Encyclopedia of Electronic Components, Volume 3: Sensors for Location, Presence, Proximity, Orientation, Oscillation, Force, Load, Human Input, Liquid and Gas Properties, Light, Heat, Sound, and Electricity

Want to know how to use an electronic component? This third book of a three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects—complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You'll learn what each one does, how it works, why it's useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you'll find fascinating details you've never come across before. Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips—whether you're refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require. Volume 3 covers components for sensing the physical world, including light, sound, heat, motion, ambient, and electrical sensors. Unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumes Incredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sources Easy to browse: parts are clearly organized by component type Authoritative: fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurate Reliable: a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturer's tutorials Instructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workarounds Comprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and sound sources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices. Copyright......Page 4 Table of Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 21 Exceptions and Conflicts......Page 22 Volume 1......Page 23 Theory and Practice......Page 24 Typographical Conventions......Page 25 Units and Backgrounds......Page 26 Us Informing You......Page 27 Safari® Books Online......Page 28 Acknowledgments......Page 29 GPS Segments......Page 31 Variants......Page 32 How to Use It......Page 33 Exceeding Maximum Velocity or Altitude......Page 34 IMU......Page 35 Magnetic Fields......Page 36 Earth’s Axes......Page 37 Hall Effect and Magnetoresistance......Page 38 Bias......Page 39 Mounting Errors......Page 40 What It Does......Page 41 Optical Detection......Page 42 Transmissive Optical Sensors......Page 43 Retroreflective Optical Sensors......Page 45 Magnetic Sensors......Page 46 Reed Switch Variants......Page 47 Hall-Effect Sensor......Page 48 Hall-Effect Sensor Variants......Page 49 How to Use a Hall-Effect Sensor......Page 50 Angular Motion......Page 51 Advantages of a Hall Effect Sensor......Page 52 Reed Switch Issues......Page 53 Applications......Page 55 Elements......Page 56 Lenses......Page 57 Variants......Page 59 Moisture Vulnerability......Page 60 Schematic Symbols......Page 61 Infrared......Page 62 Imports......Page 63 Infrared Examples......Page 64 Trends in Infrared Proximity Sensing......Page 65 Capacitive Displacement Sensor......Page 66 Sources of Error......Page 67 Deterioration of LEDs......Page 68 How It Works......Page 69 Linear Potentiometer......Page 70 Optical Linear Encoders......Page 71 Linear Variable Differential Transformers......Page 72 LED Longevity......Page 73 Applications......Page 75 Multiturn Rotary Potentiometer......Page 76 Magnetic Rotary Position Sensor......Page 77 Optical Rotary Encoders......Page 78 Optical Products......Page 79 Rotational Speed......Page 80 The Gray Code......Page 81 Magnetic Rotary Encoders......Page 82 Coding Errors......Page 83 Ambiguous Terminology......Page 84 What It Does......Page 85 How It Works......Page 86 Applications......Page 87 Pendulum Switch......Page 88 Two-Axis Tilt Sensors......Page 89 Values......Page 90 Requirement for Gravity......Page 91 Requirement for Stability......Page 92 Applications......Page 93 Vibrating Gyroscope......Page 94 IMUs......Page 96 Temperature Drift......Page 97 Placement......Page 98 IMU......Page 99 How It Works......Page 100 Rotation......Page 101 Variants......Page 102 Values......Page 103 Other Problems......Page 104 Variants......Page 105 Piezoelectric Strip......Page 106 Magnetic......Page 107 Primary Variables......Page 108 Interference......Page 109 Fatigue Failure......Page 110 Applications......Page 111 Strain Gauge......Page 112 Wheatstone Bridge Circuits......Page 113 Strain-Gauge Amplification......Page 114 Plastic-Film Force Sensors......Page 115 How to Use It......Page 116 Specifications for Film-Based Force Sensors......Page 117 Leads Too Long......Page 118 What It Does......Page 119 How It Works......Page 120 Individual Touch Pad......Page 121 Design Considerations......Page 122 Conductive Ink......Page 123 Resistive Sensing......Page 125 Capacitive Sensing......Page 126 Screens Available as Components......Page 127 Applications......Page 129 Binary-Output Float Sensor......Page 130 Incremental-Output Float Sensor......Page 131 Ultrasonic Level Sensors......Page 132 Pressure Sensing......Page 133 Tilting......Page 134 Paddlewheel Liquid Flow Rate Sensors......Page 135 Turbine Flow Rate Sensors......Page 136 Thermal Mass Liquid Flow Rate Sensor......Page 137 Magnetic Liquid Flow Sensor......Page 138 Vulnerability to Dirt and Corrosive Materials......Page 139 Applications......Page 141 Basic Sensing Elements......Page 