نظارت مؤثر: حمایت از هنر و علم تدریس

It's true that even modest improvements in teacher effectiveness can lead to impressive gains in student achievement. But what hasn't been clear is what exactly district leaders should do to encourage and support teachers in practicing the art and science of great teaching ... until now. Like in his landmark book "The Art and Science of Teaching", Robert Marzano and his co-authors once again make a definitive case based on extensive research. Find out what it takes to create a teacher supervision and evaluation system that's more apt to lead to higher student achievement, including: (1) Five school-level conditions that are essential to systematically developing teacher expertise; (2) Four domains of teaching practice that provide a focus for instructional improvement; and (3) Five ways to provide teacher feedback that avoids the pitfalls of a checklist approach. Going way beyond scripted observation routines and typical value-added measurements of teacher effectiveness, the authors open your eyes to broad principles of effective supervision that apply to all kinds of schools: (1) Why it's so important for teachers to have opportunities to observe and interact with other teachers; (2) Which types of assessments are most apt to provide evidence of student achievement gains; (3) Why recognition rather than money is more apt to motivate teachers to increase their expertise; and (4) How to engage teachers in focused practice that helps them chart their development in specific classroom strategies and behaviors

In Effective Supervision, Robert J. Marzano, Tony Frontier, and David Livingston show school and district-level administrators how to set the priorities and support the practices that will help all teachers become expert teachers. Their five-part framework is based on what research tells us about how expertise develops. When these five conditions are attended to in a systematic way, teachers do improve their skills:

* A well-articulated knowledge base for teaching
* Opportunities for teachers to practice specific strategies or behaviors and to receive feedback
* Opportunities for teachers to observe and discuss expertise
* Clear criteria for success and help constructing professional growth and development plans
* Recognition of the different stages of development progressing toward expertise.

The focus is on developing a collegial atmosphere in which teachers can freely share effective practices with each other, observe one another's classrooms, and receive focused feedback on their teaching strategies. The constructive dynamics of this approach always keep in sight the aim of enhancing students' well-being and achievement. As the authors note, The ultimate criterion for expert performance in the classroom is student achievement. Anything else misses the point.

In Effective Supervision , Robert J. Marzano, Tony Frontier, and David Livingston show school and district-level administrators how to set the priorities and support the practices that will help all teachers become expert teachers. Their five-part framework is based on what research tells us about how expertise develops. When these five conditions are attended to in a systematic way, teachers do improve their * A well-articulated knowledge base for teaching * Opportunities for teachers to practice specific strategies or behaviors and to receive feedback * Opportunities for teachers to observe and discuss expertise * Clear criteria for success and help constructing professional growth and development plans * Recognition of the different stages of development progressing toward expertise. The focus is on developing a collegial atmosphere in which teachers can freely share effective practices with each other, observe one another's classrooms, and receive focused feedback on their teaching strategies. The constructive dynamics of this approach always keep in sight the aim of enhancing students' well-being and achievement. As the authors note, "The ultimate criterion for expert performance in the classroom is student achievement. Anything else misses the point." Effective Supervision shows school and district-level administrators how to set the priorities and support the practices that will help all teachers become expert teachers. The focus is on developing a collegial atmosphere in which teachers can freely share effective practices with each other, observe one another's classrooms, and receive focused feedback on their teaching strategies. --from publisher description