Encyclopedia of Drugs And Alcohol (Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior)

A follow-up to the 2001 award-winning second edition, the Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior, 3rd edition, will update and expand upon the social, medical, legal, and political issues related to drugs and alcohol and associated behaviors. The rapid pace of research in the fields of substance abuse and non-substance abuse addictions since publication of the 2nd edition warrants a new exploration of the field. In the MacMillan Reference USA tradition, a board of noted scholars in the fields of drugs, alcohol, and addiction bring new scholarship within the discipline to the set alongside discussion of topics often mentioned in today's media. Coverage of these concepts beyond the U.S. - through the European Union, Asia, and beyond - will significantly expand. Statistics throughout the set will be revisited and thoroughly updated, and the A-Z entry arrangement will be maintained. A robust cumulative index will complete the work. Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page - Volume 1......Page 4 ISBN 0028660641......Page 5 EDITORIAL BOARD......Page 3 EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION STAFF......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 8 PREFACE......Page 9 A......Page 12 C......Page 13 G......Page 14 M......Page 15 P......Page 16 S......Page 17 U......Page 18 Z......Page 19 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 20 ABSTINENCE VIOLATION EFFECT (AVE).......Page 40 ABUSE LIABILITY OF DRUGS: TEST-ING IN HUMANS.......Page 41 ABUSE LIABILITY OF THERAPEU-TICDRUGS: TESTING IN ANIMALS.......Page 44 ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES FROM ALCOHOL.......Page 46 ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES FROM DRUGS.......Page 53 ACETYLCHOLINE.......Page 57 ADDICTION: CONCEPTS ANDDEF-INITIONS.......Page 58 ADDICTION (JOURNAL).......Page 67 ADDICTION SEVERITY INDEX (ASI).......Page 68 ADDICTIVE PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS.......Page 69 ADOLESCENTS AND DRUG USE.......Page 71 ADULT CHILDREN OF ALCO-HOLICS.......Page 75 ADVERTISING AND THE ALCO-HOL INDUSTRY.......Page 77 ADVERTISING AND THE PHAR-MACEUTICAL INDUSTRY.......Page 84 ADVERTISING AND TOBACCO USE.......Page 89 AFGHANISTAN.......Page 95 AFRICA.......Page 97 AFRICAN AMERICANS, ETHNIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS RELE-VANT TO TREATMENT FOR.......Page 102 AGGRESSION AND DRUGS: RE-SEARCH ISSUES.......Page 108 AGING, DRUGS, AND ALCOHOL.......Page 112 AGONIST-ANTAGONIST (MIXED).......Page 120 AL-ANON.......Page 121 ALATEEN.......Page 123 ALCOHOL......Page 124 ALCOHOL AND AIDS.......Page 143 ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-EXPOSED INFANTS.......Page 150 ALCOHOL- ANDDRUG-FREEHOUS-ING.......Page 153 ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDEN-TIFICATION TEST (AUDIT).......Page 159 ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS.......Page 161 ALCOHOLISM: ABSTINENCE VER-SUS CONTROLLED DRINKING.......Page 168 ALCOHOLISM: ORIGIN OF THE TERM.......Page 175 ALLERGIES TO ALCOHOL AND DRUGS.......Page 180 AMANTADINE.......Page 182 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ADDIC-TION MEDICINE (ASAM).......Page 183 AMOBARBITAL.......Page 184 AMOTIVATIONAL SYNDROME.......Page 185 AMPHETAMINE.......Page 187 AMPHETAMINE EPIDEMICS, INTER-NATIONAL.......Page 192 AMYGDALA.......Page 201 ANABOLIC STEROIDS.......Page 202 ANHEDONIA.......Page 207 ANORECTIC.......Page 208 ANOREXIA NERVOSA.......Page 209 ANSLINGER, HARRY JACOB, AND U.S. DRUG POLICY.......Page 210 ANTAGONISTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS.......Page 216 ANTIDOTE.......Page 219 ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DIS-ORDER.......Page 220 ANXIETY.......Page 222 APHRODISIAC.......Page 223 ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONI-TORING (ADAM AND ADAM II).......Page 224 ASSET