Economics and Finance Readings : Selected Papers from Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics et Finance, 2021

This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2022 edition of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. With a great number of submissions, it presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research focusing on the Asia-Pacific region. The APEF 2021 conference was conducted virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Preface 5 East Asia Research (EAR) 6 APEF Advisory Board 7 Contents 9 About the Editors 10 1 Language Requirement for Naturalization, Linguistic Networks, and International Migration: The Role of Common Unofficial Language 12 1.1 Introduction 12 1.2 Data, Variables, and Econometric Model 15 1.2.1 Econometric Model 15 1.2.2 Overview of Data 20 1.3 Summary Statistics 20 1.4 Results and Discussion 23 1.4.1 Linguistic Proximity, Common Unofficial Language, and International Migration 23 1.4.2 Linguistic Networks and Language Requirements for Naturalization 29 1.5 Conclusion 32 Appendices 33 References 40 2 Smart Digitalization in Nordic Cities and Municipalities Through Internet of Things 43 2.1 Introduction 44 2.2 Smart Cities and Municipalities 44 2.3 Internet of Things 47 2.4 Methodology 48 2.4.1 DESI Index 49 2.4.2 Telenor NDMI Index 49 2.4.3 In-depth Interviews 51 2.5 Findings 52 2.5.1 Value from Digitalization 59 2.5.2 Challenges for Digitalization 60 2.6 Discussion 61 2.7 Conclusion and Further Research 63 References 63 3 Are Attitudes to Financial Risk Reflected in Precautional Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A European Study of Individuals Aged 50+ 66 3.1 Introduction 66 3.2 Method 68 3.2.1 Data 68 3.2.2 Eligibility Criterion 69 3.2.3 Risk Attitudes 69 3.2.4 Precautionary Behavior 69 3.3 Results 70 3.4 Conclusion 73 Appendix 75 References 76 4 Impact of User Participation Behavior and Participation Emotion on Quality of Users’ Ideas in the Virtual Brand community 77 4.1 Research Background 77 4.2 Literature Review and Research Hypothesis 80 4.2.1 The Breadth of User Participation 80 4.2.2 The Depth of User Participation 81 4.2.3 The Emotional of User Participation 82 4.3 Research Methods 83 4.3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 83 4.3.2 Research Variables 84 4.4 Hypothesis Testing and Empirical Analysis 86 4.4.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis 86 4.4.2 Regression Analysis 86 4.4.3 Analysis of Results 87 4.5 Conclusion 89 References 90 5 The Impact of Temporal Leadership on the Constructive Deviant Behavior of Knowledge Workers—A Multi-chain Mediating Effect of Regulatory Focus and Self-efficacy 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Theoretical Basis and Research Hypothesis 95 5.2.1 Temporal Leadership and Employee’s Constructive Deviant Behaviors 95 5.2.2 The Mediating Effect of Regulatory Focus 97 5.3 The Mediating Role of Self-efficacy 99 5.4 The Multi-chain Mediating Effect of Regulatory Focus and Self-efficacy 100 5.5 Method 101 5.5.1 Design and Procedure 101 5.5.2 Variable Metrics 102 5.6 Statistical Analysis 103 5.6.1 Correlation Analysis 103 5.6.2 Reliability and Validity Test and Common Variance Test 103 5.6.3 Multiple Chain Mediating Effect Test 105 5.7 Research Conclusion and Discussion 107 5.7.1 Research Conclusions 107 5.7.2 Theoretical Significance and Research Prospect 109 5.7.3 Research Limitations and Future Prospects 111 References 112 6 What, Why, and How Financial Development Matters: Evidence of ASEAN-5, Asia-5 and OECD-7 Economies 115 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Data 116 6.2.1 Variance Decomposition 117 6.2.2 Scatter Plots 119 6.3 Methodology of Panel Data Estimation 119 6.4 Model and Results 123 6.5 Conclusions 125 References 126 This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2021 edition of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. With a great number of submissions, it presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research focusing on the Asia-Pacific region. The APEF 2021 conference was conducted virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic.