دانشنامه تاریخ سرخ‌پوستان آمریکا (مجموعه ۴ جلدی)

From the origins of Native American cultures through the years of colonialism and non-Native expansion to the present, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings the story of Native Americans to life like no other previous reference on the subject. Featuring the work of many of the fieldÕs foremost scholars, it explores this fundamental and foundational aspect of the American experience with extraordinary depth, breadth, and currency, carefully balancing the perspectives of both Native and non-Native Americans. Encyclopedia of American Indian History spans the centuries with three thematically organized volumes (covering the period from precontact through European colonization the years of non-Native expansion (including Indian removal) and the modern era of reservations, reforms, and reclamation of semi-sovereignty). Each volume includes entries on key events, places, people, and issues. The fourth volume is an alphabetically organized resource providing histories of Native American nations, as well as an extensive chronology, topic finder, bibliography, and glossary. For students, historians, or anyone interested in the Native American experience, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings that experience to life in an unprecedented way. Cover 1 Copyright 5 Contributors 8 Contents 16 Volume I 18 Volume II 20 Volume III 23 Volume IV 27 Introduction 32 Chronological Essays 34 Pre-contact Indian History 35 Southwest 37 California 38 Northwest Coast 38 Plateau 39 Great Basin 40 Great Plains and Prairie 41 Southeast 42 Northeast 43 Subarctic 44 Arctic 44 Indians in the Colonial Era and the American Revolution 47 The Significance of the Pre-149 Worldviews of Indian America 48 Columbus and the Right of Discovery: Rapacious Fiction Turned into Legal Fact 50 The United States as a Transformed “Wilderness” 50 The Impact of European Trade Goods 51 Captured by White People 52 Epidemic Diseases 54 The Era of the American Revolution (1763–1783) 55 Indian Treaties 56 The Shawnee Quest for Pan-Indian Unity (1745–1813) 56 The Flow of North American History after 1750 57 The Triumph of the Arts and the Human Spirit 57 Indian Immigrants and Removals 63 Westward Expansion, Indian Wars, and Reservations 72 Loss of Land through the “Alchemy of Race” 83 Indian Assimilation and Reorganization 83 The Curtis and Burke Acts 85 Transition 87 Ongoing Effects 89 Creation of the Internal Colonial System 90 The Indian Reorganization Act 91 Illusions of Democracy 92 On the Matter of “Self-Governance” 92 A Question of Trust 93 The Continuation of Racial Alchemy 94 Termination and Indian Sovereignty 98 Termination Policy 99 The Rise of Self-Determination Policy (1965–1980) 101 Multiple Pathways to Self-Determination 103 The Most Recent Policy Period (1980–2006) 107 Indian Policy Now and in the Future 108 Issues in American Indian History 110 Alcoholism and Substance Abuse 110 History and Origins of Use and Abuse: Seventeenth–Nineteenth Centuries 111 Twentieth-Century Problems 111 The Methamphetamine Epidemic 112 Peyote and the Native American Church 113 Addiction Treatment and Recovery 113 Archaeology and the First Americans 115 Introduction 115 Migration Routes and Colonization 115 Regional Development (13,500–10,000 years ago) 118 Summary 119 Assimilation 120 Bering Strait Theory 125 Boarding Schools, United States and Canada 129 Reliving the Boarding School Experience in Canada 131 Citizenship 135 Demographics, Historical 137 Disease, Historic and Contemporary 144 Disease and Demography 145 Economic Development 147 A Brief History of Tribal Economies 147 The Economic Situation in Indian Country Today 152 Tribal Economic Development Entities 153 Conclusion 154 Education 155 Education and Social Control 160 Environment and