Electronic Access Control, Second Edition

Electronic Access Control, Second Edition provides the latest advice on how to interface systems from multiple Electronic Access Control (EAC) manufacturers into a single cohesive system. The book shows how to provide integration, while also allowing building security managers to protect, control and manage their own users’ card data. This second edition details advanced card data management and advanced system access level management. Readers will be better able to manage their systems to protect the privacy of their cardholders’ private information, while providing much improved control over the security of their buildings. Like its highly regarded first edition, the book offers the complete picture on EAC for readers at any level of expertise. It provides comprehensive material on how to select, and interface to, the appropriate locking hardware, typically the most difficult responsibility for access control system designers, installers and end users. Provides a comprehensive understanding of Electronic Access Control (EAC) Systems to readers at any level, novices and experts alike Helps readers understand concepts for securing a facility, while providing transparent access to those who frequently, and legitimately, enter the facility Includes expanded information on system configurations, including user data security, access levels, access clearances and groups, and system interfaces Offers all new material on how to interface systems from multiple manufacturers into a single cohesive system Front Cover Electronic Access Control Copyright Page Contents I. The Basics 1 Introduction and Overview Chapter Overview Rules to Live By Who Should Read This Book? How Is Material Presented in This Book? What Will You Learn, and How Will It Help Your Career? What Is in This Book? Part I: the basics Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Part II: how things work Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Part III: The things that make systems sing Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter Summary 2 Foundational Security and Access Control Concepts Chapter Overview Understanding Risk Types of organization assets Types of users Types of threat actors Understanding criticalities and consequences Understanding vulnerability Understanding probability What is risk? Managing Risk Methods of managing risk How security and access control programs help manage risk Security program elements The importance of a qualified risk analysis The importance of security policies and procedures Types of Countermeasures Hi-tech Lo-tech No-tech Mixing approaches Layering security countermeasures Access Control System Concepts Types of users Types of areas/groups User schedules Portal programming Credential programming Group and schedule programming Chapter Summary 3 How Electronic Access Control Systems Work Chapter Overview First, a Little History The Basics Authorized Users, User Groups, Access Zones, Schedules, and Access Groups Authorized users User groups Access zones. Schedules Access groups Portals Types of portals Credential readers Electrified locks Safety systems Alarm monitoring Request-to-exit sensors Credentials and Credential Readers Credential authorization Locks, Alarms, and Exit Devices Electrified locks Alarms Exit Devices Data, Data Retention, and Reports Chapter Summary II. How Things Work 4 Access Control Credentials and Credential Readers Chapter Overview Access Credentialing Concepts Keypads Access Cards, Key Fobs, and Card Readers Wiegand Wire Cards 125K Passive Proximity Cards 125KHz (Low Frequency) Active Proximity Cards 13.56MHz (High Frequency) Contactless Smart Cards RFID Wireless Transmitter Systems Multitechnology Cards Mobile Phone Access Control Capture Card Reader Multitechnology Card Readers Biometric Readers Photo Identification Chapter Summary 5 Types of Access Controlled Portals Chapter Overview Portal Passage Concepts Card entry/free exit Card entry/card exit Tailgate detection Positive access control 2-Man rule Schedules Antipassback Pedestrian Portal Types Standard doors Automatic doors Revolving doors Turnstiles Man-traps Automated walls Vehicle Portals Standard barrier gates Automated vehicle swing gates Automated sliding vehicle gates Automated roll-up vehicle gates High-security barrier gates Sally ports Chapter Summary 6 Life Safety and Exit Devices Chapter Overview Life Safety First Security Versus Life Safety Understanding National and Local Access Control Codes and Standards NFPA 101 International building code NFPA 72 More on these codes UL 294 Life Safety and Locks Life Safety and Exit Devices Life Safety and Fire Alarm System Interfaces Chapter Summary. 7 Door Types and Door Frames Chapter Overview Basics About Doors and Security Standard Single-Leaf and Double-Leaf Swinging Doors Hollow metal doors Solid core wood doors Framed glass doors Unframed glass doors Total doors Pivoting doors Balanced doors Door Frames and Mountings Hollow metal-high-use and high-impact Aluminum-medium-use and medium-impact Wood-light-use and light-impact Door mounting methods Overhead Doors Roll-up doors Paneled overhead doors Revolving Doors Sliding Panel Doors Bifold and Fourfold Doors Chapter Summary 8 Doors and Fire Ratings Chapter Overview What Are Fire Ratings? Basic fire egress concept How should this be done? Exceptions Fire Penetration Ratings Hose stream test Door Assembly Ratings The three-fourths rule Doors with glass Temperature rise doors Louvers Fire Door Frames and Hardware Latching devices Fire exit hardware Pairs of Doors Latching hardware Inactive leaf on pair of doors Double egress pairs Astragals Smoke and draft control "Path of Egress" Doors Electrified Locks and Fire Ratings Additional References Chapter Summary 9 Electrified Locks-Overview Chapter Overview Why Electric Locks? Types of Electrified Locks How Electrified Locks Work Electric strikes Electrified mortise locks Electrified panic hardware Electrified cylinder locks Magnetic locks Electrified dead-bolts Paddle-operated electromechanical dead-bolts Lock Power Supplies Electrified Lock Wiring Considerations Voltage drop example Electrified Lock Controls Types of Locks Not Recommended Chapter Summary 10 Free Egress Electrified Locks Chapter Overview Types of Free Egress Locks Electrified Mortise Locks Mortise latch only-no lock. Mortise locks with no dead-bolt Mortise locks with dead-bolts Door frame considerations Additional lock switch fittings Door handing Electrified "Panic" Hardware Rim exit devices Mortise lock exit devices Surface-mounted vertical rod exit devices Concealed vertical rod exit devices Three-point latching exit device Exit device functions Electrical options Popular double door applications Electric Strikes Switches available for electric strikes Electrified Cylinder Locks Self-Contained Access Control Locks Chapter Summary 11 Magnetic Locks Chapter Overview Standard Magnetic Locks Standard magnetic lock applications Magnetic Shear Locks Magnetic shear lock applications Magnetic Gate Locks Cautions About Magnetic Locks Egress assurance Operational and maintenance warnings Chapter Summary 12 Electrified Dead-Bolt Locks Chapter Overview Surface-Mounted Electrified Dead-Bolt Locks Concealed Direct-Throw Mortise Dead-Bolt Lock Dead-Bolt Equipped Electrified Mortise Lock Top-Latch Release Bolt Electrified Dead-Bolt Gate Locks Electrified dead-bolt lock safety provisions Chapter Summary 13 Specialty Electrified Locks Chapter Overview Electrified Dead-Bolt-Equipped Panic Hardware Securitech Locks Delayed Egress Locks Specialize school locks to protect against active shooters Hi-Tower Locks CRL-Blumcraft Panic Hardware Chapter Summary 14 Selecting the Right Lockset for a Door Chapter Overview Standard Application Rules How to Select the Right Lock for Any Door Description of door Framed glass door Herculite lobby doors High-rise building stair-tower door Rear-exit door on warehouse with hi-value equipment Office suite door Double-egress doors-hospital corridor Inswinging office door. Revolving door-emergency egress side door Chapter Summary 15 Specialized Portal Control Devices and Applications Chapter Overview Specialized Portals for Pedestrians Automatic doors Man-traps Full-verification portals Electronic turnstiles Antitailgate alarm Specialized Portals for Vehicles High-security barrier gates Sally ports Chapter Summary 16 Industry History That can Predict the Future Chapter Overview A Little Background First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Stalled progress Fifth Generation Avoiding Obsolescence Planned obsolescence Unplanned obsolescence What the future holds Chapter Summary 17 Access Control Panels and Networks Chapter Overview Access Control Panel Attributes and Components Communications Board Power supply and battery Central processing unit Erasable programmable read-only memory Random access memory Input/output interfaces Access Control Panel Form Factors Access Control Panel Functions Access Control Panel Locations Local and Network Cabling Networking Options Redundancy and Reliability Factors Good wiring and installation Good design Good power Good data infrastructure Redundancy Chapter Summary 18 Access Control System Servers and Workstations Chapter Overview Server/Workstation Functions Store system configurations Store the system's historical event data Manage communications throughout the entire system Serve workstations with real-time data and reports Decision Processes System Scalability Unscalable Systems Basic scalability Multisite systems System-wide card compatibility Enterprise-wide system Master host Super-host/subhost Access Control System Networking The core network

