Electropneumatics. Basic Level

Язык английский. В учебнике приведены терминология, основные понятия, графическое обозначение элементов электропневмоавтоматики, рассматриваются конструкция, принцип действия и методика расчета электрических преобразователей сигналов и датчиков сигналов. Описаны конструкции и даны характеристики электропневмораспределителей, свободно программируемых контроллеров и исполнительных устройств систем электропневмоавтоматики. Изложены рекомендации по выбору, расчету и проектированию электропневматических систем управления технологическим оборудованием. Даны численные примеры расчета основных элементов. Оглавление Contents ............................................................................................ 1 Preface ............................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1 – Introduction ...................................................................... 5 1.1 Applications of pneumatics............................................................... 6 1.2 Basic control engineering terms ....................................................... 8 1.3 Pneumatic and electropneumatic controllers ................................. 14 1.4 Advantages of electropneumatic controllers .................................. 17 Chapter 2 – Fundamentals of electrical technology........................ 19 2.1 Direct current and alternating current ............................................. 20 2.2 Ohm's Law...................................................................................... 22 2.3 Function of a solenoid .................................................................... 24 2.4 Function of a capacitor ................................................................... 26 2.5 Function of a diode......................................................................... 27 2.6 Measurement in electrical circuits .................................................. 28 Chapter 3 – Components and assemblies in the electrical signal control section.................................... 35 3.1 Power supply unit ........................................................................... 36 3.2 Push button and control switches................................................... 37 3.3 Sensors for measuring displacement and pressure ....................... 39 3.4 Relays and contactors.................................................................... 49 3.5 Programmable logic controllers...................................................... 55 3.6 Overall structure of the signal processing part ............................... 56 Chapter 4 – Electrically actuated directional control valves...........59 4.1 Functions ........................................................................................60 4.2 Construction and mode of operation...............................................62 4.3 Types and pneumatic performance data ........................................74 4.4 Performance data of solenoid coils.................................................83 4.5 Electrical connection of solenoid coils ............................................86 Chapter 5 – Developing an electropneumatic control system........89 5.1 Procedure for developing a control system.....................................90 5.2 Project design procedure ................................................................92 5.3 Sample application: project design of a lifting device .....................96 5.4 Procedure for implementing the control system............................109 Chapter 6 – Documentation for an electropneumatic control system................................113 6.1 Function diagram..........................................................................115 6.2 Function chart ...............................................................................119 6.3 Pneumatic circuit diagram.............................................................127 6.4 Electrical circuit diagram...............................................................144 6.5 Terminal connection diagram........................................................158 Chapter 7 – Safety measures for electropneumatic control systems..............................169 7.1 Dangers and protective measures ................................................170 7.2 Effect of electric current on the human body ................................172 7.3 Measures to protect against accidents with electric current .........175 7.4 Control panel and indicating elements..........................................176 7.5 Protecting electrical equipment against environmental influences..................................................181 Chapter 8 – Relay control systems ................................................. 185 8.1 Applications of relay control systems in electropneumatics ......... 186 8.2 Direct and indirect control............................................................. 186 8.3 Logic operations ........................................................................... 189 8.4 Signal storage .............................................................................. 192 8.5 Delay ............................................................................................ 198 8.6 Sequence control with signal storage by double solenoid valves ............................................................ 199 8.7 Circuit for evaluating control elements ......................................... 208 8.8 Sequence control for a lifting device ............................................ 211 Chapter 9 – Design of modern electropneumatic control systems ............................. 235 9.1 Trends and developments in electropneumatics.......................... 236 9.2 Pneumatic drives.......................................................................... 237 9.3 Sensors ........................................................................................ 245 9.4 Signal processing ......................................................................... 246 9.5 Directional control valves ............................................................. 247 9.6 Modern installation concepts........................................................ 251 9.7 Reducing tubing effort .................................................................. 261 9.3 Reducing wiring effort................................................................... 261 9.9 Proportional pneumatics............................................................... 270 Appendix ........................................................................................ 279 Index.................................................................................................... 281 Standards............................................................................................ 291 Скриншот