Electroweak-Interacting Spin-1 Dark Matter and Its Phenomenology. Doctoral Thesis accepted by Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

This book offers construction of a renormalizable effective theory of electroweak-interacting spin-1 dark matter (DM). The effective theory realizes minimal but essential features of DM predicted in extra-dimension models, and enables to systematically treat non-perturbative corrections such as the Sommerfeld effects. Deriving an annihilation cross section including the Sommerfeld effects based on the effective theory, the author discusses the future sensitivity of observations to gamma-ray from the Galactic Center. As a result, the author explains the monochromatic gamma-ray signatures originate from two photons (γγ) or photon and Z boson (γZ) produced in the process of DM annihilations, and concludes a possible scenario that unstable neutral spin-1 particles (Z') appear and results in a spectral peak in addition to the one caused by γγ and γZ channels in gamma-ray observations. If those two spectral peaks are observed, the masses of spin-1 DM and Z' would be reconstructed. Supervisor’s Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents 1 Introduction References 2 WIMP Dark Matter and Its Thermal History 2.1 Dark Matter Evidence and WIMP Hypothesis 2.2 Coannihilation References 3 Electroweak-Interacting Spin-1 DM 3.1 Motivation to Study Spin-1 DM 3.2 Spin-1 DM Candidate in Extra-Dimensional Theory 3.2.1 Universal Extra-Dimension 3.2.2 Minimal Universal Extra-Dimension 3.2.3 Warped Extra-Dimension 3.3 Non-abelian Vector DM Model 3.4 Simplified Model of Spin-1 DM in Extra-Dimensional Theory 3.4.1 Physical Spectrum 3.4.2 Couplings of V-Particles 3.4.3 Parameters and Constraints References 4 Non-relativistic Effective Field Theory for Spin-1 DM 4.1 Sommerfeld Effect 4.1.1 Philosophy of Effective Field Theory Approach 4.1.2 Non-relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics 4.1.3 Effective Interaction of NRQED 4.1.4 Threshold Singularity of Loop Corrections 4.2 Formalism 4.2.1 Derivation of Effective Action 4.2.2 Two-Body Potential for the Non-abelian Vector DM System 4.3 Cross Section Formulas References 5 Gamma-Ray Signatures and DM Spin Discrimination 5.1 Gamma-Ray from DM Annihilation 5.1.1 Indirect Detection Approach 5.1.2 Monochromatic Gamma-Ray Search 5.2 Monochromatic Gamma-Ray Search of Electroweak-Interacting DM 5.2.1 Line Cross Section 5.2.2 Constraint from Gamma-Ray Line Signatures References 6 Conclusions Appendix A Derivation of Effective Action A.1 Real Part of Potential A.2 Imaginary Part of Potential A.2.1 Matching Procedure A.2.2 Derivation of γγJ Appendix B Curriculum Vitae