Emerging Respiratory Infections in the 21st Century (Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, Vol 24, Issue 3, Sep10)

Respiratory infections are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These infections present a special challenge to physicians for several reasons, including of the recent disasters caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and bird and swine influenza, the increase in viral and bacterial resistance to currently available anti-microbial drugs, the increased frequency of new viral lung infections in clinical practice, and the worldwide emergence of deadly drug-resistant forms of TB. For these reasons, it is important for infectious disease specialists to have an overview of emerging respiratory infections. "Respiratory infections are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As we enter the twenty-first century, several landmark events are unfolding in the area of respiratory infections. Some of these, by assuming the form of formidable disasters, have abruptly claimed lives and led to economic loss. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and bird and swine influenza. Viral and bacterial resistance to currently available antimicrobial drugs is thwarting efforts in the management of influenza and pulmonary sepsis. Newer and emerging viral lung infections are seen more frequently in clinical practice, including post-transplant viral infections other than cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. The frequency and diversity of serious fungal infections are increasing. Persons who are severely immunocompromised are particularly vulnerable to infection from unusual molds and yeasts that are often found naturally in the environment. Other respiratory infections pose continuous health care challenges. Examples include the changing demography of tuberculosis (TB) and emerging deadly drug-resistant forms of TB worldwide. Pediatric TB and elderly TB are on the rise and the problem of coinfection with HIV is proving difficult to diagnose and manage. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a therapy for autoimmune conditions results in reactivation of TB. In addition, occupational lung diseases due to airborne microbes constitute another problematic issue. Protozoal and helminthic lung infestations continue to be important clinical problems in many parts of the world. This issue of Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America is aimed at giving an up-todate and comprehensive overview of emerging respiratory infections in the twenty-first century through 14 articles written by authoritative experts from all around the globe."--Page xiii "Respiratory infections are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As we enter the twenty-first century, several landmark events are unfolding in the area of respiratory infections. Some of these, by assuming the form of formidable disasters, have abruptly claimed lives and led to economic loss. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and bird and swine influenza. Viral and bacterial resistance to currently available antimicrobial drugs is thwarting efforts in the management of influenza and pulmonary sepsis. Newer and emerging viral lung infections are seen more frequently in clinical practice, including post-transplant viral infections other than cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. The frequency and diversity of serious fungal infections are increasing. Persons who are severely immunocompromised are particularly vulnerable to infection from unusual molds and yeasts that are often found naturally in the environment. Other respiratory infections pose continuous health care challenges. Examples include the changing demography of tuberculosis (TB) and emerging deadly drug-resistant forms of TB worldwide. Pediatric TB and elderly TB are on the rise and the problem of coinfection with HIV is proving difficult to diagnose and manage. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a therapy for autoimmune conditions results in reactivation of TB. In addition, occupational lung diseases due to airborne microbes constitute another problematic issue. Protozoal and helminthic lung infestations continue to be important clinical problems in many parts of the world. This issue of Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America is aimed at giving an up-todate and comprehensive overview of emerging respiratory infections in the twenty-first century through 14 articles written by authoritative experts from all around the globe." - p. xiii Preface / Alimuddin Zumla, Wing-Wai Yew, David S.C. Hui Emerging bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory infections in transplantation / Shawn P.E. Nishi, Vincent G. Valentine, Steve Duncan Common and emerging fungal pulmonary infections / Li Yang Hsu, Esther Shu-Ting Ng, Liang Piu Koh Emerging and established parasitic lung infestations / Vannan Kandi Vijayan, Tarek Kilani Emerging, novel, and known influenza virus infections in humans / Julian W. Tang, Nandini Shetty, Tommy T.Y. Lam, K.L. Ellis Hon Severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus / David S.C. Hui, Paul K.S. Chan Respiratory infections due to drug-resistant bacteria / Jae-Hoon Song, Doo Ryeon Chung Occupation-related respiratory infections revisited / Daphne Ling, Dick Menzies Pulmonary infectious complications of tumor necrosis factor blockade / Robert S. Wallis, Neil W. Schluger The Convergence of the global smoking, COPD, yuberculosis, HIV, and respiratory infection epidemics / Richard N. van Zyl-Smit, Laurence Brunet, Madhukar Pai, Wing-Wai Yew Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: epidemiology and management challenges / Keertan Dheda, Robin M. Warren, Alimuddin Zumla, Martin P. Grobusch Childhood tuberculosis: an emerging and previously neglected problem / Ben J. Marais, H. Simon Schaaf Tuberculosis in the global aging population / Toru Mori, Chi Chiu Leung Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases / Babafemi Taiwo, Jeff Glassroth Emerging advances in rapid diagnostics of respiratory infections / David R. Murdoch, Lance C. Jennings, Niranjan Bhat, Trevor P. Anderson Antiviral drug resistance: mechanisms and clinical implications / Lynne Strasfeld, Sunwen Chou References......Page 0 1.pdf......Page 1 2.pdf......Page 2 3.pdf......Page 6 4.pdf......Page 21 5.pdf......Page 42 6.pdf......Page 66 7.pdf......Page 81 8.pdf......Page 101 9.pdf......Page 116 10.pdf......Page 142 11.pdf......Page 154 12.pdf......Page 165 13.pdf......Page 186 14.pdf......Page 209 15.pdf......Page 227 16.pdf......Page 248 17.pdf......Page 265