials used in UEFA's Doctor Education Program-aims to familiarize clinicians with a structured system of assessment and care in dealing with the wide variety of injuries that can afflict professional footballers. Volume 1 instructs on advanced techniques for managing the treatment of serious and life-threatening on-field injury. Key Topics of Volume 1: Initial assessment, Cardiac arrest and choking, Medical emergencies, Head injuries and concussion, General management, Encyclopedia of Football Medicine will be essential reading for physicians working for football teams, orthopaedists, sports medicine physicians, and specialized physical therapists"--Provided by publisher Volume 2 Introduces Football Doctors To The Specific Types Of Injuries That May Occur, And The Mechanisms Of Injury, With A Wealth Of Information Supported By Scientific Evidence. -- Publisher Overview Of Football Injuries -- Managing Injuries In Competitive Situations: The Laws Of The Game -- Muscle Epidemiology And Injury Mechanisms -- Examination And Treatment Of Muscle Injuries -- Groin Injuries -- Knee Injuries -- Ankle Injuries -- Overuse Injuries-- Annex Jan Ekstrand [and Six Otherss]. Includes Bibliographical References At The End Of Each Chapters And Index.