Pollution 162 Akwesasne: The Land of Toxic Turtles 162 The Yaquis and Pesticide Contamination 164 The Point Hope Eskimos: An Atomic Harbor and a Nuclear Dump 165 The Yakamas: Hanford’s Radioactive Legacy 166 Gambling 168 Genocide 174 Definitio 174 Distinctiveness 174 Depopulation and Devastation 174 Destruction 175 Hazardous Waste 177 Introduction 177 The Seward Peninsula of Alaska: Don’t Eat the Reindeer 177 Bombs Away in the Aleutian Islands 177 Organochlorine Contamination and the Penobscots 178 The Isleta Pueblo Tastes Albuquerque’s Effluent 178 Land, Identity and Ownership of, Land Rights 179 Mining and Contemporary Environmental Problems 181 The Hopis and Navajos: Turning Black Mesa to Coal Slurry 181 The Gros Ventres and Assiniboines: Gold Mining and Cyanide Poisoning in Montana 184 Pan-Indianism 186 Reservation Economic and Social Conditions 189 Poverty on the Plains 189 Crime Rates Rise 189 Pikangikum’s Continuing Desolation 190 Alcoholism: The Continuing Toll 191 Gambling: The New Buffalo? 191 Gambling, Politics, and the New York Oneidas 192 The Foxwoods Money Machine 193 Death at Akwesasne 194 Small Businesses Boom at Akwesasne 195 Squaw, Debates over Place Names 196 Language and Power 196 Naming and Claiming Places 196 The Controversy 198 Trade 199 Treaty Diplomacy, with Summary of Selected Treaties 203 The Iroquois Influence on Treaty Diplomacy 205 Treaties, Specific Agreements and Provisions 206 Tribal Sovereignty 210 Uranium Mining 216 Uranium Mining in Navajoland 216 The Largest Nuclear Accident in the United States 218 Death in the Mines 219 Water Rights 219 Women in Native Woodlands Societies 223 Events in American Indian History 232 Bering Strait Theory 232 Dalles Trading Area 234 L’Anse aux Meadows Viking Settlement 236 Norse Exploration of North America 239 Doctrine of Discovery 241 Missionaries, French Jesuit 243 New France and Natives 245 Spanish Influenc 247 Pequot War 249 Beaver Wars 251 Pueblo Revolt 253 Russians, in the Arctic/Northwest 254 French and Indian War 257 California Indians, Genocide of 259 Genocide 259 Spain and the Mission System 260 Mexico and Secularization 261 Americans and the Gold Rush 262 The Massacres 262 Disease and Starvation 263 The “Lost Treaties” 263 Indenture and Slavery 264 Death Marches and Forced Relocation 264 Summary and Conclusion 264 Mission System, Spanish 264 Boston Tea Party, Mohawk Images 269 American Revolution, Native American Participation 270 Goschochking (Ohio) Massacre of 1782 273 Fallen Timbers, Battle of 277 Creek War 279 Seminole Wars 281 Black Hawk’s War 284 Trail of Tears 285 Oregon Trail 287 Yakama War 288 Great Sioux Uprising 289 Long Walk (Navajo) 292 Sand Creek Massacre 294 Alaska, United States Purchase of 296 Baptist Church 298 Grant’s Peace Policy 301 Camp Grant Massacre 303 Apache Wars 304 Battle of the Little Bighorn 306 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) 311 Wounded Knee, South Dakota, Massacre at 315 Relocation 318 Occupation of Alcatraz Island 320 Red Power Movement 325 Trail of Broken Treaties 330 Pine Ridge Political Murders 333 Occupation of Wounded Knee 336 Navajo–Hopi Land Dispute 339 Ward Valley, Hazardous Waste Controversy 340 Culture and American Indian History 344 Adena Civilization 344 African Americans 347 Agriculture 348 Agricultural Contributions to the World 349 Food Production and Spiritual Life 349 Mayan Agriculture 350 Pueblo Agriculture: Water Is Life 350 The Importance of Corn 351 American Indian Contributions to the World 352 An Encyclopedia of Borrowings 353 Native American Sciences 354 Native Medicines in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States 354 Native American Vegetal Remedies 356 American Gold and European Capitalism 357 Ideas of Freedom 357 Who Invented Scalping and Introduced Syphilis? 