Electronic Voting: 8th International Joint Conference, E-Vote-ID 2023, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, October 3–6, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting held in Luxemburg in October 2023. The conference collected the most relevant debates on the development of Electronic Voting, from aspects relating to security and usability through to practical experiences and applications of voting systems, also including legal, social, or political aspects, amongst others. The 9 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The selected papers cover a wide range of topics connected with electronic voting, including experiences and revisions of the actual uses of E-voting systems and corresponding processes in elections. Preface Organization Contents Investigating Transparency Dimensions for Internet Voting 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Effects of Transparency on Trust 2.2 Conceptualisation of Transparency 2.3 Hypotheses 3 Methodology 3.1 Questionnaire Development and Testing 3.2 Study Procedure 4 Results 4.1 Analysis of the Reflective Measurement Model 4.2 Analysis of the Structural Model 5 Discussion and Conclusion A Appendix References OpenVoting: Recoverability from Failures in Dual Voting 1 Introduction 2 Design Requirements 3 Formalisation 4 The OpenVoting Protocol 4.1 Preliminaries 4.2 The Proposed Protocol 5 Security Analysis 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Adaptively Weighted Audits of Instant-Runoff Voting Elections: AWAIRE 1 Introduction 2 Auditing IRV Contests 2.1 Alternative Elimination Orders 2.2 Sequential Testing Using Test Supermartingales 3 Auditing via Adaptive Weighting (AWAIRE) 3.1 Eliminating Elimination Orders Using `requirements' 3.2 Adaptively Weighted Test Supermartingales 4 Analyses and Results 4.1 Data and Software 4.2 Comparison of Weighting Schemes 4.3 Using CVRs (Without Errors) 4.4 Using CVRs with Permuted Candidate Labels 5 Discussion References Online Voting in Ontario Municipalities: A Standards-Based Review 1 Introduction 2 Background and Preliminaries 2.1 Terminology 2.2 Information Collection About Ontario Municipal Online Voting Practices 2.3 Related Work 2.4 Compliance Categories 3 Summary of Findings 4 Analysis of Selected Directives 4.1 Directive Broadly Met 4.2 Directive Fully Met by Some Cities 4.3 Directive Partially Met by Most or All Cities 4.4 Directive Unmet: Meaningful Attempts from Some Cities 4.5 Directive Unmet by Almost All Cities 4.6 Directive Unmet by All Cities 4.7 Directive Unmet Due to Failure Within Provincial Jurisdiction 4.8 N/A—Outside of Expertise 4.9 N/A—Not Applicable to Ontario 4.10 N/A—Not Applicable to E-Voting 4.11 Information Not Available 5 Recommendations and Conclusion A Summary of Analysis References Coercion Mitigation for Voting Systems with Trackers: A Selene Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Our Contribution 2 Background 2.1 Notation 2.2 Cryptographic Building Blocks 3 Voting Systems with Trackers 3.1 The Syntax of Voting Systems with Trackers 3.2 Defining Security 3.3 The Voting Protocol 4 The Selene Voting System 4.1 The Voting System 4.2 Security Result 4.3 Proof Sketch 5 Other Variants of Selene References Verifiability Experiences in Ontario’s 2022 Online Elections 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Case Selection, Data and Approach 4 Findings 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Pretty Good Strategies for Benaloh Challenge 1 Introduction 2 Benaloh Challenge and Benaloh Games 2.1 Benaloh Challenge 2.2 Benaloh Challenge as Inspection Game 2.3 Are There Simple Rational Strategies to Cast and Audit? 3 Intermezzo: Game Theory Primer, Part One 4 Benaloh According to Nash 4.1 Deterministic Audit Strategies in Benaloh Games 4.2 The Rise and Fall of Backward Induction 4.3 Mixed Nash Equilibria in Finite Benaloh Games 4.4 Towards Natural Audit Strategies 4.5 Behavioral Audit Strategies are Simple Enough, but are They Good Enough? 5 Benaloh According to Stackelberg 5.1 Game-Theoretic Intermezzo, Part Two 5.2 Pretty Good Strategies Against Best Response 6 Conclusions, or What Do We Learn from That? References CAISED: A Protocol for Cast-as-Intended Verifiability with a Second Device 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Cast-As-Intended Verifiability: Generic Protocol 3.1 Basic Ballot Submission 3.2 Cast-as-Intended Verifiable Ballot Submission 4 Security 4.1 Zero-Knowledge Proof 4.2 Simulatability Towards Voting Server 5 Full Individual Verifiability 6 Instantiations References Estimating Carbon Footprint of Paper and Internet Voting 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Paper Voting Processes 3.1 Printing the Ballots 3.2 Transporting the Ballots to the Polling Stations and Back 3.3 Transporting the Voters and Polling Station Staff to the Polling Stations and Back 3.4 Transportation for the Home Voting 3.5 Running the Polling Stations 3.6 Disposing of the Ballots 3.7 Summary of CO2e Emissions for Paper Voting 4 Internet Voting Processes 4.1 Software Development 4.2 Running the Servers 4.3 Running the Client Applications 4.4 Disposing of the i-voting Artefacts 4.5 Summary of CO2e Emissions for Internet Voting 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions and Further Work References Author Index