Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation, and Radiation Injury, 4

Since their discovery over sixty years ago, eicosanoids have come to represent a diverse family of bioactive lipid modulators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, isoprostanes, hepoxilins, hydroxy acids, epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids. This book contains conference presentations regarding the regulation of eicosanoid enzymes and, in particular, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and phospholipases. In addition, recent evidence over the last seven years has led to the identification of a number of receptors for these bioactive lipids. The new field of isoprostanes is also represented. It has become increasingly evident that eicosanoids play a critical role in signal transduction, both in normal cells and in pathological processes. These aspects are discussed in relation to cellular events, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cancer prevention and treatment. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Function and Regulation of Prostaglandin Synthase 2....Pages 3-8 Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by the Activated p38 Mapk Signaling Pathway....Pages 9-15 Fatty Acid Cyclooxygenase Induction and Prostaglandin D Synthesis in a Human Megakaryoblastic Cell Line CMK Differentiated by Phorbol Ester....Pages 17-21 Eicosanoid Metabolism in Human Platelets is Modified by Albumin....Pages 23-27 Diverse Functional Coupling of Prostanoid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Various Cell Types....Pages 29-35 Regulation of Prostaglandin, Leukotriene, and Platelet-Activating Factor Metabolism in Mast Cells....Pages 37-42 Lipid Peroxides and Neuronal Plasticity....Pages 43-48 Secretion of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase (β-Trace) from Human Heart to Plasma During Coronary Circulation....Pages 49-54 Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D Synthase (β-Trace) Binds Non- Substrate Lipophilic Ligands....Pages 55-60 Features of Mammalian Lipoxygenases....Pages 61-66 Identification and Characterization of an Enhancer Sequence in the Promoter Region of Human 15-Lipoxygenase ( 15-LO ) Gene....Pages 67-74 Cytokine Induced Regulation of 15-Lipoxygenase and Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase in Mammalian Cells....Pages 75-81 Investigation of a Second 15 S -Lipoxygenase in Humans and its Expression in Epithelial Tissues....Pages 83-89 Sequence Determinants for the Positional Specificity of Mammalian and Plant Lipoxygenases....Pages 91-97 X-Ray Absorption Studies into the iron Ligand Sphere of Plant and Animal Lipoxygenases....Pages 99-104 Regulation of 5-Lipoxygenase mRNA Expression in the Human Monocytic Cell Line Mono Mac 6 by Transforming Growth Factor-ß and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ....Pages 105-111 Front Matter....Pages 113-113 Comparison of Prostaglandin H Synthase-1 and -2 Structural Stabilities....Pages 115-118 Modulation of the Expression of the Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 Genes in Rat Mammary Glands: Role of Hormonal Status and Dietary Fat....Pages 119-124 Regulation of Cerebrovascular Cyclooxygenase-2 by Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines....Pages 125-129 Visualization and Quantitation of Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Activity by Digital Fluorescence Microscopy.....Pages 131-137 Front Matter....Pages 113-113 Discovery of a New Class of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor that Covalently Modifies the Isozyme....Pages 139-143 Mitigation of Arthritis by High-Dose Administration of a COX-2 Inhibitor in the Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model in the Mouse....Pages 145-150 Indomethacin Inhibition of Pristane Plasmacytomagenesis in Genetically Susceptible Inbred Mice....Pages 151-156 Role of COX-2 Inhibition on the Formation and Healing of Gastric Ulcers Induced by Indomethacin in the Rat....Pages 157-163 Regulation of in Vivo Prostaglandin Biosynthesis by Glutathione....Pages 165-168 Different Effects of Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates on Prostaglandin E 2 Synthesis in Cultured Rat Microglia and Raw 264.7 Cells....Pages 169-174 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 Activation of cPLA 2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 177-182 Role of Type IIA Secretory Phospholipase A 2 in Arachidonic Acid Metabolism....Pages 