Emergency Guidance Methods and Strategies for Major Chemical Accidents

This book serves as a great reference for engineering technicians and researchers in a wide range of fields, including emergency management, public safety science, risk management, emergency communication, and transportation optimization. This book carried out researches about the public emergency behavior guidance strategies and methods for major chemical accidents. They put forward the classification model of emergency evacuation events, the selection of public emergency guidance strategies, the quantitative assessment of emergency response risk as well as the characteristics of sub-regional evacuation based on a wide range of theories, including safety engineering, social science, behavioral science, etc. Methods, such as case statistics and analysis, field research as well as modeling and simulation, were applied. Five chapters were covered by the book, including introduction of study background, statistics and analysis of hazardous chemical leakage accidents and emergency evacuation response in China in recent ten years, shelter-in-place risk assessment for high-pressure natural gas wells with hydrogen sulphide, dynamic emergency route planning, and characteristics analysis of sub-regional evacuation. Preface Contents 1 Why Do We Conduct the Study 1.1 Research Significance 1.2 Research Status and Development Dynamic Analysis 1.2.1 Research on the Law of Public Emergency Response Behavior 1.2.2 Research on Public Emergency Behavior Guidance Strategy 1.2.3 Research on Development Trends References 2 Hazardous Chemical Leakage Accidents and Emergency Evacuation Response from 2009 to 2018 in China 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methodology 2.2.1 Data Collection 2.2.2 Methods 2.3 Characteristics of Hazardous Chemical Leakage Accidents 2.3.1 Time Volatility of HCLAs 2.3.2 Provincial Location Distribution of HCLAs 2.3.3 Categories of HCLAs 2.3.4 Typical HCLA Analysis 2.4 Analysis of Various Categories of HCLAs 2.4.1 HCLAs in Road Transportation 2.4.2 HCLAs in Pipeline Transportation 2.4.3 HCLAs in Factories (Industrial Parks) 2.4.4 HCLAs in Civilian Residence 2.5 Evacuation Caused by HCLAs 2.5.1 Evacuation Situations Triggered by HCLAs 2.5.2 Evacuation Process and Level Analysis 2.5.3 Analysis of Factors Affecting Evacuation Levels 2.6 Framework of Integrated Management of Hazardous Chemicals 2.6.1 Management of HCLA 2.6.2 Emergency Protection Action in HCLA 2.7 Conclusions References 3 Shelter-In-Place Risk Assessment for High-Pressure Natural Gas Wells with Hydrogen Sulfide 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Risk Assessment of Sheltering-In-Place 3.2.1 Probability Calculation of Individual’s Emergency Response Action 3.2.2 Health Consequences Analysis 3.2.3 Determination of Acceptable Risk Level 3.3 Case Study 3.3.1 Preliminaries 3.3.2 Results of Shelter-In-Place Risk Assessment 3.4 Conclusions References 4 Dynamic Emergency Route Planning for Major Chemical Accidents: Models and Application 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Modeling of Dynamic Emergency Route Planning for Major Chemical Accidents 4.2.1 Formulation of Emergency Network 4.2.2 Objective Functions Considering the Impact of Secondary Disasters 4.2.3 Application in Emergency Response Risk Assessment 4.3 Algorithm for Emergency Route Planning 4.3.1 Model IV 4.3.2 The Proposed Method 4.3.3 Disposal Method in the Presence of a Bidirectional Arc 4.3.4 Correctness of the Proposed Algorithm 4.4 Computational Results 4.4.1 Introduction and Description 4.4.2 Illustration of Lemmas 4.2 and 4.3 4.4.3 Results for Major Accidents Without Secondary Disaster Risks 4.4.4 Results of Dynamic Route Selection for Major Accidents with Secondary Disaster Risk 4.5 Conclusions and Future Research References 5 Simulation and Analysis on Characteristics of Subregional Evacuation Based on Individual Behaviors 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Evacuation Time 5.1.2 Empirical Calculation of Evacuation Time 5.1.3 Simulation Modeling of Evacuation 5.2 The Evacuation Simulation of the Residential Community 5.2.1 The General Introduction of the Residential Community 5.2.2 The Selection and Setting of Analog Parameters 5.2.3 Analysis of Evacuation Simulation Results 5.3 Comparison of Simulation Results of Different Evacuation Scale 5.3.1 Comparison and Analysis of the Different Evacuation Time 5.3.2 Comparison of Evacuation Rate 5.3.3 Comparison and Analysis of Space Utilization 5.3.4 The Comparison and Analysis of the Densities of People 5.4 Study on the Loading Characteristics of Evacuation Network in Subregions 5.4.1 Influence Factors on the Loading Time in Urban Evacuation Road Network 5.4.2 The Estimation Method of Evacuation Time in Subregions 5.5 Conclusion References Appendix A Optimal Route Planning Results for Each Node Based on Model I and Model II Appendix B Multi-objective Optimization Results of Emergency Route Selected Based on Model III