142 Relative Measurement......Page 143 Altitude......Page 144 Gas Pressure......Page 145 Light Sensitivity......Page 146 Semiconductor Gas Sensors......Page 147 Humidity Sensors......Page 149 Relative Humidity Sensors......Page 150 Analog Humidity Sensor......Page 151 Contamination......Page 152 Soldering......Page 153 Schematic Symbol......Page 155 Anemometer......Page 156 Mass Flow Rate Sensing......Page 157 Output......Page 158 What Can Go Wrong......Page 159 Schematic Symbol......Page 161 Photoresistors in Optical Isolators......Page 162 How to Use It......Page 163 Confusion Among Components......Page 164 How It Works......Page 165 Packages......Page 166 Specific Variants......Page 167 Values......Page 168 How to Use It......Page 169 What Can Go Wrong......Page 170 Schematic Symbols......Page 171 PhotoFET......Page 172 Behavior Compared to Other Light Sensors......Page 173 How to Use It......Page 174 Output Out of Range......Page 175 Schematic Symbols......Page 177 How an NTC Thermistor Works......Page 178 Choosing a Series Resistor......Page 179 Inrush Current Limiter......Page 180 Restart......Page 181 Thermal Time Constant......Page 182 Addendum: Comparison of Temperature Sensors......Page 183 Resistance Temperature Detector......Page 184 Semiconductor Temperature Sensor......Page 185 Schematic Symbols......Page 187 Silistor for Temperature Measurement......Page 188 Over-Temperature Protection......Page 189 Over-Current Protection......Page 190 PTC Inrush Current Limiting......Page 191 PTC Thermistor as a Heating Element......Page 192 Heating Other Components......Page 193 What It Does......Page 195 Thermocouple Applications......Page 196 How a Thermocouple Works......Page 197 How to Use It......Page 198 Seebeck Coefficients......Page 199 Chips for Output Conversion......Page 200 Using the Wrong Type......Page 201 Heat Damage from Creating a Thermocouple......Page 202 RTD Attributes......Page 203 How It Works......Page 204 Wiring......Page 205 Incompatible Sensing Element......Page 206 What It Does......Page 207 Attributes......Page 208 Multiple Transistors......Page 209 Variants......Page 210 Analog Voltage Output......Page 211 Analog Current Output......Page 212 Digital Output......Page 213 Interference in Cable Runs......Page 215 Processing Time......Page 216 What It Does......Page 217 How It Works......Page 218 Thermopile......Page 219 Variants......Page 220 Temperature Range......Page 221 Thermal Gradients......Page 222 Schematic Symbol......Page 223 Condenser Microphone......Page 224 MEMS Microphone......Page 225 Sensitivity......Page 226 Frequency Response......Page 227 Noisy Power Supply......Page 228 Ammeter......Page 229 Series Resistor......Page 230 Current-Sense Resistors......Page 231 Hall-Effect Current Sensing......Page 232 Current Out of Range......Page 233 Volt Meter......Page 235 How It Works......Page 236 Bar Graph......Page 237 Voltage Relative to Ground......Page 238 Appendix A. Sensor Output......Page 239 1. Analog: Voltage......Page 240 2. Analog: Resistance......Page 241 3. Analog: Open Collector......Page 242 6. Binary: PWM......Page 243 8. Digital: I2C......Page 244 9. Digital: SPI......Page 245 Glossary......Page 247 Index......Page 251 About the Authors......Page 258 Want to know how to use an electronic component? This three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects -- complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You'll learn what each one does, how it works, why it's useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you'll find fascinating details you've never come across before. Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips -- whether you're refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require. This set is unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumes. This set is incredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sources. This set is instructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workarounds. The Encyclopedia of Electronic Components is comprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and sound sources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices. - Publisher Want to know how to use an electronic component? This three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects -- complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You'll learn what each one does, how it works, why it's useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you'll find fascinating details you've never come across before. Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips -- whether you're refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require. This set is unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumes. This set is incredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sources. This set is instructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workarounds. The Encyclopedia of Electronic Components is comprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and soundsources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices. - Éditeur