183-188 Phospholipase A 2 is Involved in Chemotaxis Of Human Leukocytes....Pages 189-197 Supression of Acute Experimental Inflammation by Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Secretory Phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ) IN VITRO and IN VIVO Experiments....Pages 199-207 Comparison Of Recombinant Types IIA, V And IIC Phospholipase A 2 S, the Three Related Mammalian Secretory Phospholipase A 2 Isozymes....Pages 209-214 Respective Roles of the 14 KDA and 85 KDA Phospholipase A 2 Enzymes in Human Monocyte Eicosanoid Formation....Pages 215-219 Modulation of Long-Term Potentiation in the CA1 Area of Rat Hippocampus by Platelet-Activating Factor....Pages 221-227 Front Matter....Pages 229-229 Ppars: Nuclear Receptors for Fatty Acids Eicosanoids, and Xenobiotics....Pages 231-236 Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Leukotriene B 4 Receptor....Pages 237-244 Determinants of Receptor Subtype Specificity in the LPA-Like Lipid Mediator Family....Pages 245-251 Subunits and Cellular Occurrence of the 12(S)-Hete Binding Complex....Pages 253-258 A Subfamily of G Protein-Coupled Cellular Receptors for Lysophospholipids and Lysosphingolipids....Pages 259-264 Evidence for Involvement of Prostaglandin I 2 as a Major Nociceptive Mediator in Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing Reaction: a Study Using IP-Receptor Disrupted Mice....Pages 265-268 Local Anesthetic Effects on TXA 2 Receptor Mediated Platelet Aggregation Using Quenched Flow Aggregometry....Pages 269-276 Front Matter....Pages 229-229 Volatile and Local Anesthetics Interfere with Thromboxane A 2 Receptors Recombinantly Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes....Pages 277-283 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 Aspirin-Triggered 15-Epi-Lipoxin A 4 and Novel Lipoxin B 4 Stable Analogs Inhibit Neutrophil-Mediated Changes in Vascular Permeability....Pages 287-293 Cleavage of Leukotriene D 4 in Mice with Targeted Disruption of a Membrane-Bound Dipeptidase Gene....Pages 295-300 γ-Glutamyl Leukotrienase Cleavage of Leukotriene C 4 ....Pages 301-306 LTE 4 Blood Levels in Infants with Congenital Heart Lesions....Pages 307-311 Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activity of the Pure Cysteinyl-Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists CGP 45715A (Iralukast) and CGP 57698 in Human Airways....Pages 313-318 Evidence for a Carbocation Intermediate in the Enzymatic Transformation of Leukotriene A 4 Into Leukotriene B 4 ....Pages 319-325 A Random Rapid Equilibrium Mechanism for Leukotriene C 4 Synthase....Pages 327-332 Front Matter....Pages 333-333 Formation of Reactive Products of the Isoprostane Pathway: Isolevuglandins and Cyclopentenone Isoprostanes....Pages 335-341 Formation of Novel Isoprostane-Like Compounds from Docosahexaenoic Acid....Pages 343-347 Front Matter....Pages 349-349 cDNA Cloning, Expression and Chromosomal Localization of Two Human Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferases....Pages 351-356 The First Cloned and Identified Lysophospholipid (LP) Receptor Gene, VZG-1 : Implications for Related Receptors and the Nervous System....Pages 357-362 Front Matter....Pages 363-363 Involvement of Protein Kinase C, P38 Map Kinase and ERK in Arachidonic Acid-Stimulated Superoxide Production in Human Neutrophils....Pages 365-370 13(S)-Hpode Augments Epidermal Growth Factor Signal Transduction by Attentuating EGF Receptor Dephosphorylation....Pages 371-376 Role of Lipoxygenase in the Regulation of Glucose Transport in Aortic Vascular Cells....Pages 377-383 Functions of the P21-Activated Protein Kinases (Paks) in Neutrophils and their Regulation by Complex Lipids....Pages 385-390 Inhibition of Neurofibromin and p120 GTPASE Activating Protein (GAP) by Dietary Fatty Acids....Pages 391-398 Front Matter....Pages 399-399 Spinal Synthesis and Release of Prostanoids After Peripheral Injury and Inflammation....Pages 401-408 Prostaglandin E2 as a Modulator of Lymphocyte Mediated Inflammatory and Humoral Responses....Pages 409-412 Lipid Mediators Stimulate Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Immortalized Human Keratinocytes....Pages 413-418 Front Matter....Pages 399-399 Nitric Oxide Synthesis is Increased in Periodontitis....Pages 419-424 Augmentation Effects of High Glucose on Endotoxin-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Murine Macrophages....Pages 425-430 1,2-Diacylglycerol Hydroperoxide Induces the Generation and Release of Superoxide Anion from Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes....Pages 431-436 Kinetic Evaluation of Endogenous Leukotriene B4 Ande4 Acute Activation of Inflammatory Cells in the Rabbit....Pages 437-441 Lipopolysaccharide- and Liposome-Encapsultaed MTP-PE- Induced Formation of Eicosanoids, Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Macrophages....Pages 443-448 LTA4 Hydrolase Expression During Glomerular Inflammation: Correlation of Immunohistochemical Localization with Cytokine Regulation....Pages 449-454 12-Lipoxygenase Products Increase Monocyte: Endothelial Interactions....Pages 455-460 Front Matter....Pages 461-461 Linoleic Acid Metabolites in Health and Disease....Pages 463-469 Toxicity of Linoleic Acid Metabolites....Pages 471-477 Dramatic Increase of Linolelic Acid Peroxidation Products by Aging, Atherosclerosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis....Pages 479-483 Modulation of Atherogenesis by Dietary Gamma-Linolenic Acid....Pages 485-491 The Selective Cytotoxicity of γ-Linolenic Acid (GLA) is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress....Pages 493-498 γ-Linolenic Acid (GLA)-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells....Pages 499-504 Five-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Reduce Panc-1 Survival: Synergism of MK886 with Gamma Linolenic Acid....Pages 505-510 Front Matter....Pages 511-511 Enzymological and Molecular Biological Studies on Anandamide Amidohydrolase....Pages 513-518 A Pathway for the Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid Amides....Pages 519-525 Investigation of Structural Analogs of Prostaglandin Amides for Binding to and Activation of CB 1 and CB 2 Cannabinoid Receptors in Rat Brain and Human Tonsils....Pages 527-533 Hepoxilin A 3 is Metabolized Into its ω-Hydroxy Metabolite by Human Neutrophils....Pages 535-538 Oxidation of Arachidonate Containing Glycerophospholipids in Intact Red Blood Cells and Red Blood Cell Membranes with Tert-Butylhydroperoxide....Pages 539-545 Cannabinoid Modulation of Neuronal Activity in Adult Rat Hippocampus....Pages 547-552 Front Matter....Pages 553-553 Cyclooxygenase-Independent Induction of P2L WAF-1/CIP1 , Apoptosis and Differentiation by L-745, 337 and Salicylate in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells....Pages 555-561 Modulation of Cellular Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis in a Human Lymphoma Cell Line After Treatment with Selective Lipoxygenase Inhibitors....Pages 563-568 Mechanisms of Peroxynitrite-Induced Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells....Pages 569-575 Central Role of Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase in the Regulation of Cell Growth and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells....Pages 577-582 Role of Autocrine Motility Factor in a 12-Lipoxygenase Dependent Anti-Apoptotic Pathway....Pages 583-590 Front Matter....Pages 591-591 The Possible Involvement of 15-Lipoxygenase/Leukocyte Type 12- Lipoxygenase in Colorectal Carcinogenesis....Pages 593-598 Induction of Leukotriene B 4 Metabolism by Cancer Chemopreventive Agents....Pages 599-605 Intestinal Tumor Load in the Min /+ Mouse Model is not Correlated with Eicosanoid Biosynthesis....Pages 607-615 12-Lipoxygenase Expression in Human Melanoma Cell Lines....Pages 617-622 Platelet-Type 12-Lipoxygenase Regulates Angiogenesis in Human Prostate Carcinoma....Pages 623-630 Prostaglandin H Synthase and Lipoxygenase Mediated Activation of Xenobiotics in Platelets....Pages 631-637 Characterization of Two Spliced Variants of Human Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase cDNAs that are Differentially Expressed in Normal and Tumor Cells....Pages 639-646 Eicosapentaenoic Acid Alters Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Immunoreactive Protein Levels in Normal But not Maligant Central Nervous System Derived Cells....Pages 647-653 Gamma Radiation and Release of Norepinephrine in the Hippocampus....Pages 655-659 Front Matter....Pages 661-661 (3R)-Hydroxy-Oxylipins—A Novel Family of Oxygenated Polyenoic Fatty Acids of Fungal Origin....Pages 663-668 Eicosanoids in the Brain of Warm- and Cold-Acclimated Bullfrogs....Pages 669-674 Production of 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids by the Yeast Dipodascopsis Uninucleata. Biological Implications....Pages 675-677 Catalytic Properties of Linoleate Diol Synthase of the Fungus Gaeumannomyces Graminis: A Comparison with PGH Synthases....Pages 679-685 Back Matter....Pages 687-699