357 Names and Semantic Confusion 358 Ancestral Puebloan Culture 359 Culture 360 Geographical Region 360 Time Period 360 Anglicans 364 Athapaskan Languages 365 Athapaskan Peoples 368 Basketry 369 Beadwork 372 Berdaches 373 Black Hills (Paha Sapa) 375 Black Seminoles 377 Blue Lake, New Mexico 379 Bole-Maru Religion 380 Buffalo 381 Cahokia 383 Cannibalism 385 Canoes 387 Captivity Narrative 391 Ceremonies, Criminalization of 393 Code Talkers, Navajo 397 Confederacies 400 Introduction 400 Blackfoot Confederacy 400 Council of the Three Fires 401 Creek Confederacy 401 Old Northwest Confederacy 402 Huron-Wendat (Wyandot) 402 Iroquois Confederacy 402 Seven Nations of Canada 403 Wabanaki Confederacy 403 Wabash Confederacy 404 Conclusion 404 Counting Coup 405 Dams, Fishing Rights, and Hydroelectric Power 406 Democracy and Native American Images among Europeans 409 Diabetes 411 Dreamer Cult 413 False Face Society 414 Feminism, Native American Influence 416 Fishing Rights 421 Subsistence Language in Northwest Coast Treaties 423 Fur Trade 426 Ghost Dance Religion 429 Graham, Mount (Dzil Nchaa Si An), Controversy over 431 Hohokam Culture 433 Hopewell Culture 435 Horse, Economic Impact 437 Humor, as Value 439 Identity 441 Indian Shaker Movement 443 Iroquois Great Law of Peace (Kaianerekowa) 444 Katsinas 446 Kennewick Man 447 Lacrosse 450 Language and Language Renewal 451 Language, Written in America, Pre-contact 458 Longhouse Religion 461 Mascots 462 History 462 Stereotypes and More 463 Change 464 Mississippian Culture 465 Mogollon Culture 466 Mound Cultures of North America 468 Muskogean Language 471 Myth of the Noble Savage 472 Na-Dene Peoples 473 Natchez Culture 475 New Agers, “Indian” Ceremonies and 476 Ohio Valley Mound Culture 477 Osage, and Oil Rights 481 Paleo-Indians 484 Pipes, Sacred 486 Potlatch 487 Pottery 489 Sacred Sites 491 Salmon, Economic and Spiritual Significance o 494 Scalping in the Colonial Period 496 Seven Drums Religion 498 Slavery and Native Americans 499 State Names, Native American Derivations 501 Sun Dance 504 Sweat Lodges 506 Thanksgiving Holiday, Origins 507 Examples of Foods Native to the Americas 509 Totem Poles 510 Wakashan Languages 512 Wampum 513 Warfare, Intertribal 516 Weaving 518 Worldviews and Values 520 Governments and American Indian History 524 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 524 Albany Congress, Native Precedents 526 American Indian Religious Freedom Act 528 The AIRFA Report 529 The Suppression of Native American Religious Traditions 529 The Start of a Change in U.S. Policy 530 Legislation Following AIRFA and AIRFA Amendments 531 Bureau of American Ethnology 532 Bureau of Indian Affairs: Establishing the Existence of an Indian Tribe 534 Canada, Indian Policies of 536 Canandaigua (Pickering) Treaty 544 Carlisle Treaty Council 546 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 547 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission 550 Constitution Act 551 Cree-Naskapi Act 552 Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development 553 Domestic Dependent Nation 555 Elk v. Wilkins 557 Factory System 557 Fletcher v. Peck 559 Forced Marches 561 Fort Laramie Treaty (1868) 562 Hawai’i, Legal Status of Native Claims 565 Hudson’s Bay Company 567 Indian Act 570 Indian Civil Rights Act (1968) 572 Indian Civilization Fund Act 573 Indian Claims Commission 574 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 576 Indian Mineral Leasing Act 579 Indian Removal Act 581 Indian Reorganization Act 585 The 1920s: Protest from the Pueblos 586 The Indian New Deal (1933–1937) 587 Indian Reorganization Act 588 Evaluation 591 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 592 Individual Indian Monies 593 The Education of an Indian Accountant 593 “Pen and Ink Witchcraft” 595 The “Midnight Rider” 596 Wither the Trust Fund Billions? 