FORFEITURE.......Page 227 ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERAC-TIVITY DISORDER.......Page 229 AUDADIS.......Page 231 AUSTRALIA.......Page 233 AUTOMATION OF REPORTS AND CONSOLIDATED ORDERS SYS-TEM (ARCOS).......Page 237 AYAHUASCA.......Page 239 BARBITURATES.......Page 242 BARBITURATES: COMPLICATIONS.......Page 246 BEERS AND BREWS.......Page 247 BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS.......Page 250 BEHAVIORAL TOLERANCE.......Page 254 BENZODIAZEPINES.......Page 256 BENZODIAZEPINES: COMPLICA-TIONS.......Page 262 BENZOYLECOGNINE.......Page 265 BETEL NUT.......Page 266 BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRA-TION.......Page 268 BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRA-TION, MEASURES OF.......Page 269 BOLIVIA.......Page 272 BORDER MANAGEMENT.......Page 276 BRAIN STRUCTURES AND DRUGS.......Page 278 BREATHALYZER.......Page 282 BRITAIN.......Page 284 BRITAIN: ALCOHOL USE AND POLICY.......Page 287 BRITAIN: TOBACCO USE AND POLICY.......Page 290 BULIMIA NERVOSA.......Page 293 CAFFEINE.......Page 296 CALCIUM CARBIMIDE.......Page 304 CANADA.......Page 305 CANCER, DRUGS, ANDALCOHOL.......Page 308 CANNABINOIDS.......Page 314 CANNABIS, INTERNATIONAL OVER-VIEW.......Page 316 CANNABIS SATIVA.......Page 319 CARIBBEAN, ILLICIT DRUGS IN.......Page 321 CHILD ABUSE AND DRUGS.......Page 325 CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOR AND LATER SUBSTANCE USE.......Page 331 CHINA.......Page 334 CHINESE AMERICANS, ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE AMONG.......Page 337 CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE.......Page 342 CHRONIC PAIN.......Page 343 CIVIL COMMITMENT.......Page 345 CIVIL REMEDIES.......Page 348 CLINICAL TRIALS NETWORK.......Page 349 CLONE, CLONING.......Page 351 CLUB DRUGS.......Page 352 COCA PLANT.......Page 354 COCA/COCAINE, INTERNATIONAL.......Page 356 COCAETHYLENE: IMMUNOLOGIC, HEPATIC, AND CARDIAC EFFECTS.......Page 363 COCAINE.......Page 365 CODEPENDENCE.......Page 370 COERCED TREATMENT FOR SUB-STANCE OFFENDERS.......Page 372 COFFEE.......Page 375 COLA/COLA DRINKS.......Page 376 COLLEGE ON PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE (CPDD), INC.......Page 378 COLOMBIA.......Page 379 COMPLICATIONS......Page 383 COMPULSIONS.......Page 449 COMPUTERIZED DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR DSM-IV (C DIS-IV).......Page 450 CONDITIONED TOLERANCE.......Page 451 CONDUCT DISORDER AND DRUG USE.......Page 452 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT OF 1970.......Page 455 CONTROLS: SCHEDULED DRUGS/ DRUG SCHEDULES, U.S.......Page 456 COPING AND DRUG USE.......Page 461 CRACK.......Page 462 CRAVING.......Page 463 CREATIVITY AND DRUGS.......Page 466 CRIME AND ALCOHOL.......Page 468 CRIME AND DRUGS.......Page 473 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, TREATMENT IN THE.......Page 480 CROP CONTROL POLICIES.......Page 483 CULTS AND DRUG USE.......Page 491 Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, & Addictive Behavior, 3rd Edition, Volume 4.pdf......Page 0 Cover Page......Page 495 Title Page, Volume 2......Page 496 DELIRIUM.......Page 497 DELIRIUM TREMENS (DTS).......Page 498 DEPRESSION.......Page 499 DESIGNER DRUGS.......Page 500 DIAGNOSIS OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: DIAGNOSTIC CRI-TERIA.......Page 502 DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL (DSM).......Page 511 DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW FOR GENETIC STUDIES (DIGS).......Page 514 DIHYDROMORPHINE.......Page 516 DISTILLATION.......Page 517 DISTILLED SPIRITS, TYPES OF.......Page 518 DISTILLED SPIRITS COUNCIL.......Page 520 DOGS IN DRUG DETECTION.......Page 522 DOM.......Page 524 DOPAMINE.......Page 525 DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP.......Page 526 DOVER’S POWDER.......Page 527 DRAMSHOP LIABILITY LAWS.......Page 529 DRIVING, ALCOHOL, AND DRUGS.......Page 530 DRIVING UNDER THE INFLU-ENCE (DUI).......Page 534 DROPOUTS