Emerging Technologies for Developing Countries : 5th EAI International Conference, AFRICATEK 2022, Bloemfontein, South Africa, December 5-7, 2022, Proceedings

This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Developing Countries, AFRICATEK 2022, held in Bloemfontein, South Africa, in December 5-7, 2022. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: answer set programming; Education in the 4IR Era, Opportunities for driving Efficiencies and Effectiveness, Key 4IR Baseline Architectures, Application of 4IR in Environment and Agriculture Monitoring. Preface Organization Contents Education in the 4IR Era Reinforcement Learning in Education: A Multi-armed Bandit Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Recommender Systems 1.2 Multi-armed Bandits and Markov Decision Processes 2 Methods 2.1 MAB Student Intervention Recommendation Framework 2.2 Simulation Parameters 2.3 MAB Algorithms 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Assessing Institutional Readiness for the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Using Learning Analytics to Improve Student Experiences 1 Introduction 2 Decision-Making in Higher Education 3 Challenges with Decision-Making 4 Decision-Making Approaches 4.1 Data-Driven Decision-Making 4.2 Decision-Support Systems 4.3 Learning Analytics 5 Theoretical Framework 6 Methodology 6.1 Participants 6.2 Procedure 7 Results and Discussion 7.1 Personal Beliefs and Perspectives 7.2 Institutional Capabilities/Readiness – Systems in Place 8 Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations References M-learning During COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 First Stage. Collecting the Relevant Papers 2.2 Second Stage. Screening Using Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 2.3 Third Stage. Data Extraction 3 Classification Framework 3.1 A Summary of the Selected Papers 3.2 Structuring the Findings 4 Analysis and Discussion of Findings 4.1 Context 4.2 Opportunities (M-learning Resources) 4.3 Opportunities (Related to Students) 4.4 Opportunities (Related to Educators) 4.5 Opportunities (Related to Contents of M-learning) 4.6 Resources Challenges 4.7 Educator Readiness Challenges 4.8 Challenges Facing Students 4.9 Learning Content Challenges 4.10 Origin 5 Research Agenda 5.1 Context 5.2 Opportunities 5.3 Student Challenges 5.4 Educator Readiness 5.5 Learning Content 5.6 Origin 6 Conclusions and Implications of the Study References Opportunities for Driving Efficiencies and Effectiveness Archiving 4.0: Dataset Generation and Facial Recognition of DRC Political Figures Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Background and Literature 2.1 Face Detection and Face Recognition 2.2 Transfer Learning 2.3 Evaluation Metrics 3 Methodology and Data Acquisition 3.1 Methodology 3.2 Data Collection and Preparation 4 Performance Evaluation 4.1 Face Detection 4.2 Classification 4.3 Discussion of Results 5 Conclusion References On the Machine Learning Models to Predict Town-Scale Energy Consumption in Burkina Faso 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Data and Exploratory Analysis 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Exploratory Analysis 4 Modeling Framework 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Model in Identifying 4IR Research Trends 1 Introduction 1.1 An Overview of the Fourth Industrial Revolution 1.2 Topic Modeling 1.3 Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) 1.4 Dynamic Topic Models 2 Data and Methods 2.1 Data Sources 2.2 Text Pre-processing 2.3 Bibliometric Analysis 2.4 Analysis of the WoS Text Data Using Topic Models 2.5 Analyze Tccc-Announce Text Using Longer Phrases 3 Results 3.1 LDA Topic Models for WoS 3.2 Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Trends 3.3 Predict Top LDA Topics of Tccc Emails Documents 4 Discussion and Conclusion 4.1 LDA Topic Models for Decision Support 4.2 Further Work References A Conceptual Model for the Digital Inclusion of SMMEs in the Informal Sector in South Africa - The Use of Blockchain Technology to Access Loans 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 A Brief Overview of the Informal Sector in South Africa 2.2 Challenges in the Informal Sector: Lack of Credit Access 2.3 Blockchain Technology 3 Theoretical Framework 3.1 Supply Side of Digital Inclusion 3.2 Demand Side of Digital Inclusion 4 Conceptual Model 5 Conclusion, Limitations and Contribution of Study References Key 4IR Baseline Architectures Multiple Mobile Robotic Formation Control Based on Differential Flatness 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Motion Planning and Control 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusion References A Comparison of Publish-Subscribe and Client-Server Models for Streaming IoT Telemetry Data 1 Introduction 1.1 WebSocket 1.2 MQTT 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Throughput 4.2 Round Trip Time (RTT) 4.3 System Load 5 Conclusion and Further Work References Fourth Industrial Revolution Research Outputs in Africa: A Bibliometric Review 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 3.1 The Fourth Industrial Revolution Research Trends in Africa 3.2 VOSviewer Visualization Maps 4 Discussion 4.1 State of Fourth Industrial Revolution Research in Africa 4.2 4IR Trending Technologies and Research Trends in Africa 4.3 Research Gaps and Future Research Directions 5 Conclusion References Modelling DDoS Attacks in IoT Networks Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Pre-processing and Labelling 3.2 Supervised Learning 3.3 Unsupervised Learning 3.4 Semi-supervised Learning 3.5 Statistical Models 3.6 Prediction 4 Implementation 4.1 Metrics 4.2 Supervised Learning 4.3 Unsupervised Learning 4.4 Semi-supervised Learning 4.5 Statistical Models 4.6 Prediction 5 Conclusion References Application of 4IR in Environment and Agriculture Monitoring Towards a Microservice-Based Middleware for a Multi-hazard Early Warning System 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Microservices and Containers Management 2.2 Container Orchestration 3 Proposed Experimental Framework 3.1 Cluster Setup 3.2 Results 4 Conclusion References Indigenous Knowledge Mobile Based Application that Quantifies Farmers’ Season Predictions with the Help of Scientific Knowledge 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 NDVI 3.2 NDWI 3.3 NDMI 3.4 Mobile Application Development 3.5 Season Prediction 3.6 Certainty Level Computation 3.7 Next Season Prediction 3.8 SES Model 3.9 Downscaling of Predictions 4 SES Model Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Weed Identification in Plant Seedlings Using Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 System Architecture 3.2 System Methodology 3.3 Performance Metrics 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Results 4.2 Comparative Performance Evaluation 4.3 Weed Detection 4.4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Author Index