597 Blackfeet History at Ghost Ridge 597 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 598 Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Treaty Councils 601 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock 602 Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association 605 Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act 606 Meriam Report 609 Métis Nation Accord 611 National Indian Gaming Commission 613 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 614 NAGPRA as Property Law 615 NAGPRA as Indian Law 615 NAGPRA as Human Rights Law 616 NAGPRA as Administrative Process 616 Conclusion 617 North West Company 617 Northwest Ordinance (1787) 619 Nunavut Land Claims Agreement 621 Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe 627 Plenary Power 629 Praying Villages of Massachusetts 632 Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe v. Morton 633 Radiation Exposure Compensation Act 634 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 635 Standing Bear v. Crook 637 Tee-Hit-Ton v. United States 639 Termination 640 Trade and Intercourse Acts 643 Tribal Courts 645 Trust, Doctrine of 647 Tungavik Federation, Nunavut 650 United Nations, Indians and 651 United States v. Dann 652 United States v. Kagama 655 Wardship Doctrine 656 Winters v. United States 657 Worcester v. Georgia 659 People and Groups in American Indian History 664 Aboriginal Peoples Television Network 664 Akwesasne Freedom School 665 Akwesasne Notes 666 Alaska Native Brotherhood 667 All Indian Pueblo Council 670 American Indian Higher Education Consortium 671 American Indian Movement 671 Trail of Broken Treaties 673 Wounded Knee Siege 673 AIM Trials 675 Reign of Terror on Pine Ridge 676 The Ongoing Struggle 678 Anderson, Wallace Mad Bear 680 Anishinabe Algonquin National Council 681 Apess, William 683 Aquash, Anna Mae Pictou 684 Assembly of First Nations 686 Banderas, Juan de la Cruz 688 Banks, Dennis 689 Bearskin, Leaford 690 Black Elk 691 Blackfeet Confederacy 692 Black Hawk 694 Black Kettle 696 Boas, Franz 697 Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons 698 Brant, Joseph 700 Campbell, Ben Nighthorse 702 Canassatego 704 Canonicus 705 Captain Jack 706 Carson, Christopher “Kit” 707 Casas, Bartolome de las 709 Catlin, George 711 Cherokee Phoenix and Indian Advocate 712 Clark, George Rogers 714 Cochise 716 Cody, William Frederick 719 Cohen, Felix 721 Collier, John 722 Coon Come, Matthew 725 Cooper, James Fenimore 726 Copway, George 730 Cornplanter 731 Costo, Rupert 733 Council of Energy Resource Tribes 734 Crazy Horse 735 Crook, George 737 Cruz, Joseph de la 738 Curtis, Charles 739 Deganawidah 741 Deloria, Jr., Vine 742 Deskaheh 745 Dodge, Henry Chee 746 Dull Knife 748 Dumont, Gabriel 749 EchoHawk, Larry 750 Edwards, J. R. 751 Eliot, John 752 Emathla, Charley 753 Engels, Friedrich and the “Mother-right gens” 754 Episcopal Church 756 Erasmus, George Henry 757 Erdrich, Louise 758 Erickson, Leif 760 Eskiminzin 761 Franklin, Benjamin, Native American Influence 762 Geronimo 763 Gorman, R. C. 765 Great Lakes Intertribal Council 767 Evolution of a Leader 769 Handsome Lake as Visionary 769 Handsome Lake’s Final Years 770 The Longhouse Religion after Handsome Lake’s Death 771 Harjo, Chitto 772 Harjo, Joy 773 Harrison, William Henry 774 Haudenosaunee Confederacy, Political System 776 Hendrick 780 Hiawatha 782 Hooker Jim 784 Jackson, Andrew 785 Jackson, Helen Hunt 788 Jigonsaseh 790 Johnson, Emily Pauline 792 Johnson, William 793 Joseph, Younger 794 Kicking Bird 796 LaDuke, Winona 797 LaFlesche, Susan Picotte 799 LaFlesche, Susette Tibbles 800 Leupp, Francis Ellington 801 Little Crow 802 Little Turtle 804 Louis, Adrian 805 Luna, James Alexander 806 Lyons, Oren 807 MacDonald, Peter 809 Major Ridge 810 Mangas Coloradas 811 Mankiller, Wilma 812 Manuelito 813 Massasoit 