AND SUBSTANCE USE.......Page 535 DRUG.......Page 539 DRUG ABUSE REPORTING PRO-GRAM (DARP).......Page 540 DRUG ABUSE SCREENING TEST (DAST).......Page 541 DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT OUT-COME STUDIES (DATOS).......Page 543 DRUG ABUSE WARNING NET-WORK (DAWN).......Page 546 DRUG COURTS.......Page 550 DRUG INTERACTION AND THE BRAIN.......Page 555 DRUG INTERACTIONS AND ALCOHOL.......Page 558 DRUG INTERDICTION.......Page 562 DRUG LAWS: FINANCIAL ANALY-SIS IN ENFORCEMENT.......Page 565 DRUG LAWS, PROSECUTION OF.......Page 567 DRUG METABOLISM.......Page 569 DRUG POLICY ALLIANCE (DPA).......Page 571 DRUG TESTING METHODS AND CLINICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF TEST RESULTS.......Page 574 DRUG TYPES.......Page 584 DYNORPHIN.......Page 592 EASTERN EUROPE.......Page 595 ECONOMIC COSTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE.......Page 598 ED50.......Page 600 EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PRO-GRAMS (EAPS).......Page 601 ENKEPHALIN.......Page 602 EPIDEMICS OF DRUG ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES.......Page 603 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS.......Page 608 EPIDEMIOLOGY OFDRUG ABUSE.......Page 618 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY.......Page 626 EUROPEAN UNION.......Page 627 EXCLUSIONARY RULE.......Page 635 EXPECTANCIES.......Page 637 FAMILIES AND DRUG USE.......Page 643 FASHION INDUSTRY, INTERNA-TIONAL.......Page 648 FERMENTATION.......Page 650 FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME.......Page 651 FETUS, EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE.......Page 655 FLY AGARIC.......Page 662 FOREIGN POLICY AND DRUGS, UNITED STATES.......Page 663 FRANCE.......Page 666 FREEBASING.......Page 672 FREUD AND COCAINE.......Page 674 FUNDINGANDSERVICE DELIVERY OF TREATMENT.......Page 676 GAMBLING.......Page 679 GAMBLING ADDICTION: ASSESS-MENT.......Page 682 GAMBLING ADDICTION: EPIDEMI-OLOGY.......Page 686 GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA).......Page 691 GANGS AND DRUGS.......Page 692 GANJA.......Page 698 GENDER AND COMPLICATIONS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE.......Page 699 GENE REGULATION: DRUGS.......Page 702 GENOME PROJECT.......Page 703 GERMANY.......Page 705 GINSENG.......Page 708 GLUTAMATE.......Page 709 GOLDEN TRIANGLE AS DRUG SOURCE.......Page 710 HAIR ANALYSIS AS A TEST FOR DRUG USE.......Page 715 HALLUCINATION.......Page 716 HALLUCINOGENIC PLANTS.......Page 717 HALLUCINOGENS.......Page 718 HARM REDUCTION.......Page 723 HARRISON NARCOTICS ACT OF 1914.......Page 726 HASHISH.......Page 728 HEPATITIS C INFECTION.......Page 729 HEROIN.......Page 732 HISPANIC AMERICANS, ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE AMONG.......Page 734 HIV RISK ASSESSMENT BATTERY (RAB).......Page 738 HOMELESSNESS, HISTORY OF ASSOCIATION WITH ALCOHOL AND DRUGS.......Page 739 HOOKAH.......Page 744 HYDROMORPHONE.......Page 747 IATROGENIC ADDICTION.......Page 749 IBOGAINE.......Page 753 IMAGING TECHNIQUES: VISUAL-IZING THE LIVING BRAIN.......Page 754 IMMUNOASSAY.......Page 761 IMPULSIVITY AND ADDICTION.......Page 764 INDIA AND PAKISTAN.......Page 765 INDUSTRY AND WORKPLACE, DRUG USE IN.......Page 770 INHALANTS.......Page 775 INHALANTS: EXTENT OF USE AND COMPLICATIONS.......Page 781 INJECTING DRUG USERS AND HIV.......Page 783 INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICA-TION OF DISEASES (ICD).......Page 788 INTERNATIONAL CONTROL POL-ICIES.......Page 790 INTERNATIONAL DRUG SUPPLY SYSTEMS.......Page 795 INTERNET: IMPACT ON DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE.......Page 803 INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND ALCOHOL/SUBSTANCE USE.......Page 807 IRELAND, REPUBLIC OF.......Page 818 ITALY.......Page 821 JAPAN.......Page 827 JELLINEK MEMORIAL FUND.......Page 830 JEWS AND ALCOHOL.......Page 831 JIMSONWEED.......Page 835 KENYA.......Page 837 KHAT.......Page 840 LAUDANUM.......Page 