Electrochemistry in transition : from the 20th to the 21st century : Symposium : 195th Meeting

This book originated out of the papers presented at the special symposium, "Electrochemistry in Transition-From the 20th to the 21st Century," scheduled by the Division of Colloid and Surface Science during the American Chemical Society meeting in Toronto. The symposium was in honor of Professor J. O'M. Bockris, who received the ACS award on "The Chemistry of Contemporary Technological Problems" (sponsored by Mobay Corporation) during this meeting and who also reached his 65th birthday in the same year. The symposium was of a multidisciplinary nature and encompassed the fields of theoretical and experimental elec­ trochemistry, surface science, spectroscopy, and electrochemical technology. The symposium also had an international flavor in that the participants represented several countries­ Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, England, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzer­ land, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, and the United States. The symposium was graciously sponsored by the ACS (Petroleum Research Fund and Division of Colloid and Surface Science), Alcan International, Dow Chemical Company, EG&G, Electrolyzer Corporation, Exxon, General Electric Company, IBM, Institute of Gas Technology, International Association of Hydrogen Energy, Johnson Matthey, Inc. , Kerr-McGee Corporation, Medtronics, and Texas A&M University (Center for Electrochemical Systems and Hydrogen Research and the Hampton Robinson Fund). The "theme" of the papers presented at the symposium covered not only significant contributions made to electrochemistry in the twentieth century, but also "New Horizons in Electrochemistry" for the twenty-first century. Thus, the scientists who presented papers were invited to contribute chapters to this book, having the same titles as the symposium. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Concept of Electrochemical Double Layer in the Case of Weakly Adsorbed Anions....Pages 3-20 Electroflotation From the Double Layer to Troubled Waters....Pages 21-37 Importance of Electrical Double Layer in Technological Applications....Pages 39-49 Electrochromism....Pages 51-62 Front Matter....Pages 63-63 Ellipsometry at Metal-Electrolyte Interfaces....Pages 65-72 Combined Ellipsometric and Reflectance Measurements for Characterization of Films Formed on Electrodes....Pages 73-80 In Situ SNIFTIRS and Radiotracer Study of Adsorption on Platinum: CF 3 SO 3 H and H 3 PO 4 ....Pages 81-89 Front Matter....Pages 91-91 Transition-Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for O 2 Electrodes: The Pyrochlores....Pages 93-106 Progress in the Studies of Oxygen Reduction during the Last Thirty Years....Pages 107-126 Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction on Iron in Neutral Aqueous Solutions: Oxygen Chemisorption Model....Pages 127-146 Rechargeable Manganese Oxide Electrodes and Cells....Pages 147-159 A Direction of Study of Electrocatalysis in Anodic O 2 Evolution through Characterization of Chemisorption Behavior of Intermediates....Pages 161-177 Quantum-Mechanical Formalisms of Electron Transfer Reactions at Electrode—Electrolyte Interfaces....Pages 179-190 Front Matter....Pages 191-191 Novel Approaches for the Study of Surface Structure and Reactivity of Semiconductor Electrodes....Pages 193-203 Photoelectrocatalysis....Pages 205-217 An Application of Optical Waveguides to Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Processes....Pages 219-225 Electrons, Interfaces, and Societies in the 21st Century....Pages 227-322 Front Matter....Pages 323-323 Comparison of Hydrogen with Coal and Synthetic Fossil Fuels....Pages 325-338 Adsorption and Absorption of Hydrogen in Metals FTIR and RT Approach....Pages 339-357 Investigations on the Fabrication of Active Electrocatalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation....Pages 359-369 Front Matter....Pages 323-323 Some Perspectives on Electroorganic Chemistry....Pages 371-379 Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide....Pages 381-396 Electrochemical Treatments of Wastes....Pages 397-408 Front Matter....Pages 409-409 Coherent Dynamics and Solitary Waves in Ordered Monolayers....Pages 411-417 Electrochemical Aspects of Bone Remodeling....Pages 419-426 Electrochemistry Applied to Medical Diagnostics....Pages 427-435 Utilization of Dissolved Oxygen in Water to Prevent Microbial Fouling on Metals....Pages 437-449 Front Matter....Pages 451-451 Identification of Phase Structure of Alloys by Anodic Linear Sweep Voltammetry....Pages 453-467 The Effects of the Slow Adsorption of Anions and Some Organics on Iron Dissolution Kinetics....Pages 469-477 Electroless Deposition of Metals and Alloys....Pages 479-497 Electrochemical Nucleation on Active Sites....Pages 499-508 Cathodic Reduction of Oxygen on a Partially Immersed Electrode in Chloride and Carbonate Melts....Pages 509-518 Front Matter....Pages 519-519 Spectroscopic Characterization of the Passive Film on Iron before and after Exposure to Chloride Ion....Pages 521-545 Corrosion of Thin-Film Storage Media: A Review....Pages 547-560 Characterization of Sulfide Mineral Surfaces....Pages 561-573 Front Matter....Pages 575-575 Electrode Kinetic and Electrocatalytic Aspects of Electrochemical Energy Conversion....Pages 577-602 XAS Techniques for Investigation of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage....Pages 603-618 Electrocatalysis on SPE Membrane Electrodes....Pages 619-628 Advances in Aluminum—Air Salt Water Batteries....Pages 629-639 Organic Electrolytes of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries....Pages 641-653 Front Matter....Pages 575-575 Mechanism of the Cathodic Discharge of MnO 2 in Alkaline Electrolyte....Pages 655-678 Back Matter....Pages 679-683