816 McNickle, D’Arcy 817 Means, Russell 818 Metacom, and King Philip’s War 820 Mills, William M. 823 Mohawk, John C. 824 Momaday, N. Scott 825 Montezuma 826 Mormon Church 827 National Congress of American Indians 828 National Indian Youth Council 830 National Museum of the American Indian 832 Native American Church of North America 834 Native American Museums 836 Neolin (Delaware Prophet) 838 Oakes, Richard 839 Ortiz, Simon J. 840 Osceola 841 Owens, Louis 845 Parker, Arthur C. 846 Parker, Ely 847 Parker, Quanah 848 Peltier, Leonard 850 Penn, William, Quakers, and Native Americans 852 Plenty Coups 855 Pocahontas 856 Pontiac 858 Powhatan 859 Red Cloud 860 Red Jacket 862 Riel, Louis 864 Rogers, Will 866 Rose, Wendy 867 Ross, John 868 Sacagawea or Sakakawea 869 Scholder, Fritz 871 Seattle 872 Sequoyah 873 Sitting Bull 875 Smith, John 877 Smohalla 878 Society of American Indians 879 Sohappy, Sr., David 881 Spotted Tail 883 Squanto 884 St. Clair, Arthur 885 Standing Bear (Ponca); Standing Bear v. Crook (1879) 886 Standing Bear, Luther 887 Sullivan, General John and the Haudenosaunee Holocaust of 1779 889 Tammany Society 892 Tecumseh 893 Tekakwitha, Kateri 895 Tenskwatawa 897 Thorpe, Jim 898 Tribal Colleges 900 Community 900 Governance 900 Curriculum 900 Faculty 901 Students 901 Uncas 902 Victorio 903 Warrior, Clyde 904 Washakie 905 Watie, Stand 907 Whitman, Marcus and Narcissa 909 Williams, Roger 911 Wilson, Richard 912 Winnemucca 914 Winnemucca, Sarah 915 Women of All Red Nations 916 Wovoka 917 Primary Source Documents 920 Iroquois Great Law of Peace 920 Rights, Duties and Qualifications of Lord 921 Christopher Columbus: Journal 923 Powhatan: Remarks to Captain John Smith 924 Massasoit Peace Treaty 924 John Mason: A Brief History of the Pequot War 925 William Johnson: Report Regarding the Iroquois Confederacy 928 Pontiac: Reasons for Making War on the English Speech 929 The Royal Proclamation of 7 October 1763 930 Fort Stanwix Treaty 931 Northwest Ordinance 932 Lewis and Clark Expedition: Journals 934 Tenskwataya (The Prophet): System of Religion Speech (1808) 935 Tecumseh: Speech to Governor William Henry Harrison 935 Johnson v. M’Intosh 936 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 938 Worcester v. Georgia 941 Andrew Jackson: Indian Removal Message to Congress 944 Cherokee Nation Memorial 947 Indian Removal Act 947 Black Hawk: Surrender Speech 948 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 949 Treaty of Fort Laramie 949 Chief Sea’th’l’s Farewell Speech 951 Sand Creek Massacre: Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War 953 Treaty with the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache 956 Treaty with the Navajo 958 Fort Laramie Treaty (1868) 960 Canadian Treaties Numbers 1 through 11 961 Two Moon: Account of the Battle of the Little Bighorn 967 Chief Joseph: I Will Fight No More Forever Speech 969 Helen Hunt Jackson: A Centuryof Dishonor 969 Ex Parte Crow Dog 971 William T. Sherman: Report on the End of the Indian Problem 973 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) 974 Sitting Bull: Speech on Keeping Treaties (1890) 976 Wounded Knee Massacre: Testimony of the Sioux (1890) 976 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock (1902) 978 Geronimo: His Own Story (1906) 980 Winters v. United States (1908) 983 Indian Citizenship Act (1924) 985 Meriam Report (1928) 985 Wheeler Howard (Indian Reorganization) Act (1934) 991 House Concurrent Resolution 108 (1953) 993 Public Law 280 (1953) 994 Indian Civil Rights Act (1968) 995 Alcatraz Proclamation: A Proclamation from the Indians of All Tribes (1969) 997 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971) 998 American Indian Movement: Three-Point Program (1973) 1001 Boldt Decision (1974) 1002 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975) 1007 