847 LEGAL REGULATION OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL.......Page 850 LEGALIZATION VS. PROHIBI-TION OF DRUGS: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.......Page 855 LEGALIZATION VS. PROHIBI-TION OF DRUGS: POLICY ANALY-SIS.......Page 861 LIMBIC SYSTEM.......Page 865 LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD) AND PSYCHEDELICS.......Page 868 Cover Page......Page 875 Title Page, Volume 3......Page 876 MANDATORY SENTENCING.......Page 877 MARIJUANA (CANNABIS).......Page 880 MDMA.......Page 886 MEDIA.......Page 888 MEMORY, EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON.......Page 894 MEPERIDINE.......Page 897 MEPROBAMATE.......Page 898 METHADONE MAINTENANCE PRO-GRAMS.......Page 899 METHAMPHETAMINE.......Page 906 METHANOL.......Page 907 METHEDRINE.......Page 908 METHYLPHENIDATE.......Page 909 MEXICO.......Page 910 MICHIGAN ALCOHOLISM SCREEN-ING TEST (MAST).......Page 915 MIDDLE EAST.......Page 916 MILITARY, DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES.......Page 920 MINI INTERNATIONAL NEURO-PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW (MINI).......Page 926 MINIMUM DRINKING AGE LAWS.......Page 929 MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PER-SONALITY INVENTORY.......Page 935 MODELS OF ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE.......Page 936 MONEY LAUNDERING.......Page 943 MONITORING THE FUTURE.......Page 944 MORNING GLORY SEEDS.......Page 954 MORPHINE.......Page 955 MOTHERS AGAINSTDRUNK DRIV-ING( MADD).......Page 957 MOVIES.......Page 959 MPTP.......Page 963 MULTIDOCTORING.......Page 964 MUSIC.......Page 965 MYTHS ABOUT ADDICTION AND ITS TREATMENT.......Page 968 NALOXONE.......Page 973 NARCOTIC ADDICT REHABILITA-TION ACT (NARA).......Page 974 NARCOTICS ANONYMOUS (NA).......Page 976 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON MARIHUANA AND DRUG ABUSE.......Page 978 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON MAR-IHUANA AND DRUG ABUSE: REC-OMMENDATIONS ON DECRIMI-NALIZATION.......Page 979 NATIONAL COUNCIL ON ALCO-HOLISM AND DRUG DEPEN-DENCE (NCADD).......Page 981 NATIONAL FORENSIC LABORA-TORY INFORMATION SYSTEM (NFLIS).......Page 983 NATIONAL SURVEY ON DRUG USE AND HEALTH (NSDUH).......Page 984 NEEDLEANDSYRINGEEXCHANGES ANDHIV/AIDS.......Page 989 NETHERLANDS.......Page 992 NEURON.......Page 998 NEUROTRANSMISSION.......Page 1003 NEUROTRANSMITTERS.......Page 1008 NEW YORK STATE CIVIL COM-MITMENT PROGRAM.......Page 1009 NICOTINE.......Page 1010 NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR SMOKING CESSATION.......Page 1015 NIGERIA.......Page 1018 NORDIC COUNTRIES (DENMARK, FINLAND, ICELAND, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN).......Page 1022 NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS.......Page 1030 NUTMEG.......Page 1031 OBESITY.......Page 1033 OPERATION INTERCEPT.......Page 1035 OPIATES/OPIOIDS.......Page 1037 OPIOID COMPLICATIONS AND WITHDRAWAL.......Page 1043 OPIOID DEPENDENCE: COURSE OF THE DISORDER OVER TIME.......Page 1049 OPIUM: INTERNATIONAL OVER-VIEW.......Page 1054 OPIUM: U.S. OVERVIEW.......Page 1059 OVEREATING AND OTHER EXCES-SIVE BEHAVIORS.......Page 1066 OXYCODONE.......Page 1068 OXYMORPHONE.......Page 1069 PAIN: BEHAVIORAL METHODS FOR MEASURING ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF DRUGS.......Page 1071 PAIN, DRUGS USED FOR.......Page 1072 PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM.......Page 1077 PARAPHERNALIA, LAWSAGAINST.......Page 1078 PAREGORIC.......Page 1080 PARENT MOVEMENT, THE.......Page 1081 PEMOLINE.......Page 1083 PERSONALITY DISORDERS.......Page 1084 PERU.......Page 1086 PEYOTE.......Page 1090 PHARMACODYNAMICS.......Page 1091 PHARMACOKINETICS: GENERAL.......Page 1094 PHARMACOKINETICS: IMPLICA-TIONS FOR ABUSABLE SUBSTANCES.......Page 1096 PHARMACOKINETICS OF ALCO-HOL.......Page 1104 PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP).......Page 1108 PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP): ADVERSE