Electric Mobility in Public Transport―Driving Towards Cleaner Air (Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure)

"This book addresses various aspects of electric mobility deployment in public transport. These include transport policy-related issues as well as technical, organizational and technical dimensions of the fleet conversion process (from conventional one towards the increased share of electric vehicles in public transport). In the book, one may find, e.g. the determinants for the successful functioning of electrified transport systems (including charging facilities), models and methods for battery electric bus energy consumption, the analysis regarding the charging strategies (including power-grid) as well as electric vehicle battery issues. As the process of fleet conversion is multi-faceted, the book also contains the issues related to cybersecurity in public transport, autonomous vehicles and hyperloop. The book is dedicated to transport professionals, consulting companies and researchers in the field of electromobility and modern transport systems."-- Provided by publisher Preface Contents 1 Electromobility in Smart Cities Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The History of an Electric Car 3 Ecology and Automotive Industry 4 Electronics in the Automotive Industry (Selected Issues) 5 Vehicle Communication with the Global Network (Environment) 6 Augmented Reality (Selected Issues) 7 Autonomous Vehicles (Selected Issues) 8 Autonomous Vehicles in an Intelligent City 9 Car Power Supply: Intelligent Electrical Network 10 The Concept of Transport in Smart Cities 11 Examples of Vehicles for a Smart City 12 Final Remarks References 2 E-Mobility as a Concept of Public Transport Development in Poland Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Vehicles with an Electric Motor in Public Transport 2.1 Hydrogen Buses 2.2 Trolleybuses 2.3 Battery Electric Buses 3 Current State and Development Process 4 Summary References 3 Determinants for the Effective Electromobility Development in Public Transport Abstract 1 Role of Public Transport in Sustaining Mobility 2 Electromobility of Public Transport in the European Policy 3 Electromobility of Public Transport in Poland 4 Summary References 4 Determinants for the Effective Development and Operation of the Charging Infrastructure Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Role of the Public Sector in Charging Infrastructure Development 3 Charging Stations and Points with Limited Access: Residential Houses and Workplaces 4 Charging Infrastructure of Public Transport 5 Conclusions References Technical Issues Related to Electromobility in Public Transport 5 Electric Buses: A Review of Selected Concepts Solutions and Challenges Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Cost Analysis 3 Electric Buses Related Technology Issues 4 Estimation and Optimization of the Electric Buses Energy Demand for the Public Transport Network 5 Optimization of the Charging Schedule for Urban Electric Buses 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 6 Methodology for Probabilistic Assessment of Energy Consumption by Electric Buses on Routes Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Energy Consumption 2.1 Typical Approaches for Assessment 2.2 Action of Typical Factors 3 Experimental Study of the Electric Buses Produced by BKM Holding 4 Methodology for Assessing Energy Consumption 4.1 General 4.2 Application Example 4.3 Using the Approach 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 7 Scheduling and Balancing of Electric Buses’ Charging Operations in Public Transportation Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Definitions and Prerequisites 2.1 Charging Infrastructure 2.2 Power Providing Fee 2.3 Charging Operation 2.4 Vehicle Schedule 3 Charging Operations Scheduling 3.1 Metrics 3.2 Approach 3.3 Results 4 Charging Operations Balancing 4.1 Motivation 4.2 Concept and System Architecture 4.3 Objectives of Load Balancing 4.4 Load Balancing Algorithm 4.5 Evaluation 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 8 Evaluation of Alternatives for Realization of Opportunity Charging at Transit Stops by Analyzing the Power Grid Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Variants of Location Finding for Opportunity Charging Facilities 3 Initial Data Sets for Location Analysis for Charging Facilities 4 Problem Solution to the Minimization of Overall Connection Costs 5 Evaluation Method of Resulting Cost Figures Acknowledgements References 9 Application of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System in Electric Vehicle Simulation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Modeling and Formulation 2.1 Equivalent Circuit Model 2.2 Battery Selection 2.3 Thermal Effect 3 BTMS Design 4 Validation in BEB Running 5 Conclusion Acknowledgement References 10 Case Study and Cost Analysis of a Bus Fleet Electrification Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Electromobility for Public Systems—Literature Review 3 Case Study of Fleet Exchange Plan for Public Transport Service Provider Operating in the Given City 3.1 Bus Fleet Characteristic 3.2 Fleet Exchange Variants 4 Analysis of Air Quality for the Defined Fleet Exchange Plan 5 Financial Analysis for the Planned Vehicle Replacement Process 6 Summary References Look into the Future of Public Transport—Selected Issues 11 Cybersecurity in Electric Bus Public Transport Systems Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Cybersecurity and Digital Identity in Public Transport 3 Diagnosis of the IT Security of Public Transport 4 Description of Social Factors 5 Description of Technical and Organizational Factors 6 Description of Economic Factors 7 Description of Environmental Factors 8 Description of Political and Legal Factors 9 Risks 10 Summary References 12 Autonomous Bus Fleet in the Context of the Conventional-to-Electric Fleet Conversion Process Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Key Information on Technical and Operational Constraints of Battery Electric Buses 3 The Conversion Process Towards a 100% Electric Bus Fleet in Transit Companies 4 Autonomous Vehicles in Public Transport 5 Autonomous Buses in the Context of Bus Fleet Conversion Process 6 Summary Acknowledgements References 13 How to Connect Hyperloop Technology with the Smart City Transportation Concept Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Hyperloop History and Solution 2.1 Working of the Hyperloop System 3 Operation Potential of the Hyperloop Solution 3.1 Travel Time 3.2 Capacity 3.3 Construction on the Ground or Below Ground 4 Selected Technical Issues of Hyperloop 4.1 Safety and Security 4.2 Connecting the Cities (Hyperloop Development in UK) 5 Conclusions References