Eicosanoids And Radiation (prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, And Cancer)

Edited By Susan M. Fischer And Thomas J. Slaga. Includes Bibliographies And Index. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respec tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta glandin Ez (PGEz), prostacyclin (PGIz) and thromboxane Az (TXAz), whereas lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids Front Matter....Pages i-xi Prostaglandins and Radiation in Cell Culture....Pages 1-11 Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Metabolism: Intact Tissues....Pages 13-24 Radiation-Induced Alterations in Cyclooxygenase Product Release: An Overview....Pages 25-37 Irradiation and Blood Vessel Prostaglandin Metabolism....Pages 39-51 Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Eicosanoid Metabolism of Cells in Culture....Pages 53-60 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Eicosanoid Metabolism in Intact Skin....Pages 61-77 Protection against Ionizing Radiation with Eicosanoids....Pages 79-87 Protection of Radiation Damage by Eicosanoids-Clinical Studies....Pages 89-105 Radiation — Induced Genetic Damage and the Prostaglandin System....Pages 107-118 Radiation, Lipid Peroxidation and the Role of Oxygen Radicals in Eicosanoid Metabolism....Pages 119-131 Radiobiology of Blood Vessels....Pages 133-165 Dermal Damage from Ultraviolet Radiation....Pages 167-177 Back Matter....Pages 179-195 Edited By William E.m. Lands. Includes Bibliographies And Index. Edited By J.s. Goodwin. Includes Bibliographies And Index.