Access Control Systems are difficult to learn and even harder to master due to the different ways in which manufacturers approach the subject and the myriad complications associated with doors, door frames, hardware, and electrified locks. Electronic Access Control consolidates this information, covering a comprehensive yet easy-to-read list of subjects that every Access Control System Designer, Installer, Maintenance Tech or Project Manager needs to know in order to develop quality and profitable Alarm/Access Control System installations. Within these pages, Thomas L. Norman, a master at electronic security and risk management consulting and author of the industry reference manual for the design of Integrated Security Systems, describes the full range of EAC devices -- credentials, readers, locks, sensors, wiring, and computers, showing how they work, and how they are installed. The book presents an arcane and complex subject with a conversational and layered learning approach that results in a thorough understanding of each point, thus offering quick career advancement potential to students and prospective security professionals.

• A comprehensive introduction to all aspects of electronic access control
• Provides information in short bursts with ample illustrations
• Each chapter begins with outline of chapter contents and ends with a quiz
• May be used for self-study, or as a professional reference guide

Electronic Access Control introduces the fundamentals of electronic access control through clear, well-illustrated explanations. Access Control Systems are difficult to learn and even harder to master due to the different ways in which manufacturers approach the subject and the myriad complications associated with doors, door frames, hardware, and electrified locks.

This book consolidates this information, covering a comprehensive yet easy-to-read list of subjects that every Access Control System Designer, Installer, Maintenance Tech or Project Manager needs to know in order to develop quality and profitable Alarm/Access Control System installations. Within these pages, Thomas L. Norman - a master at electronic security and risk management consulting and author of the industry reference manual for the design of Integrated Security Systems - describes the full range of EAC devices (credentials, readers, locks, sensors, wiring, and computers), showing how they work, and how they are installed.

• A comprehensive introduction to all aspects of electronic access control
• Provides information in short bursts with ample illustrations
• Each chapter begins with outline of chapter contents and ends with a quiz
• May be used for self-study, or as a professional reference guide

Electronic Access Control introduces the fundamentals of electronic access control through clear, well-illustrated explanations. Access Control Systems are difficult to learn and even harder to master due to the different ways in which manufacturers approach the subject and the myriad complications associated with doors, door frames, hardware, and electrified locks. This book consolidates this information, covering a comprehensive yet easy-to-read list of subjects that every Access Control System Designer, Installer, Maintenance Tech or Project Manager needs to know in order to develop quality and profitable Alarm/Access Control System installations. Within these pages, Thomas L. Norman – a master at electronic security and risk management consulting and author of the industry reference manual for the design of Integrated Security Systems – describes the full range of EAC devices (credentials, readers, locks, sensors, wiring, and computers), showing how they work, and how they are installed. A comprehensive introduction to all aspects of electronic access control Provides information in short bursts with ample illustrations Each chapter begins with outline of chapter contents and ends with a quiz May be used for self-study, or as a professional reference guide Covers a list of subjects that Access Control System Designers, Installers, Maintenance Techs or Project Managers need to know in order to develop quality and profitable Alarm/Access Control System installations. This book describes a range of Electronic Access Control devicesm, showing how they work and how they are installed.