Edexcel GCE History AS Unit 2 D2 Britain and the Nationalist Challenge in India 1900-47: Unit 2

Edexcel's own course for GCE History. Edexcel GCE History is a new series for Edexcel's new exam specification for 2008. This Student Book is packed full of exam tips and activities, so students can be sure they will develop all the historical skills and understanding they need. Written by experienced examiners and teachers, and tailored to the new Edexcel specification, this book provides an active, engaging approach that brings History alive in the classroom! Exam tips, activities and sources in every chapter give students the confidence to tackle all the questions that come up in the exam. Carefully written material ensures the right level of support at AS. Contents 4 Introduction 6 1 From East India Company to Raj 10 How and why did the British become involved in India? 12 How powerful was the Mughal Empire? 16 What was the reaction of the East India Company to the collapse of the Mughal Empire? 19 2 Snapshot 1900: Life in the Raj 25 Indian society: structure and assumptions 26 How was India used to serve Britain's interests? 29 What were the attitudes of Indians towards the British Raj? 36 3 How was India governed in 1900? 39 The Raj 40 Case Study: George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India 1898-1905 42 The Indian Civil Service 46 How much of India did the British govern? 50 Was power-sharing a possibility? 52 How limited was the Raj? 53 4 Change and Continuity 1900-19 56 Indian nationalism 57 What was the impact of the First World War on India? 68 Edward Montagu, Lord Chelmsford and the Government of India Act 1919 75 What were the effects of the Rowlatt Acts? 78 5 Flashpoint: The Amritsar Massacre 80 Case study: the Amritsar Massacre - tensions revealed? 81 6 Gandhi, swaraj and the Congress Party 96 Unpromising beginnings 97 How important was Gandhi's South African experience? 98 What was Gandhi's philosophy? 99 How did Gandhi become leader of Congress? 100 How effective was Gandhi's civil disobedience campaign of 1920-22? 106 7 Retrenchment in the 1920s 111 How did Congress consolidate its position in the 1920s? 112 The Simon Commission and its impact 115 The Salt March 122 The Civil Disobedience Campaign 124 8 Jinnah and the idea of separateness 129 Why did Hindus and Muslims clash? 130 How did the Muslim minority impact on political decision-making? 134 The parting of ways? 139 9 Consultation and conflict in the 1930s 143 The Britain-India relationship 144 Why was the Government of India Act passed in 1935? 149 What was the impact of the Government of India Act? 150 10 The impact of the early years of the Second World War 156 How did Congress and the Muslim League react to the outbreak of war in 1939? 157 Why did the Cripps Mission fail? 165 What was the impact of Gandhi's 'Quit India' campaign? 166 How did the Muslim League handle the war? 169 11 The end of the Raj: dreams and nightmares 172 Viceroy Archibald Wavell 173 Why was the British government ready to grant Indian independence after 1945? 176 Political manoeuvrings 178 The Cabinet Mission 181 What were the effects of direct action? 183 Why, and with what success, was India partitioned in 1947? 185 Epilogue 197 Thematic review: source-based debate and evaluation 199 Exam zone 201 Glossary 209 Index 212 Written by experienced examiners and teachers, and tailored to the fresh Edexcel specification, this book presents an active, engaging approach that brings History alive in the classroom. It features exam tips, activities and sources in every chapter that give students the confidence to tackle various questions which come up in the exam.