American Indian Religious Freedom Act 1008 Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978) 1010 California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians (1987) 1012 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) 1013 Native American Languages Act (1990) 1015 United States of America v. Robert Lawrence Boyll (1991) 1016 Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act (1993) 1018 Bureau of Indian Affairs: Establishing the Existence of an Indian Tribe 1020 Navajo–Hopi Land Dispute Settlement Act of 1996 1023 Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997) 1024 Indian Nation Histories 1030 Native Americans of the Southwest 1031 Acoma Pueblo 1031 Apache, Chiricahua 1034 Apache, Cibecue 1036 Apache, Fort Sill 1036 Apache, Jicarilla 1036 Apache, Lipan 1037 Apache, Mescalero 1038 Apache, Mimbreño 1039 Apache, Northern Tonto 1039 Apache, San Carlos 1039 Apache, Southern Tonto 1039 Apache, Western 1039 Apache, White Mountain 1040 Chemehuevi 1040 Cochiti Pueblo 1041 Cocopah 1042 Havasupai 1043 Hopi 1045 Hopi-Tewa 1047 Hualapai 1047 Isleta Pueblo 1048 Jemez Pueblo 1049 Laguna Pueblo 1050 Maricopa 1051 Mojave or Mohave 1051 Nambé Pueblo 1053 Navajo (Dine’é) 1054 Papago 1057 Pecos Pueblo 1057 Pee-Posh 1057 Picuris Pueblo 1058 Pima 1059 Pojoaque Pueblo 1061 Quechan 1062 Sandia Pueblo 1063 Sand Papago, or Hia C-ed O’odham 1064 San Felipe Pueblo 1064 San Ildefonso Pueblo 1065 San Juan Pueblo 1066 Santa Ana Pueblo 1067 Santa Clara Pueblo 1067 Santo Domingo Pueblo 1068 Taos Pueblo 1068 Tesuque Pueblo 1070 Tigua 1071 Tohono O’odham 1072 Tortugas 1073 Walapai 1073 Yaqui 1073 Yavapai 1075 Yuma 1077 Zia Pueblo 1077 Zuni 1077 Native Americans of California 1080 Achumawi 1080 Barbariño 1081 Cahto 1081 Cahuilla 1082 Chilula 1084 Chukchansi 1084 Chumash 1084 Costanoan 1086 Cupeño 1087 Diegueño 1088 Hupa 1088 Jamul Indians 1090 Juaneño 1090 Kamia 1090 Karuk 1090 Konkow 1092 Konomihu 1092 Lassik 1092 Luiseño 1092 Maidu 1093 Mattole 1094 Mission Indians 1094 Miwok 1095 Monache 1096 Mono 1096 Nisenan 1097 Nomlaki 1097 Nongatl 1098 Obispeño 1098 Okwanuchu 1098 Patwin 1098 Pit River Indians 1098 Pomo 1098 Purisimeño 1100 Salinan 1100 Santa Barbara 1101 Serrano 1101 Shasta 1102 Sinkyone 1103 Smith River Indians 1103 Tache 1103 Tipai-Ipai 1104 Tolowa 1105 Tubatulabal 1106 Ventureño 1106 Wailaki 1106 Whilkut 1107 Wintun 1107 Wiyot 1109 Yana 1110 Ynezeño 1111 Yokuts 1111 Yurok 1112 Native Americans of the Northwest Coast 1115 Bella Bella 1115 Bella Coola 1116 Chehalis 1118 Chetco 1118 Chinook 1118 Comox 1120 Coosans 1120 Coquille (Mishikhwutmetunne) 1122 Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians 1122 Cowichan 1122 Cowlitz 1122 Duwamish 1122 Grand Ronde, Confederated Tribes of 1122 Haida 1122 Haihais 1125 Hoh 1125 Kikiallus 1125 Klallam 1125 Kuitch (Lower Umpqua) 1125 Kwakiutl 1125 Lower Umpqua 1127 Lummi 1127 Makah 1127 Muckleshoot 1129 Nisqually 1129 Nooksack 1129 Nootkans 1129 Oowekeeno 1131 Puyallup 1131 Quileute 1131 Quinault 1132 Salish, Central Coast 1132 Salish, Northern Coast 1135 Salish, Southern Coast 1136 Salish, Southwestern Coast 1139 Samish 1141 Sauk-Suiattle 1141 Shoalwater Bay 1141 Siltez, Confederated Tribes of 1141 Siuslawans 1141 Skagit 1142 Skokomish (Twana) 1142 Snohomish 1142 Snoqualmie 1142 Snoqualmoo 1142 Squaxin 1142 Steilacoom 1142 Stillaguamish 1142 Suquamish 1142 Swinomish 1142 Tillamook 1142 Tlingit 1143 Tsimshian 1147 Tulalip 1149 Tututni 1149 Twana 1149 Upper Coquille 1149 Upper Skagit 1149 Upper Umpqua 1149 Native Americans of the Great Basin 1152 Paiute, Northern 1152 Paiute, Owens Valley 1154 Paiute, Southern 1156 Shoshone, Eastern or Wind River 1158 Shoshone, Northern 1160 Shoshone, Western 1162 Shoshone, Wind River 1164 Ute 1164 Washoe 1166 Native Americans of the Plateau 1169 Cayuse 1169 Coeur d’Alene 1170 Columbia 1170 Columbia River Indians 1170 Colville 1170 Flathead 1171 Kalispel 1171 Klamath 1172 Klikitat 1173 Kootenai 1174 Lake 1174 Lillooet 1174 Modoc 1175 Nespelem 1176 Nez Percé 1177 Okanagon 1179 Pend d’Oreille 1179 Shuswap 1182 Sinkaietk 1182 Sinkiuse 1182 Spokan 1184 Thompson 1185 Umatilla 1186 Walla Walla 1187 Warm Springs Reservation, Confederated Tribes of the 1187 Wasco 1187 Wishram 1187 Yakima (Yakama) 1188 Alabama-Coushatta 1190 Native Americans of the Great Plains 1190 Apache, Plains 1190 Arapaho 1191 Arikara 1193 Assiniboine 1194 Atsina 1195 Blackfeet 1195 Blood 1198 Cheyenne 1198 Comanche 1200 Cree, Plains 1203 Crow 1204 Dakota 1207 Gros Ventres 1209 Hidatsa 1210 Hunkpapa 1212 Hunkpatina 1212 Ioway 1212 Itazipco (Sans Arcs) 1213 Kansa 1213 Kaw 1213 Kiowa 1214 Kiowa Apache 1216 Lakota 1216 Mandan 1222 Mdewkanton 1224 Métis 1224 Minneconjou 1224 Missouria 1224 Nakota 1225 Oglala 1226 Ojibwa, Plains 1226 Omaha 1229 O’ohenonpa (Two Kettles) 1230 Osage 1230 Otoe 1231 Pawnee 1233 Quapaw 1237 Santee 1238 Saulteaux 1238 Sicangu (Brulé) 1238 Sihasapa (Blackfeet Teton) 1238 Sioux 1238 Sisseton 1238 Stoney 1238 Teton 1238 Tonkawa 1238 Wahpekute 1239 Wahpeton 1239 Wichita 1239 Yankton 1240 Yanktonai 1240 Native Americans of the Southeast 1241 Alabama 1241 Biloxi 1242 Caddo 1242 Catawba 1243 Cherokee 1245 Chickasaw 1248 Chitimacha 1250 Choctaw 1250 Coushatta 1253 Creek 1253 Houma 1255 Lumbee 1256 Miccosukee 1257 Muskogee 1257 Natchez 1257 Pamunkey 1259 Powhatan 1259 Renápe 1261 Seminole 1261 Tunica 1263 Tuscarora 1264 Yuchi 1266 Native Americans of the Northeast Woodlands 1268 Abenaki 1268 Algonquin 1269 Anishinabe 1271 Brothertown 1273 Cayuga 1273 Chippewa 1275 Delaware 1275 Fox 1275 Huron 1277 Illinois 1277 Iroquois 1278 Kickapoo 1278 Lenápe 1280 Mahican 1282 Maliseet 1284 Menominee 1285 Miami 1287 Micmac 1289 Mohawk 1291 Mohegan 1294 Nanticoke 1294 Narragansett 1295 Ojibwa 1297 Oneida 1297 Onondaga 1300 Ottawa 1303 Passamaquoddy 1304 Penobscot 1305 Peoria 1307 Pequot 1307 Pokanoket 1309 Potawatomi 1309 Sauk 1311 Schaghticoke 1313 Seneca 1313 Shawnee 1317 Stockbridge-Munsee 1319 Tuscarora 1319 Wampanoag 1320 Winnebago 1321 Wyandotte 1323 Native Americans of the Subarctic 1327 Beaver 1327 Carrier 1328 Chilcotin 1330 Chipewyan 1332 Cree 1333 Dogrib 1337 Gwich’in 1338 Han 1340 Hare 1340 Ingalik 1341 Innu 1342 Kaska 1342 Koyukon 1344 Mackenzie Mountain People 1344 Nahani 1344 Naskapi/Montagnais 1344 Ojibwa, Northern 1346 Salteaux 1346 Sekani 1346 Slavey 1347 Tahltan 1349 Tanaina 1351 Tanana 1353 Tlingit, Inland 1353 Tutchone 1353 Yellowknife 1353 Native Americans of the Arctic 1354 Aleut 1354 Alutiiq 1354 Eskimo, Bering Strait 1356 Eskimo, Kotzebue Sound 1356 Eskimo, Nunivak 1356 Eskimo, Pacifi 1356 Eskimo, South Alaska 1356 Eskimo, Southwest Alaska 1356 Eskimo, Saint Lawrence Island 1356 Eskimo, West Alaska 1356 Iglulik 1356 Inuit, Baffinland 1358 Inuit, Caribou 1361 Inuit, Copper 1363 Inuit, Labrador or Ungava 1365 Inuit, Mackenzie Delta 1368 Inuit, North Alaska 1368 Inupiat 1368 Inuvialuit 1371 Netsilik 1373 Unangan 1376 Yup’ik 1379 Resources 1384 Discontinued Indian Mascots, 1969–2002 1385 Indian Mascots 1386 Tribal Governments in the United States, 2006 1387 Largest Tribes in the United States, 1980–2000 1412 National Indian Organizations 1413 American Indian Population 1860–1990 1415 Poverty on American Indian Reservations and Trust Lands 1415 Native American Terminated Tribes, 1955–1969 1425 Canadian First Nations 1426 Heads of Indian Affairs, 1824–2007 1450 Native American Treaties with the United States, 1778–1883 1452 Index 1458

this New Four-volume Encyclopedia Is The Most Comprehensive And Up-to-date Resource Available On The History Of Native Americans, Providing A Lively, Authoritative Survey Ranging From Human Origins To Present-day Controversies.