EFFECTS.......Page 1114 PHYSICIANS ANDMEDICAL WORK-ERS, SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG.......Page 1118 PLANTS, DRUGS FROM.......Page 1127 POISON.......Page 1133 PREGNANCY AND DRUG DEPEN-DENCE.......Page 1134 PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE.......Page 1140 PRESCRIPTION DRUG MONITOR-ING PROGRAM.......Page 1145 PREVENTION.......Page 1146 PREVENTION, EDUCATION AND.......Page 1155 PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL RE-LATED HARM: THE TOTAL CON-SUMPTION MODEL.......Page 1159 PRISM.......Page 1162 PRISONS AND JAILS.......Page 1165 PRISONSANDJAILS, DRUGTREAT-MENT IN.......Page 1167 PRISONS AND JAILS, DRUG USE AND HIV/AIDS IN.......Page 1170 PROCESSES OF CHANGE MODEL.......Page 1173 PRODUCTIVITY: EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON.......Page 1176 PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALING.......Page 1178 PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL.......Page 1179 PSILOCYBIN.......Page 1183 PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG.......Page 1184 PSYCHOMOTOR EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS.......Page 1185 PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANT.......Page 1188 PUBLIC INTOXICATION.......Page 1189 RACIAL PROFILING.......Page 1193 RAVE.......Page 1196 RECEPTOR, DRUG.......Page 1199 REINFORCEMENT.......Page 1200 RELAPSE.......Page 1202 RELIGION AND DRUG USE.......Page 1203 REMOVE INTOXICATED DRIVERS (RID-USA, INC.).......Page 1209 RESEARCH......Page 1210 RESEARCH, ANIMAL MODEL: AN OVERVIEW.......Page 1235 REWARD PATHWAYS AND DRUGS.......Page 1251 RHETORIC OF ADDICTION.......Page 1252 RISK FACTORS FOR SUBSTANCE USE, ABUSE, AND DEPENDENCE......Page 1256 ROCKEFELLER DRUG LAWS.......Page 1310 ROHYPNOL.......Page 1311 RUBBING ALCOHOL.......Page 1312 Cover Page......Page 1313 Title Page, Volume 4......Page 1314 SCHIZOPHRENIA.......Page 1315 SECOBARBITAL.......Page 1317 SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC.......Page 1318 SEDATIVES: ADVERSE CONSE-QUENCES OF CHRONIC USE.......Page 1319 SEIZURES OF DRUGS.......Page 1323 SEMI-STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT FOR DRUG DEPENDENCE AND ALCOHOLISM (SSADDA).......Page 1324 SEMI-STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT FOR THE GENETICS OF ALCO-HOLISM (SSAGA).......Page 1325 SENSATION AND PERCEPTION AND EFFECTS OF DRUGS.......Page 1327 SEROTONIN.......Page 1328 SEXUALITY AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE.......Page 1329 SHOCK INCARCERATION AND BOOT-CAMP PRISONS.......Page 1335 SLANG TERMS IN U.S. DRUG CULTURES.......Page 1340 SLEEP, DREAMING, AND DRUGS.......Page 1347 SMARTRECOVERYANDRATIONAL RECOVERY.......Page 1351 SOBRIETY.......Page 1353 SOCIAL COSTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE.......Page 1354 SOUTH AFRICA.......Page 1359 SPAIN.......Page 1364 SPORT, DRUGS IN INTERNA-TIONAL.......Page 1369 STREET VALUE.......Page 1375 STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTER-VIEW FOR DSM-IV (SCID).......Page 1376 STUDENTS AGAINST DESTRUC-TIVE DECISIONS (SADD).......Page 1379 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND AIDS.......Page 1381 SUICIDE AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE.......Page 1384 SYNAPSE, BRAIN.......Page 1389 T-ACE.......Page 1393 TAX LAWS AND ALCOHOL.......Page 1395 TEA.......Page 1397 TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT.......Page 1399 TERRORISM AND DRUGS.......Page 1403 TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL(THC).......Page 1407 TOBACCO......Page 1409 TOLERANCE AND PHYSICAL DEP-ENDENCE.......Page 1444 TOUGHLOVE.......Page 1447 TREATMENT......Page 1448 TREATMENT, BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES TO......Page 1468 TREATMENT, PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO......Page 1494 TREATMENT, SPECIALTY APPROACHES TO......Page 1520 TREATMENT, STAGES/ PHASES OF......Page 1532 