Emerging Technology Trends in Electronics, Communication and Networking : Select Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, ET2ECN 2021

This book constitutes refereed proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Emerging Technology Trends in Electronics, Communication and Networking, ET2ECN 2021. The volume covers a wide range of topics, including electronic devices, VLSI design and fabrication, photo electronic systems and applications, integrated optics, embedded systems, wireless communication, optical communication, free-space optics, signal processing, image/audio/video processing, wireless sensor networks, next-generation networks, network security, and many others. The book will serve as a valuable reference resource for academia and researchers across the globe. Organization Preface Plenary Talk Keynote Speeches Contents About the Editors Electronics Comparative Analysis of Static Bias Methods for Basic Differential Amplifier 1 Introduction 2 Circuit Description 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Millimeter Wave Overmoded Circular Waveguide Tapers for ECRH Applications 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Approach 3 Design Approaches 4 Simulation Outcome 4.1 Down Taper Ø (85 to 63.5) mm 4.2 Down Taper Ø (63.5 to 31.75) mm 5 Comparison and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Analysis of Logical Effort-Based Optimization in the Deep Submicron Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Determining the Optimum PMOS-To-NMOS Ratio 3 Logical Effort Method 3.1 Logical Effort Parameters [2] 3.2 Delay Optimization Using Logical Effort [2] 4 Logical Effort Parameters for 180 and 16 nm Technologies 4.1 Logical and Parasitic Effort of Different Gates 4.2 Defining Τ 4.3 Delay Variation Due to Branching Effort (B) 4.4 Delay Variation Due to Parasitic Effort (P) 4.5 Delay Variation Due to Electrical Effort (H) 4.6 Comparison Between Electrical Effort (H) and Parasitic Effort (P) 4.7 Delay Variation Due to Logical Effort (G) 4.8 Delay Reduction Using Logic Effort-Based Optimization or Super Buffer Circuit [6] 5 Conclusion References A Single Electron Transistor-Based Floating Point Multiplier Realization at Room Temperature Operation 1 Introduction 2 Architecture of Floating Point Multiplier 2.1 Mantissa Block 2.2 Exponent Block 2.3 Normalization Unit 2.4 Overflow/Underflow Detection 2.5 Sign Block 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Comparison of Total Ionizing Dose Effect on Tolerance of SCL 180 nm Bulk and SOI CMOS Using TCAD Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Simulation of 180 nm SOI and SCL Bulk NMOS 3 Result and Analyses 3.1 Leakage Current 3.2 Threshold Voltage Shift 3.3 On/off Current 3.4 Transconductance (Gm) 3.5 Output Characteristics 3.6 Subthreshold Swing 4 Conclusion References Communication Performance Analysis of Corrugated Horn Antenna for Liquid Level Measurement Application 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Design and Simulation Results 4 Comparison and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Quad-Element with Penta-Band MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design and Evolution of the Proposed Antenna Structure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Quad Band Planar Monopole Antenna with Polarization Diversity for FSS and SAR Application 1 Introduction 2 Design Procedure of Antenna 3 Simulation Justifications and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Design and Comparative Analysis of Reconfigurable Antenna with Compound Reconfigurability 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Antenna Geometry 3 Results and Comparative Analysis 4 Conclusion References Fractal CSRR Metamaterial-Based Wearable Antenna for IoT Application 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design 3 Simulated Results and Analysis 4 Antenna Performance Under Bending Condition 5 SAR Calculations 6 Conclusion References GUI Development of IRNSS Receiver 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Infrastructure 2.2 RTKLIB 3 GUI Development and Results 3.1 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Discussion References A 1 Gbps VLC System Based on Daylight and Intensity Modulator 1 Introduction 2 Proposed VLC System 2.1 Block Diagram of Proposed Transmitter 2.2 Block Diagram of Proposed Receiver 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Performance of MISO Systems with Alamaouti Transmit Diversity and Antenna Selection in TDD and FDD 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of OFDM-Based Optical Wireless Communication System 1 Introduction 2 System Description 2.1 Rainfall Analysis 2.2 Fog Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 System Analysis Under Rainfall 3.2 System Analysis Under Fog Condition 4 Conclusions and Future Scope References Performance Comparison of Different Diversity and Combining Techniques Over Gamma–Gamma FSO Link 1 Introduction 2 Channel Model 3 System Model 3.1 Detection Rule 4 Diversity and Combining Techniques 4.1 SISO 4.2 Transmitter Diversity 4.3 Receive Diversity 4.4 MIMO Systems 4.5 Wavelength Diversity 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References Abstract Data Models and System Design for Big Data Geospatial Analytics 1 Introduction 1.1 Need Analysis 2 Related Work 2.1 Data Models 2.2 Analysis and Design of Geospatial Big Data Systems 3 Data Abstractions for Geographic Phenomena 3.1 Objects 3.2 Events 3.3 Processes 3.4 Relation Among Objects, Events and Processes 4 General Design of Big Data Geospatial Analytics System 4.1 Importing Data and Storing Raw Data 4.2 Common Considerations for Data Stores 5 Conclusion and Future Work 5.1 Summary 5.2 Conclusion and Future Work References Circularly Polarized Sector Patch Antenna with Fractal Defected Ground Structure 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design and Geometry 2.1 Mathematical Modeling of the Proposed Antenna 2.2 The Design Evolution of the Proposed Antenna 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Two-Element MIMO Antenna with Polarization Diversity for 5G Application 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design and Geometry 2.1 Mathematical Modeling of the Antenna 2.2 Antenna Design Evolution Stages 3 Performance Analysis of Single-Antenna Unit 4 Polarization Diversity MIMO Antenna Design 4.1 MIMO Antenna Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion References Networking Machine Learning-Based Investigation of Employee Attrition Prediction and Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Classification Algorithms 3.1 Random Forest 3.2 Logistic Regression 3.3 K-Nearest Neighbors 3.4 Naïve Bayes Classifier 4 Research Methodology 5 Proposed Work 5.1 Weighted Class 5.2 Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique 6 Results and Discussions 7 Observations and Conclusion References CNN-Based Leaf Wilting Classification Using Modified ResNet152 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Model Description for Leaf Wilting Classification 3.1 Model Selection 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Dataset Description 4.2 Model Training 4.3 Evaluation 4.4 Field Testing 5 Conclusion References Deep Learning-Based COVID-19 Detection Using Transfer Learning Through ResNet-50 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Design Tools and Technologies 3.1 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 3.2 Deep Neural Network 3.3 Residual Network 3.4 ResNet-50 Architecture 3.5 Transfer Learning 4 Methodology 4.1 Dataset and Data Processing 4.2 System Flow 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Cross-Validation 5.2 Performance of Deep Network Designer 6 Conclusion References OCR for Devanagari Script Using a Deep Hybrid CNN-RNN Network Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 The Devanagari Handwritten Character Dataset 2 Literature Review 3 Background Theory 3.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 3.2 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) 4 The Proposed Hybrid CNN-RNN Model Architecture 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Implementation Details 5.2 Accuracy Versus Epochs 5.3 Quantitative Results 5.4 Dealing with Custom Inputs 6 Conclusion References A Dataset Preparation Framework for Education Data Mining 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Education Data Mining 2.2 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) 3 IPEDS Dataset 4 Dataset Preparation Framework 5 A Case Study: Institute Graduation Rate Prediction Problem 5.1 Data Collection 5.2 Feature Analysis and Metadata Analysis 5.3 Feature Extraction Operations 5.4 Data Integration 6 Conclusion References Generative Adversarial Network-Based Improved Progressive Approach for Image Super-Resolution: ImProSRGAN 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 4 Experimental Analysis 4.1 Ablation Study 4.2 Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusion References Community Detection Using Label Propagation Algorithm with Random Walk Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Need Analysis 2 Related Work 2.1 Community Detection Approaches 2.2 Different Label Propagation Algorithm 3 Proposed Research Work 4 Methodology and Concepts 4.1 Random Walk 4.2 Label Propagation Algorithm 5 Execution and Implementation 5.1 Dataset Selection and Preprocessing 5.2 Evaluation Measures 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Comparative Analysis of Generative Adversarial Network-Based Single-Image Super-Resolution Approaches 1 Introduction 2 General Analysis 2.1 Super-Resolution Using Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) 2.2 Single-Image Super-Resolution with Feature Discrimination (SRFeat) 2.3 Enhanced Super-Resolution Using Generative Adversarial Network (ESRGAN) 3 Result Analysis 3.1 Quantitative Results 3.2 Qualitative Results 4 Conclusion References