lura Sanborn - Library Journal

this Set Contains 450 Entries By 110 Contributors And Is Edited By Johansen (communication & Native American Studies, Univ. Of Nebraska, Omaha; the Native Peoples Of North America: A History) And Pritzker (native America Today: A Guide To Community Politics And Culture). Within The First Three Volumes, Entries Are Organized By Themes Including Issues, Events, Culture, Government, People, And Primary Sources. Such A Nonintuitive Arrangement Ensures The Cumulative Index (repeated At The End Of Each Volume) Will Be Well Used. Running Typically Between Two And Six Pages, The Entries Are Readable, Signed, And Include Both see Alsoreferences And Lists Of References And Further Reading. The Fourth Volume Focuses Solely On Providing-via One To Twopage Entries-information Describing Approximately 200 North American Indian Nations (lists Of References And Further Reading Are Lacking). Blackandwhite Images Appear Frequently Throughout The Volumes Without Full Citation Information; Indeed, Many Times The Image Source Is Simply Listed As The Library Of Congress Or, More Cryptically, Bettmann/corbis. Also Lacking Is A Cumulative Bibliography To Shed Light On The Precise Location Of The Images. Similarly (and Weirdly), The Primary Resource Entries Include Only Citation Information When The Primary Source Can Be Located Online. Although Appropriate For Preliminary Research, This Resource Is Likely Unnecessary For Budgetconscious Libraries Owning The Smithsonian's 20volume handbook Of North American Indiansand/or Collecting The Columbia Guide To American Indian History And Culture Series. Recommended Where Needed For High School, Undergraduate, And Public Libraries.

This new four-volume encyclopedia is the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource available on the history of Native Americans, providing a lively, authoritative survey ranging from human origins to present-day controversies.From the origins of Native American cultures through the years of colonialism and non-Native expansion to the present, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings the story of Native Americans to life like no other previous reference on the subject. Featuring the work of many of the field's foremost scholars, it explores this fundamental and foundational aspect of the American experience with extraordinary depth, breadth, and currency, carefully balancing the perspectives of both Native and non-Native Americans.Encyclopedia of American Indian History spans the centuries with three thematically organized volumes (covering the period from precontact through European colonization; the years of non-Native expansion (including Indian removal); and the modern era of reservations, reforms, and reclamation of semi-sovereignty). Each volume includes entries on key events, places, people, and issues. The fourth volume is an alphabetically organized resource providing histories of Native American nations, as well as an extensive chronology, topic finder, bibliography, and glossary. For students, historians, or anyone interested in the Native American experience, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings that experience to life in an unprecedented way. From the origins of Native American cultures through the years of colonialism and non-Native expansion to the present, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings the story of Native Americans to life like no other previous reference on the subject. Featuring the work of many of the fieldѫs foremost scholars, it explores this fundamental and foundational aspect of the American experience with extraordinary depth, breadth, and currency, carefully balancing the perspectives of both Native and non-Native Americans. Encyclopedia of American Indian History spans the centuries with three thematically organized volumes (covering the period from precontact through European colonization; the years of non-Native expansion (including Indian removal); and the modern era of reservations, reforms, and reclamation of semi-sovereignty). Each volume includes entries on key events, places, people, and issues. The fourth volume is an alphabetically organized resource providing histories of Native American nations, as well as an extensive chronology, topic finder, bibliography, and glossary. For students, historians, or anyone interested in the Native American experience, Encyclopedia of American Indian History brings that experience to life in an unprecedented way