TREATMENT: OUTPATIENT VER-SUS INPATIENT SETTING.......Page 1542 TREATMENTACCOUNTABILITYFOR SAFER COMMUNITIES (TASC).......Page 1545 TREATMENTOUTCOMEPROSPEC-TIVE STUDY (TOPS).......Page 1547 U.S. GOVERNMENT......Page 1551 U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES......Page 1566 VALUES AND BELIEFS: EXISTEN-TIAL MODELS OF ADDICTION.......Page 1591 VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA.......Page 1593 VIETNAM ERA STUDY (VES), WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.......Page 1594 VIETNAM WAR: DRUG USE IN U.S. MILITARY.......Page 1596 VULNERABILITY AS A CAUSE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE.......Page 1598 WELFARE POLICY AND SUB-STANCE ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES.......Page 1599 WIKLER’SCONDITIONINGTHEORY OF DRUG ADDICTION.......Page 1603 WITHDRAWAL......Page 1605 WOMAN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPER-ANCE UNION.......Page 1619 WOMEN AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE.......Page 1622 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION EXPERT COMMITTEE ON DRUG DEPENDENCE.......Page 1628 ZERO TOLERANCE.......Page 1631 A......Page 1635 B......Page 1642 C......Page 1644 D......Page 1650 E......Page 1656 F......Page 1659 G......Page 1660 H......Page 1661 I......Page 1664 L......Page 1667 M......Page 1669 N......Page 1673 O......Page 1677 P......Page 1679 R......Page 1684 S......Page 1687 T......Page 1693 U......Page 1697 W......Page 1698 Z......Page 1700 Back Cover Page......Page 1701 The Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior, 3rd edition updates and expands upon the award-winning second edition of this set, addressing social, medical, legal, and political issues related to substance use and addictive behavior. New essays report on contemporary socio-political topics such as the role of drugs and alcohol in the media, the prevalence of drugs in the international sports and fashion industries, the relationship between drug trafficking and terrorism, and the impact of the Internet on drug and alcohol use. The third edition also expands international coverage of historical and modern perspectives on drug, alcohol, and tobacco use in more than 30 countries and regions, including the Caribbean, the Middle East, and China. Many of the 545 topical entries are enhanced by statistical charts, graphs, tables, and photographs. Published by Macmillan Reference USA, this new edition was developed under the guidance of Editors Pamela Korsmeyer and Henry R. Kranzler. Pamela Korsmeyer has written about addiction, drug control and federal policy, as well as on international development. Dr. Kranzler is a professor of psychiatry and program director of the General Clinical Research Center at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He has authored or co-authored more than 300 journal articles, book chapters, and other publications. From Publisher's Website: The Encyclopedia Of Drugs, Alcohol, And Addictive Behavior, 3rd Edition Updates And Expands Upon The Award-winning Second Edition Of This Set, Addressing Social, Medical, Legal, And Political Issues Related To Substance Use And Addictive Behavior. New Essays Report On Contemporary Socio-political Topics Such As The Role Of Drugs And Alcohol In The Media, The Prevalence Of Drugs In The International Sports And Fashion Industries, The Relationship Between Drug Trafficking And Terrorism, And The Impact Of The Internet On Drug And Alcohol Use. The Third Edition Also Expands International Coverage Of Historical And Modern Perspectives On Drug, Alcohol, And Tobacco Use In More Than 30 Countries And Regions, Including The Caribbean, The Middle East, And China. Many Of The 545 Topical Entries Are Enhanced By Statistical Charts, Graphs, Tables, And Photographs. V. 1. A-c -- V. 2. D-l -- V. 3. M-r -- V. 4. S-z ; Index. Pamela Korsmeyer And Henry R. Kranzler, Editors In Chief. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.