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Embargo is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of oil sanctions. A group of authors, all of whom were intimately involved with the campaigning for and monitoring of the international oil embargo, reveals the story of South Africa's oil under apartheid from the first call for oil sanctions in 1960 to the final lifting in 1993. The book is aimed at readers interested in economic sanctions, the history of apartheid in South Africa, the international oil trade, and action-orientated research. Preface / Nelson R. Mandela -- Embargo: Apartheid's Oil Secrets Revealed -- 'the Last Peaceful Weapon' -- The Spear Of The Nation -- First Steps Of The Shipping Research Bureau -- Secrecy Is Essential -- South Africa's Lifeline -- The Anc, The Oil Embargo And The Srb -- Monitoring Invisible Trade -- Marc Rich: Fuel For Apartheid -- Shipping Companies -- Embargo Politics -- The Impact Of The Oil Embargo -- Annex: Fifteen Years Of Embargo Violations -- Enforcing Oil Sanctions: A Comparison Of The Rhodesian And South African Embargoes / Martin Bailey -- The United Nations And The Oil Embargo Against South Africa / Amer Araim -- Apartheid And The Cost Of Energy Self-sufficiency / Kevin Davie -- Drive Now And Pay Forever -- The Apartheid Way / Clive Scholtz -- Putting Money Over Mouth, Profit Over Principle: Arab And Iranian Oil Sales To South Africa / Tom De Quaasteniet And Paul Aarts -- A Defeat For The Shipping Lobby? The Norwegian Experience / Oystein Gudim. Shipping Research Bureau ; Edited By Richard Hengeveld And Jaap Rodenburg. Preface By President Nelson Mandela--p. Ix. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [377]-390) And Index. A comprehensive study, prefaced by Nelson Mandela, describing the success and failure of the oil sanctions against South Africa and how the evaders were exposed.