Economics and Finance Readings : Selected Papers From Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance, 2022

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APEF Advisory Board Preface East Asia Research (EAR) Contents About the Editors Digital Renminbi: Impacts on Economic Integration of the Greater Bay Area 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Optimum Currency Area and Economic Integration 2.2 Symmetry of Shocks 2.3 Research on Currency Integration of Renminbi, Hong Kong Dollar and Macau Pataca 2.4 Assessment of Economic Integration Using a Price-Based Approach 3 Theoretical Basis 4 Empirical Analysis 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Results and Findings 5 Concluding Remarks References Proposition of Development and Growth Through Economic Development Index 1 Introduction 2 Economic Development Index 3 Conclusion References A European Study on Financial Risk Attitude and Cognitive Decline in Aging Societies 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Data 2.2 Eligibility Criterion 2.3 Cognition 2.4 Risk Attitude 2.5 The Econometric Model 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References Research on the Impact of Consumer Innovation on Purchase Intention of New Energy Vehicles—Regulated Intermediary Effect 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Assumptions 2.1 Consumer Innovation and Purchase Intention 2.2 The Intermediary Role of Perceived Product Innovation 2.3 Regulation of Social Impact 2.4 Regulation of Individual Cognitive Response 3 Research Design 4 Hypothesis Analysis 4.1 Reliability and Validity Test 4.2 Hypothesis Test 5 Conclusion and Prospect 5.1 Research Conclusion 5.2 Theoretical Contribution 5.3 Practical Significance 5.4 Research Limitations and Future Prospects References Impact of Tobacco Consumption on Food and Non-food Households Consumption Patterns: The Case of Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Data and Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Appendix References Tax and Fee Cuts, Investment in Innovation, and High-Quality Development of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Analysis and Research Assumptions 2.1 Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction and High-Quality Development of Enterprises 2.2 The Mediating Role of Innovation Investment in “Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction—High-Quality Development of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises” 2.3 The Regulating Effect of Intellectual Property Protection on “Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction—High-Quality Development of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises” 3 Research Design 3.1 Samples and Data 3.2 Variable Selection 3.3 Model Settings 4 Empirical Results and Analysis 4.1 Main Effect Regression Analysis 4.2 Regression Analysis of the Intermediary Effect 4.3 Regression Analysis of the Moderating Effect 5 Conclusions and Recommendations References Need for Economic Remedies with the Increase in Product Liability Cases in the Twenty-First Century 1 Introduction 2 Definition of Product Liability 2.1 Product Liability Laws in India 2.2 Product Liability Cases in India 3 Other Product Liability Case Studies 3.1 Manufacturers Products Liability: Case Developments in the UK, USA, and India 4 The Theoretical Economic Model 5 The Efficient Solution 5.1 Other Economic Remedies/Solutions 6 Conclusion 7 Limitations of the Study References Measuring Financial Inclusion in Indonesia: Asserting the Role of Digital Financial Services 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Financial Inclusion and Economic Development. 3 Methodology 3.1 Data and Variable 3.2 Index Construction Methods 3.3 Reliability Check 4 Estimation Results and Discussion 4.1 Estimated Financial Inclusion Index 4.2 Reliability Check Results 5 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations References The Use of Mobile Technologies for Shopping During the Pre-Covid-19 Pandemic Versus Covid-19 Pandemic Time; A Gender-Based Quantitative Study 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives 3 Methodology 4 Conceptual Frameworks of the Study 5 Results—Descriptive Statistical Analysis 6 Results—Testing Hypothesis 7 Discussion References The South Korean Export Benchmark: Validity of the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis 1 Introduction 1.1 South Korea and the ELGH 1.2 Determinants of South Korea’s Export Orientation Success 2 Methodology 2.1 Unit Root Tests and Structural Breaks 2.2 Cointegration and Causality 3 Discussion and Conclusion 4 South Korea Model Limitations and Future Recommendations Appendix References Tax and Non-tax Policies Towards the Finance of Sustainable Economy: The Mediating Role of Eco-Innovation 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development 2.1 Government Support Toward a Circular Economy Through Tax and Non-Tax Policies 2.2 Government Support Towards Circular Economy Through Eco-Innovation 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Data Collection and Sampling 3.2 Variable Description 4 Empirical Results 4.1 Component Extraction 4.2 Component Matrix for Factor Loadings 4.3 Data Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion and Implications References This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2022 Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. With a great number of submissions, it presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.2023 Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF) will take place on the 14-15 Dec 2023 in Singapore.